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Nasicon-type Li 1+x Al x Ge 2-x (PO 4 ) 3 (x = 0–0.5) electrolytes have been prepared via a facile and economic method. All synthetic electrolyte samples show Nasicon structure and good crystallinity . The Al doping content has a great influence on the electrical conductivity of electrolyte. The electrolyte with the composition of Li 1.4 Al 0.4 Ge 1.6 (PO 4 ) 3 exhibits a highest electrical conductivity of 2.72 × 10 −4 S/cm at room temperature , which is mainly attributable to fewer impurity and dense electrolyte structure. The LiFePO 4 /Li cell assembled with this electrolyte delivers an initial specific discharge capacity of 127.86 mAh g −1 at a charge/discharge current density of 0.5C at 60 °C, which shows an excellent cycling performance with high discharge capacity of 131.2 mAhg −1 after 150 cycles. These results suggest that the Li 1.4 Al 0.4 Ge 1.6 (PO 4 ) 3 electrolyte is a potential electrolyte for all solid state lithium-ion battery.
Aqueous rechargeable batteries have promising application in large-scale energy storage owing to their cost-effective, eco-friendly, high safety and good electrochemical performance. An aqueous rechargeable hybrid sodium/zinc battery with Zn anode, Na 3 MnTi(PO 4 ) 3 cathode and 0.5 mol L -1 CH 3 COONa and Zn(CH 3 COO) 2 mixed electrolyte has been designed for the first time. The battery delivered a reversible and stable capacity of 95.0 mAh g −1 at 1.5 C for 50 cycles with a high and flat working voltage of 1.75 V vs. Zn 2+ /Zn. Impressively, the battery showed the excellent cycling performance and superior rate capability, which can be cycled at 10.0 C for 2000 cycles with a capacity retention of 93.6% and a reversible capacity of 55.6 mAh g −1 at 30.0 C. Meanwhile, the co-intercalation mechanism of hybrid Na + and Zn 2+ in the cathode is elucidated by cyclic voltammogram, ex-situ XRD, ex-situ XPS and Rietveld refinement analysis. This work gets insight into the charge/discharge processes of hybrid ions for NASICON-structured Na 3 MnTi(PO 4 ) 3 , providing a feasible way to design cost-effective, high safety and long-term aqueous rechargeable batteries.
Main observation and conclusion Detection of hydrazine originated from electrochemical media has recently gained considerable attention in the sensing field. Herein, to improve electron transfer capacity, a polyoxometalate metal-organic framework (POMOF, NENU-3) is in-situ nucleated onto the carboxyl functionalized reduced graphene oxide (CFG) (NENU-3/CFG, abbreviation N3/CFG). The N3/CFG supported onto carbon cloth electrodes (CCEs) has been investigated for hydrazine detection. The amperometric results display that the POMOF/CFG to hydrazine has a broad linear range (0.09—362.5 μmol/L) and low detection limit (24 nmol/L). In addition, the POMOF/CFG-based sensors possess good anti-interference capability, boosted stability and feasibility. Furthermore, when applied to the detection of practical samples, acceptable relative recoveries of 96.26%—107.30% are obtained.
A series of Sn-doped Li 3 V 2− x Sn x (PO 4 ) 3 /C ( x = 0, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2) samples were synthesized via a citric acid assisted sol–gel method. XRD patterns indicated that all the Li 3 V 2− x Sn x (PO 4 ) 3 /C samples were pure single phase with a monoclinic structure (space group P 2 1 / n ) and well crystallized. The structural refinement results and HRTEM analysis both indicated that Sn-doping did not alter the lattice structure of Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 , but increased the unit cell volume. SEM images revealed that Sn-doping has no obvious effects on the morphology and particle size of Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 . HRTEM, XRF and Raman results demonstrated that a thin carbon layer was coated on the surface of Li 3 V 2− x Sn x (PO 4 ) 3 /C samples with a similar carbon content and good quality. The electrochemical performance was evaluated using coin-type half cells. Among the samples synthesized in this work, Li 3 V 1.85 Sn 0.15 (PO 4 ) 3 /C exhibited the electrochemical performance in terms of specific capacity, rate capability, cycling performance. CV and EIS results implied that optimizing Sn-doping contents with x = 0.15 could greatly enhance the structural stability of Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 during the charge–discharge processes, as well as increase electrical conductivity with a lower charge transfer resistance and a higher Li + diffusion coefficient .
The synthesis, Eu 3+ complexation, and selective solvent extraction of Am 3+ over Eu 3+ in nitric acid solution by 2-carboxamido-6-(1 H -pyrazol-3-yl)-pyridines (A-PzPy) ligands were described. Without the aid of any lipophilic anion source, A-PzPy ligands in methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) diluent demonstrated a more favorable affinity of Am 3+ than Eu 3+ at high acidity levels. Slope analysis showed the formation of 1:2 metal/ligand extracted species. The extraction was a spontaneous exothermic process. The analyses of fluorescence titration, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), Raman, time-resolved laser fluorescence spectrum (TRLFS), electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), conductivity and microcalorimetric titration revealed that the composition of complex is [Eu(NO 3 ) 2 (H 2 O)∙2(Et- p -Tol-A-PzPy)](NO 3 ). Combining the results of solvent extraction and complexation study, the extraction mechanism was proposed. Furthermore, the stability constants (log β ) and thermodynamic parameters (Δ H , Δ S , Δ G ) for complexation of Eu 3+ with Et- p -Tol-A-PzPy were also presented.
Background Migraine is a complex neurological disorder. While acupuncture is effective in alleviating migraines, its molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This study aims to explore these mechanisms. Methods We used bioinformatics to identify differentially expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) in migraine patients after acupuncture. Subsequently, luciferase reporter assays were utilized to verify the interaction between miRNAs and their regulated target gene mRNAs. RT-qPCR and Western blot analyzed key miRNAs’ regulatory effects on target genes. We also employed Transwell migration assays and a nitroglycerin (NTG)-induced migraine mouse model to systematically evaluate acupuncture’s efficacy and mechanism. Results Bioinformatics analysis revealed a significant upregulation of Hsa-miR-550a-3-5p in the peripheral blood of migraine patients after acupuncture treatment. Hsa-miR-550a-3-5p could directly inhibit the mRNA and protein expression of platelet and endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 (PECAM1), reducing nitroglycerin-induced human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs). Following the downregulation of PECAM1 by hsa-miR-550a-3-5p, the transendothelial migration capacity of monocytes-macrophages was significantly reduced, and reducing the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Furthermore, it alleviates inflammation by regulating M2 macrophage polarization. In NTG-induced mice, acupuncture relieved migraine-like behaviors, an effect abolished by a miR-550a-3-5p inhibitor. Conclusion This study is the first to reveal that after acupuncture treatment, hsa-miR-550a-3-5p can be upregulated to target and inhibit PECAM1, reducing the transendothelial migration of inflammatory cells and the release of inflammatory cytokines, thereby alleviating migraine symptoms. This discovery provides scientific evidence for the efficacy of acupuncture and offers a new target for developing miRNA-based precision treatment strategies.
High-voltage spinel LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 (LNMO) emerges as an ideal cathode for high energy density lithium-ion batteries due to its 4.7 V operating voltage and low-cost manganese-rich composition. However, the severe interfacial degradation caused by transition metal dissolution and pervasive electrolyte decomposition compromises practical viability in commercial lithium-ion batteries, critically under elevated-temperature operation. To address this problem, we constructed a covalently anchored bis[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]amine (BTPA) coating layer on the LNMO surface through atomic-scale grafting. The BTPA-coated LNMO confers exceptional cyclic stability and rate capability, representing a transformative advancement in cathode performance. At 50 °C, BTPA-coated LNMO cathode maintains 96.10 % capacity retention after 100 cycles at 1C, significantly outperforming pristine LNMO (58.92 % retention), while demonstrating exceptional rate capability with 109.42 mAh·g −1 delivered at 10C compared to 92.71 mAh·g −1 for the pristine LNMO. The synergistic suppression of Mn 3+ formation and parasitic reactions underpins unprecedented high-temperature cyclability, establishing a paradigm for extreme-condition energy storage.
The rapid advancement of wearable electronics and miniaturized medical devices demands high-safety, low-cost energy storage. Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) attract attention for their resource advantages and lithium-ion battery-like electrochemical mechanisms, but their performance is limited by Na + ’s larger ionic radius—causing severe lattice stress and electrode degradation. This study focuses on NASICON-type Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 (NVP) cathodes, developing an innovative sol–gel spin-coating method combined with rapid thermal annealing (RTA) to grow high-quality films on carbon-coated Ti substrates. Multi-scale characterization confirms the films have a typical NASICON structure, smooth surface, uniform element distribution, and stable vanadium valence. Electrochemically, the film electrode delivers an initial reversible capacity of 83mAh g −1 at 1 A g −1 (70.9 % of theoretical value) and retains 81.3 % capacity after 300 cycles. Cyclic voltammetry shows reversible redox peaks at 0.49/0.66 V, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy gives a low ohmic resistance of 13.3 Ω. Notably, RTA enhances film crystallinity and densification while simplifying conventional 8–10 h multi-step sintering into a 1-h single step, offering an efficient, low-energy industrial solution for scalable all-solid-state SIB production.
Microencapsulated flame retardants with high thermal stability and efficacy are critical for polymer safety. Conventional systems often face issues like poor shell stability and low char residue, leading to early core release and reduced flame-retardant performance. This study presents a novel approach using a silane coupling agent (KH-550) to integrate surface-hydroxylated nano boron carbide (B 4 C) into a melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF) shell. Using perfluoro(2-methyl-3-pentanone) (PMP, C 6 F 12 O) as the core material, we developed BMP (B 4 C&MUF@PMP) composite microcapsules through in situ polymerization. These microcapsules, with 6 wt% B 4 C, showed a smooth spherical morphology, sealed micropores, and enhanced thermal stability, with a 5% weight loss temperature rising from 78.3°C to 123°C and char residue increasing from 0.88% to 6.91%. When incorporated into epoxy resin, the EP/BMP composite achieved a limiting oxygen index of 31.2%, passed the UL-94 V-0 rating, and reduced peak heat release rate and total heat release by 48.7% and 48.8%, respectively, while suppressing CO generation. This approach strengthens the MUF shell via B 4 C integration, enabling controlled PMP release and synergistic flame retardancy through a dense char layer, offering a new pathway for high-performance flame-retardant microcapsules.
Antimony selenosulfide (Sb 2 (S,Se) 3 ) demonstrates strong potential for thin-film solar cells owing to its tunable bandgap, low toxicity, and high stability. However, conventional fabrication methods often yield films with small grain sizes and random orientations, which hinder device performance. Herein, an in situ polymerization-assisted grain growth (iPAGG) strategy was developed, specifically enabling the oriented growth of Sb 2 (S,Se) 3 on Cd-free TiO 2 substrates, by introducing acrylic acid (AA) into the chemical bath deposition process. The carboxylate groups from AA coordinate with Sb 3+ ions, promoting oriented growth of Sb 2 (S,Se) 3 film. This approach yields films with enlarged grains, reduced defect densities, and strengthened [ hk 1] preferred orientation. As a result, Cd-free Sb 2 (S,Se) 3 solar cells employing the optimized AA concentration yielded a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 7.24%, outperforming the control device (6.70%). Further interfacial modification with poly (acrylic acid)-modified SnO 2 boosts the PCE to 7.55%. This work offers an effective way toward the fabrication of high-performance and environmentally friendly Sb 2 (S,Se) 3 photovoltaics.
Ammonia is a promising carrier for energy storage due to its high hydrogen content, low storage and transportation costs, and zero carbon emissions. Plasma catalysis shows excellent potential for sustainable ammonia synthesis; however, searching for suitable catalysts is ongoing. La(OH) 3 was studied due to its rich basic sites and oxygen vacancies, which are beneficial for plasma-catalyzed ammonia synthesis. The optimal reaction conditions were investigated, and a maximum ammonia synthesis rate of 37.13 μmol/(min•g -cat ) was achieved. H 2 plasma treatment enhanced the catalytic activity of La(OH) 3 , and ammonia synthesis rate of 40.00 μmol/(min•g -cat ) were achieved. This study contributes to the development of efficient catalysts for plasma-catalyzed ammonia synthesis and highlights the potential of La(OH) 3 as a promising catalyst.
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