ENERGY
·
2025
·
IF 9.4
Qi Zhou,Liu Wu,Jingyue Wang,Jie Liang
Lignin, with its complex structure and high stability, poses a significant challenge in the directed depolymerization to obtain aromatic-rich bio-oil. To prevent the formation of hard-shelled char resulting from the melting and agglomeration of lignin during pyrolysis, this study proposed a dual strategy combining Ca(OH) 2 pretreatment and Beta zeolite, which demonstrated a synergistic effect through β-O-4 bond cleavage, effectively suppressing lignin condensation while achieving high aromatic selectivity. In this study, the influence of various operational parameters was examined. Key variables including pretreatment procedures, concentration levels, catalyst selection, catalyst-to-raw material ratio, carrier gas velocity, and pyrolysis thermal conditions were analyzed to determine their effects on the critical processes. Pretreatment with 5 wt% Ca(OH) 2 significantly reduced lignin agglomeration during pyrolysis. Using Beta zeolite (1:1 mass ratio) in CFP at 500 °C with 75 mL/min carrier gas flow increased bio-oil yield from 5.0 wt% to 7.5 wt% and enhanced aromatic selectivity from 1.9 area% to 84.9 area%. Using 2-phenoxy-1-phenylethanol (α-OH-PPE) as a model compound, we found Ca(OH) 2 pretreatment and Beta zeolite together enhanced β-O-4 bond cleavage in lignin. This synergistic approach facilitated efficient bond cleavage and showed remarkable effectiveness in aromatic production.
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ChemSusChem
·
2024
·
IF 7.5
Tao Yin,Yichao Ye,Hao Jiang,Chengyin Lin,Riyang Shu,Zhipeng Tian,Chao Wang,Ning Shi
Graphical This work proposed a novel and stable Ru-based catalyst with biochar and Al 2 O 3 as composite support, which achieved an outstanding performance on the hydrodeoxygenation of lignin-derived phenolic compounds and raw lignin-oil. Under the catalysis of optimized Ru/C-Al 2 O 3 catalyst, the hydrocarbon content increased significantly from 10.7 % to 95.7 % at 230 °C. Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) is a common strategy for upgrading lignin-derived phenolic compounds into high-quality liquid fuels, and the support rational design of HDO catalysts is critical to achieve a good reaction performance. This work proposed a novel Ru-based catalyst with biochar and Al 2 O 3 as composite support. The addition of biochar can enlarge the porous structure, and the addition of Al 2 O 3 can enhance the acid property of the support. By regulating the content of biochar and Al 2 O 3 components, Ru/CA-2 catalyst achieved the best HDO performance of lignin-derived phenolic compounds, with the optimal component balance of 50 %C and 50 %Al 2 O 3 . This catalyst possesses the high Ru metal dispersion (1.38 nm particle size) to activate the hydrogen source, the moderate acid property to suppress carbon deposition and the abundant oxygen vacancy to promote substrate adsorption at the same time. 99.9 % conversion of guaiacol is obtained at 230 °C, with 99.9 % selectivity towards cyclohexane. Ru/CA-2 catalyst also has a good recyclability, with no obvious activity loss after five runs. Furthermore, in the application of catalytic lignin-oil HDO, the content of hydrocarbons increase from 10.7 % to 95.7 %, showing great potential on the industrial usage.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS
·
2025
·
IF 6.5
Ajibola T. Ogunbiyi,Wenzhi Li,Amir Hamza,Chenchen Gui,Liqun Wang
Despite significant advances in lignin depolymerization studies, the specific combination of Mo and W in bimetallic catalysts and their impact on hydrogen activation and Lewis acidity in lignin conversion remains poorly understood, particularly in terms of the synergistic effects that enhance efficiency and selectivity. A bimetallic Mo x W y /H-Beta catalyst was synthesized via incipient wetness impregnation with the catalyst characterized using XPS, H 2 -TPR, NH 3 -TPD, and other methods. The catalyst demonstrated high activity for selective kraft lignin depolymerization due to the synergy between Lewis acid sites, hydrogen activation sites, and the Mo-W interaction on the support. The proximity of metal and acid sites facilitated effective diffusion of intermediates, leading to enhanced synergy and the eventual cleavage of etheric C–O bonds. A Liquid fuel (LF) yield of 84.3 % and 71.6 % kraft lignin conversion at 300 °C without external hydrogen. The higher heating value (HHV) increased from 25.45 MJ/kg in the original kraft lignin feed to 35.9 MJ/kg in the LF. XPS analysis showed a predominant amount of Mo 6+ on the fresh catalyst surface, with complete conversion to lower oxidation states during the reaction. This study provides insights into the structure–activity relationships of Mo-based bimetallic catalysts, highlighting the importance of hydrogen activation sites and acidic sites in kraft lignin depolymerization.
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INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
·
2025
·
IF 6.2
Yuanyuan Xia,Jingshun Zhuang
Green and sustainable pretreatment strategies are critical for the efficient utilization of lignocellulose. In this study, a novel ternary deep eutectic solvent (DES) consisting of choline chloride (ChCl), triethylene glycol (TEG), and oxalic acid (OA) was proposed to effectively fractionate and convert wheat straw into fermentable sugar. The ternary DES pretreatment showed remarkable pretreatment performance achieving 65.2 % delignification and 76.3 % hemicellulose removal under mild conditions. After 72 hours of enzymatic hydrolysis, a high glucose yield of 90.6 % was obtained, indicating a near-complete conversion of cellulose to monosaccharides. The structural properties of regenerated lignin samples were investigated by two-dimensional heteronuclear single-quantum coherence (2D-HSQC) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The regenerated lignin retained a well-preserved structure. Notably, after five recycling cycles of the DES, delignification remained at 51.2 %, with a glucose yield of 78.9 %. These findings suggest that the proposed ternary DES is a promising solvent for economically viable biomass conversion processes.
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Catalysts
·
2025
·Vol. 15
·期 5
·455
·
IF 4
Wenjun Lei,Yan Fu,Shipeng Gu,Shuaishuai Qiu,Jie Chang
Catalytic hydrogenolysis of lignin to produce high-value monophenols has emerged as a pivotal strategy in modern biorefineries. In this study, we synthesized spherical nitrogen-doped porous carbon (SNCB) materials by using Al/Co-BTC as a precursor, introducing melamine as a supplementary carbon and nitrogen source, and activating the material with NaOH solution. The SNCB framework was decorated with Cu-Pd bimetallic nanoparticles, exhibiting outstanding catalytic activity in the hydrogenolytic depolymerization of organosolv lignin. The Cu-Pd@SNCB catalyst exhibited remarkable activity, attributed to the hierarchical porous structure of SNCB that facilitated metal nanoparticle dispersion and reactant accessibility. The synergistic effect between Cu as the reactive site for reactant adsorption and Pd as the reactive site for H2adsorption enhanced the catalytic activity of the catalyst. Systematically optimized conditions (2 MPa H2, 270 °C, 3 h) yielded 43.02 wt% phenolic monomers, with 4-(3-hydroxypropyl)-2,6-dimethoxyphenol dominating the product profile at 46.3% selectivity. The catalyst and its reaction products were analyzed using advanced characterization techniques, including XPS, XRD, TEM, SEM, BET, GC-MS, GPC, 2D HSQC NMR, and FT-IR, to elucidate the reaction mechanism. The mechanism proceeds through: (1) nucleophilic substitution of the β-O-4 hydroxyl group by MeOH, followed by (2) simultaneous hydrogenolytic cleavage of Cβ-O and Cα-O bonds mediated by Cu-Pd@SNCB under H2atmosphere, which selectively produces 4-(3-hydroxypropyl)-2,6-dimethoxyphenol and 4-propyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol. This study proposes a bimetallic synergistic mechanism, offering a general blueprint for developing selective lignin valorization catalysts.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2025
·
IF 13.2
Maolin Dong,Chen Cao,Zhichao Luo,Shuzhen Ni,Huiyang Bian,Hongqi Dai,Ying Gao
Cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) are promising materials for triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG) due to their biodegradability and renewability. However, their insufficient interfacial contact area and interfacial polarization capabilities restrict the enhancement of output performance. The rigid aromatic structure and abundant phenolic hydroxyl groups of lignin provide a novel approach to optimizing CNF-based TENG. In this study, maleic acid-esterified lignin nanoparticles (LNP) were introduced to synergistically regulate the surface microstructure and interfacial polarization properties of CNF films, successfully constructing high-performance lignin nanoparticles-cellulose nanofibril triboelectric nanogenerators (LCNF-TENG). LNP significantly improved the mechanical properties of LCNF films, achieving a maximum tensile strength of 163.5 MPa due to the formation of dense hydrogen-bonded networks with CNF. At an optimal LNP loading of 15 wt%, the LCNF-TENG exhibited an open-circuit voltage of 108.83 V and a charge density of 52.346 μC/m 2 , representing 461 % and 545 % improvements compared to the CNF-TENG. Atomic force microscopy and finite element simulations reveal a dual enhancement mechanism: multiscale surface roughness introduced by LNP increases the effective contact area, while dense hydrogen bonding networks promote interfacial dipole polarization. This study provides mechanistic insight into structure-function coupling and presents a scalable, environmentally friendly strategy for the design of natural polymer-based TENG, contributing to sustainable energy solutions.
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CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
·
2025
·
IF 12.5
Chuhang Liu,Xiaojie Shi,Bo Lin,Zekun Song,Feng jiang,Mei-Chun Li,Chaozheng Liu,Changtong Mei
3D printing of cellulose-based porous materials with tailored architecture is of significant interest for advanced thermal insulation applications. However, most existing approaches lack internal hierarchical porosity, thereby limiting their insulation efficiency. Here, we propose an emulsion gel ink strategy based on high internal phase Pickering emulsions (HIPPEs) stabilized by lignin-containing cellulose nanofibrils (LCNFs) and reinforced with sodium alginate (SA). This approach integrates emulsion templating with direct ink writing (DIW), enabling simultaneous control of macroscopic geometry and microscopic pore structure. LCNFs with tunable lignin content and surface charge effectively stabilize oil–water interfaces, while SA provides a viscoelastic matrix, ensuring high printability. After freeze-drying, the printed porous monoliths exhibit low density (~17.7 mg·cm −3 ), high porosity (> 98 %), and hierarchical pores templated by emulsified droplets and LCNF-SA network. The resulting structures combine excellent mechanical resilience and low thermal conductivity (~0.031 W·m −1 ·K −1 ). This work provides a scalable route to bio-based 3D-printed porous materials with programmable porosity and multifunctional performance.
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高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2025
·
IF 13.2
Jiyun Qi,Jingyi Deng,Yanrong He,Xiaojun Shen,Zhiyong Qin,Jia-Long Wen,Tong-Qi Yuan
Epoxy resin, as a crucial high-performance thermosetting polymer, heavily relies on petroleum-based raw materials for its conventional curing agents, making the development of green alternatives essential for sustainable industrial advancement. In this study, amine-functionalized lignin was successfully synthesized and employed as a bio-based curing agent to fabricate a lignin-based epoxy resin (LBER). The application potential of LBER was systematically evaluated as a structural adhesive and in epoxy resin/glass fabric (EP/GF) composites for wind turbine blades. The resulting LBER exhibited high crosslinking density, enhanced thermal stability, and notable solvent resistance. The adhesive formulation (1:0.4) achieved a maximum wood lap-shear strength of 13.84 MPa, while the corresponding EP/GF composite attained a tensile strength of 391.73 MPa. Both materials outperformed the conventional diethylenetriamine-cured epoxy system under extreme temperatures (−196 °C to 200 °C) and in various solvent environments. Life cycle assessment (LCA) and techno-economic analysis (TEA) further confirmed substantial reductions in carbon emissions and competitive cost-effectiveness. These findings demonstrate a practical and promising pathway for transitioning toward green epoxy resin systems, demonstrating strong technical, environmental, and economic feasibility for high-performance adhesives and large-scale composite manufacturing.
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FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2025
·
IF 9.8
Jian Zhu,Qinghao Ning,Tianxing Wang,Zengqi Liu,Long Yu,Hongsheng Liu,Wei Zou
Lignin (Lg), a major dietary phenolic polymer, remains poorly characterized as a substrate for colonic fermentation. We compared an aqueous soluble lignin (SLg) with two less soluble fractions produced by thermal (Lg-200) or alkali-thermal treatment (Lg10–200) processing using an in vitro batch fermentation model. SLg produced modestly higher total short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) than the other lignin fractions (from ~7.80 to ~8.72 mM), with relatively greater acetate (from ~3.01 to 4.24 mM) and propionate (from ~2.71 to ~3.50 mM), and a pH decrease from 6.60 to 6.15. It also increased microbial diversity and enrichment of taxa linked to carbohydrate fermentation ( e.g. , Ruminococcus torques , Megamonas ), alongside reduced pro-inflammatory Collinsella . Moreover, SLg significantly decreased the Firmicutes/Bacteroidota (F/B) ratio relative to the blank (from ~44.02 to ~30.59, p < 0.05). These results suggest that soluble lignin may influence gut microbial composition and could be further explored as a potential functional ingredient.
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PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF THE ENERGY INSTITUTE
·
2025
·
IF 6.2
Chao Li,Xiaojun Zheng,Jingyu Zhang,Guoming Gao,Yunyu Guo,Yuewen Shao,Shu Zhang,Tao Wei,Yi Wang,Xun Hu
Several potassium salts such as KOH, K 2 C 2 O 4, and K 2 CO 3 are capable to activate biomass to form activated carbon (AC) with developed pore structures, but their different anions render their unique decomposition kinetics or pathways, affecting their capability for generating pores. Such differences were investigated herein by conducting the activation of cellulose and lignin at 800 °C. The results showed that KOH was superior to K 2 C 2 O 4 or K 2 CO 3 for creating pore structures in activation of cellulose (1507.8 m 2 /g with KOH versus 1180.5 m 2 /g with K 2 C 2 O 4 or 1307.7 m 2 /g with K 2 CO 3 ) or lignin (1109.1 versus 583.4 or 873.2 m 2 /g). This was due to rapidly releasing K + and OH − from KOH at lower temperature, which enhanced severity of cracking reactions, diminishing yields of AC (i.e. 10.3 % with KOH versus 18.1 % with K 2 C 2 O 4 in cellulose activation) as well as aliphatic organics and phenolics in bio-oil. K 2 C 2 O 4 and K 2 CO 3 exhibited delayed K + availability from their stepwise decomposition behaviors, suppressing early-stage cracking/gasification and forming higher yields of AC with limited pore development. In-situ IR revealed that KOH was more active in promoting dehydration/deoxygenation, while slow kinetics for K + release from K 2 C 2 O 4 /K 2 CO 3 preserved more oxygen-containing functionalities in the resulting AC. Additionally, cellulose of aliphatic nature enabled superior potassium permeation, intensifying etching through synergistic cracking/gasification, forming AC of higher S BET but lower yields than that from lignin of aromatic nature.
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Small
·
2024
·Vol. 20
·期 28
·2312085
·
IF 13
Pingxian Feng,Huan Wang,Shiyu Gan,Bokai Liao,Li Niu
Developing high-performance lignin anti-corrosive waterborne epoxy (WEP) coatings is conducive to the advancement of environmentally friendly coatings and the value-added utilization of lignin. In this work, a functionalized biomass waterborne epoxy composite coating is prepared using quaternized sodium lignosulfonate (QLS) as a functional nanofiller for mild carbon steel protection. The results showed that QLS has excellent dispersion and interface compatibility within WEP, and its abundant phenolic hydroxyl, sulfonate, quaternary ammonium groups, and nanoparticle structure endowed the coating with excellent corrosion inhibition and superior barrier properties. The corrosion inhibition efficiency of 100 mg L −1 QLS in carbon steel immersed in a 3.5 wt% NaCl solution reached 95.76%. Furthermore, the coating maintained an impedance modulus of 2.29 × 10 6 Ω cm 2 (|Z| 0.01 Hz ) after being immersed for 51 days in the high-salt system. In addition, QLS imparted UV-blocking properties and thermal-oxygen aging resistance to the coating, as evidenced by a |Z| 0.01 Hz of 1.04 × 10 7 Ω cm 2 after seven days of UV aging while still maintaining a similar magnitude as before aging. The green lignin/WEP functional coatings effectively withstand the challenging outdoor environment characterized by high salt concentration and intense UV radiation, thereby demonstrating promising prospects for application in metal protection.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2024
·
IF 13.3
Yanying He,Baobin Mi,Cheng Luo,Honglin Tao,Xin Zhang,Jinwen Yu,Xueying Mo,Jian Hu,Long Chen,Naimei Tu,Fangfang Wu
The scarcity of arable land and the problem of food security urgently called for a strategy of Remediation-by-Production (RBP). Biochar is a promising method for addressing Cd-contaminated soils, but the time required for remediation and the variability of long-term performance have a direct impact on the realization of the RBP strategy. We have developed a novel approach for remediating cadmium-contaminated flooded soil by utilizing lignin biochar (LBC) in combination with safe rice cultivation. The addition of 1 % LBC achieves efficient Cd passivation (CP: 90.89 %) before rice Cd uptake peaks. Meanwhile, LBC can increase soil organic matter and alter microbial community structure, decreasing the relative abundance of soil pathogenic bacteria from 5.12 % to 4.03 % while raising nutritional bacteria from 15.18 % to 28.82 %. Furthermore, LBC successfully reduced the accumulation of Cd in rice grains by 31.3 % ∼ 54.6 %, making rice dwarf, sturdy, and greener, and lowering the health risk coefficients of Cd across various age groups by Monte Carlo simulations. This study elucidated the critical role of humic substances of LBC in remediation time and performance and laid a solid theoretical foundation for promoting the application of biochar in soil contamination remediation and simultaneously realizing the safe production of crops.
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