ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
·
2024
·
IF 8.3
Yang Nan,Tianpeng Liu,Wenhao Liu,Dong Cao,Daojian Cheng
Constructing highly active and noble metal-free electrocatalysts is significant for the anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Herein, uniform carbon-coated CoP nanospheres (CoP/C) are developed by a direct impregnation coupling phosphorization approach. Importantly, CoP/C only takes a small overpotential of 230 mV at the current density of 10 mA cm–2 and displays a Tafel slope of 56.87 mV dec–1. Furthermore, the intrinsic activity of CoP/C is 21.44 times better than that of commercial RuO2 under an overpotential of 260 mV. In situ Raman spectroscopy studies revealed that a large number of generated Co–O and Co–OH species could facilitate the *OH adsorption, effectively accelerating the reaction kinetics. Meanwhile, the carbon shell with a large number of mesoporous pores acts as the chainmail of CoP, which could improve the active surface area of the catalyst and prevent the Co sites from oxidative dissolution. This work provides a facile and effective reference for the development of highly active and stable OER catalysts.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学
·
催化
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高影响因子
MICROELECTRONICS RELIABILITY
·
2026
·
IF 2.5
Tao Yang,Guoyou Gan,Xianglei Yu,Hu Sun,Junpeng Li
This study investigates the electrical properties and stability of resistor pastes formulated from RuO 2 –CuO composites doped with La 2 O 3 . The pastes exhibit an approximately linear positive temperature coefficient (PTC) of resistance behavior, referred to as near-linear positive temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) in this work, to emphasize the linearity of the resistance-temperature relationship, with optimal performance achieved at 1.2 wt% La 2 O 3 doping. Microstructural analyses indicate that La 2 O 3 promotes densification of the resistive layer, enhancing the stability of the conductive network. After 1000 h of storage at room temperature, the resistance change rate is approximately 0.5%. Under high-temperature conditions (150 °C for 240 h), the rate increases slightly to about 2%, demonstrating satisfactory preliminary stability.
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CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS
·
2026
·
IF 7
Junlin Cai,Pengfei Li,Hongpu Huang,Shupeng Wang,Yu Peng,Yuhang Peng,Qiuxiang Wang,Xiaohong Wang,Zhaoxiong Xie,Shuifen Xie
Defect-rich RuO2 catalysts, although possessing high electrocatalytic activity, are inherently unstable for the anode oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) due to rapid lattice oxygen depletion. Here we report an atomically Ir-doped, grain-boundary-rich RuO2 catalyst (Ir-GB-RuO2) that suppresses overactivation of lattice oxygen by forming robust Ru–O–Ir bridging motifs at grain boundaries, achieving high-performance acidic OER electrocatalysis and ampere-level stable PEMWE. The induced electronic modulation shifts the catalytic mechanism from a pure lattice oxygen mechanism (LOM) to a balanced coexistence of LOM and the adsorbate evolution mechanism (AEM), thereby achieving robust stability while preserving high intrinsic activity. The primary Ir-GB-RuO2 catalyst requires only 191 mV overpotential to achieve 10 mA cm–2 and exhibits a prolonged durability exceeding 1000 h at 100 mA cm–2. In a PEM electrolyzer, it attains the current density of 1.0 A cm–2 at a notably low cell voltage (1.67 V) and exhibits a minimal potential decay rate of only 55.3 μV h–1 over 1500 h of continuous operation. This work overcomes the intrinsic activity–stability trade-off in defect-rich Ru-based catalysts for industrial PEMWE.
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JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS
·
2026
·
IF 6
Xiaoxiao Duan,Shu Liu,Haiping Li,Xiuling Jiao,Yuguo Xia,Dairong Chen
Proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) offers a sustainable route for hydrogen production but remains limited by the instability of acidic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts. Ruthenium dioxide (RuO 2 ), though highly active, suffers from lattice oxygen participation leading to Ru dissolution and structural collapse. Here, we introduce a cooperative co-doping strategy that integrates tungsten (W) and silicon (Si) into the RuO 2 lattice to resolve the activity-stability dilemma. Structurally, W substitution induces local lattice strain that promotes Si incorporation, and the co-doping of large-radius W and small-radius Si balances lattice distortion and yields W-O-Ru-O-Si bridge motifs. These orbitally coupled sites modulate Ru-O covalency and suppress lattice-oxygen participation by ∼97%, thereby strongly suppressing Ru loss. The optimized catalyst delivers low overpotentials and exceptional durability, maintaining 8000 h at 10 mA cm −2 and 300 h at 1 A cm −2 in PEMWE cells. The synergistic dual-site coupling of W and Si decouples activity and stability locally while integrating them through cooperative orbital interactions, offering a rational design concept for durable Ru-based acidic OER catalysts and efficient PEMWE systems.
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ACS Catalysis
·
2026
·
IF 13.6
Simin He,Minqian Cheng,Fulin Li,Jiahao Xie,Tingting Sun,Lianbin Xu
The practical deployment of Ru-based catalysts for the acidic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is fundamentally constrained by the reciprocal relationship between catalytic turnover and structural integrity. Herein, we report an indium-doped RuO2 (In−RuO2) catalyst, in which indium incorporation disrupts the Ru−O−Ru symmetry and modulates the local electronic structure, thereby tuning Ru−O covalency and promoting lattice oxygen participation in the OER process. The optimized In0.15Ru0.85O2 delivers a low overpotential of 177 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and maintains stable operation for over 320 h at 100 mA cm−2 in 0.5 M H2SO4. Moreover, in a proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolyzer, it operates steadily for 800 h at 500 mA cm−2 with a low decay rate of 37.5 μV h−1. Operando studies, including isotope-labeling and isotope-switching differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS), TMA+ probing, and pH-dependent analysis, reveal the coexistence of the adsorbate evolution mechanism (AEM) and lattice oxygen mechanism (LOM), with LOM becoming more prominent upon indium incorporation. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that indium incorporation induces Ru−O−In charge redistribution, narrows the energy gap between Ru 4d and O 2p bands, modulates the Ru−O bonding, and stabilizes Ru oxidation states, collectively facilitating LOM activity while suppressing Ru overoxidation and dissolution. This work provides atomic-level mechanistic insights into electronic regulation of lattice oxygen chemistry and establishes indium doping as a robust strategy for simultaneously enhancing activity and stability of RuO2 in acidic OER.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
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2026
·
IF 12.5
Xiaoyang Song,Yan Wang,Xiaohua Ren,Xu Zhao
TiRuSnPt electrodes with nanoporous structure were fabricated. • Sn Pt co-doping enhances TiRu for dual CER and EOP functionality. • TiRuSnPt electrodes efficiently degrades organics mainly via in-situ generated O 3 and 1 O 2 . • 100% BPA degradation maintains over 240 h under periodic polarity reversal. The electrochemical generation of free chlorine and ozone for the degradation of organic pollutants in water holds broad application prospects. While traditional TiO 2 -RuO 2 /Ti (TiRu) electrodes exhibit favorable chlorine evolution performance in chloride-containing systems, their oxidation capability is limited under chloride-free or low-chloride conditions. To extend the applicability of electrodes in various water matrices, this study developed a TiRuSnPt electrode with simultaneously enhanced electrochemical chlorine evolution (CER) and electrochemical ozone production (EOP) via a tin‑platinum co-doping on TiRu strategy. The TiRuSnPt electrode achieves excellent CER activity that exhibits a Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 67% under low-chloride conditions at 50 mM Cl − . Moreover, the incorporation of tin and platinum enhances the EOP capability of TiRu, overcoming the limitations of conventional TiRu in chloride-free systems for water purification. In chloride-free electrolytes, the ozone and reactive oxygen species generated by TiRuSnPt can efficiently degrade various organic pollutants, such as bisphenol A (BPA) that achieving 99.7% removal within 6 min. TiRuSnPt exhibited high stability under polarity reversal conditions, that can maintain 100% BPA removal and over 80% of total organic carbon removal in a continuous BPA degradation system for more than 240 h. The high stability was due to tin‑platinum co-doping on TiRu, of which the accelerated lifetime increases by 2.6 times for TiRuSnPt compared to TiRu. This work provides a feasible strategy for developing multifunctional TiRuSnPt electrodes with high-efficiency chlorine evolution and ozone production capabilities, thereby broadening their application scopes in water treatment. Download: Download high-res image (159KB) Download: Download full-size image
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JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
·
2025
·
IF 9.7
Xianqiang Yu,Linfeng Zhang,Ruikai Qi,Mingze Xia,Yuezhu Wang,Mengxiao Zhong,Wei Song,Xiaofeng Lu
Ruthenium dioxide (RuO 2 ) stands out as a versatile catalyst for acidic oxygen evolution reactions (OER), yet it falls short in alkaline conditions, and its hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity is generally lacking. This poses a significant challenge in engineering a robust bifunctional electrocatalyst capable of excelling in both alkaline HER and OER through manipulating the electronic structure of RuO 2 . Here, we have developed a nanofibrous rhenium (Re)-doped RuO 2 electrocatalyst via an electrospinning-calcination process, tailored for comprehensive water splitting applications. By finely tuning the Re doping content, the optimized Re-doped RuO 2 catalyst achieves overpotentials of merely 386 mV for OER and 157 mV for HER at a current density of 1 A cm −2 in 1 M KOH, significantly outperforming the conventional RuO 2 and Pt/C catalysts in their respective reactions. This bifunctional Re-doped RuO 2 catalyst showcases unparalleled efficiency in overall water splitting, demanding an impressively low power consumption of 6.36 kWh m −3 H 2 at the elevated current density of 1 A cm −2 , which substantially surpasses the performance of the benchmark Pt/C||RuO 2 system. Moreover, it maintains excellent stability under such demanding high current density conditions. Our research provides profound insights into the design of highly efficient RuO 2 -based catalysts, paving the way for their deployment in practical industrial water electrolysis technologies
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高影响因子
MOLECULES
·
2024
·Vol. 29
·期 5
·1182
·
IF 4.2
Yunqing Zhu,Kaiyue Wen,Bingqing Li,Yirong Hao,Jianjun Zhou
In this study, the performance of a zero-gap flow-through reactor with three-dimensional (3D) porous Ti/RuO2-TiO2@Pt anodes was systematically investigated for the electrocatalytic oxidation of phenolic wastewater, considering phenol and 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) as the target pollutants. The optimum parameters for the electrochemical oxidation of phenol and 4-NP were examined. For phenol degradation, at an initial concentration of 50 mg/L, initial pH of 7, NaCl concentration of 10.0 g/L, current density of 10 mA/cm2, and retention time of 30 min, the degradation efficiency achieved was 95.05%, with an energy consumption of 15.39 kWh/kg; meanwhile, for 4-NP, the degradation efficiency was 98.42% and energy consumption was 19.21 kWh/kg (at an initial concentration of 40 mg/L, initial pH of 3, NaCl concentration of 10.0 g/L, current density of 10 mA/cm2, and retention time of 30 min). The electrocatalytic oxidation of phenol and 4-NP conformed to the pseudo-first-order kinetics model, and thekvalues were 0.2562 min−1and 0.1736 min−1, respectively, which are 1.7 and 3.6-times higher than those of a conventional electrolyzer. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) was used to verify the intermediates formed during the degradation of phenol or 4-NP and a possible degradation pathway was provided. The extremely narrow electrode distance and the flow-through configuration of the zero-gap flow-through reactor were thought to be essential for its lower energy consumption and higher mass transfer efficiency. The zero-gap flow-through reactor with a novel 3D porous Ti/RuO2-TiO2@Pt electrode is a superior alternative for the treatment of industrial wastewater.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
电化学工程
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PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
·
2024
·
IF 9.4
Yue Shi,Hongfu Miao,Jianyang Gao,Feifei Liu,Ying Deng,Hongdong Li,Jingqi Chi,Caixia Li,Fusheng Liu,Jianping Lai,Lei Wang
The sluggish kinetics and inherent instability over the Ru/RuO 2 clusters are still enormous challenges in proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolyzer. Herein, we innovatively report synergistic modulation of dynamic electron modification and strong metal-support interaction (SMSI) to activate and stabilize bifunctional fluorine doped Ru/RuO 2 clusters anchored on carbon nanotube (CNT), thus achieving efficient and stable acidic overall water splitting. Theoretical and experimental studies found that surface metal-fluorine modification layer could dynamically regulate the interfacial electronic environment to stabilize and activate multiple active Ru species; and the SMSI between Ru/RuO 2 cluster and CNT maintains stable electronic environment for dynamic electron modification and avoids migrating or shedding of active species in acidic environment. Therefore, the PEM electrolyzer assembled with optimal F 5.5 -Ru/RuO 2 @CNT can operate stably for 100 h at a high current density of 100 mA cm −2 , which is the first time that bifunctional Ru-based nanocatalysts applied to PEM device at a high current density.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学
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高影响因子
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
·
2024
·
IF 8.1
Songyu Ren,Aimin Wang,Yanyu Zhang,Yongjun Song,Zhenjun Wen,Zhongguo Zhang
Electrocatalytic H 2 O 2 production via the two-electron oxygen reduction reaction on the cathode surface plays a crucial role in the electro-peroxidation (EO-H 2 O 2 ). In this work, the H 2 O 2 generation potential of the EO-H 2 O 2 process using an activated carbon fiber attached RuO 2 /Ti cathode (ACF@RuO 2 /Ti) was evaluated by simulation experiments with a high-precision syringe pump. Results shown that the actual average H 2 O 2 accumulation rate reached up to 4.92 mg h −1 cm −2 , while more than 95 % of the electrogenerated H 2 O 2 was decomposed quickly. Electron paramagnetic resonance and quenching tests confirmed that the primary oxidant • OH was produced from H 2 O 2 activation by ACF, RuO 2 catalyst and their synergistic effect, while RuO 2 played dominant role. The production of • OH in the EO-H 2 O 2 process was also confirmed by the degradation and mineralization of antibiotic ciprofloxacin. The characterization results indicated that heterogeneous catalysis of cathode was due to both the pyridinic nitrogen and oxygen-containing groups of ACF, along with RuO 2 catalyst on the RuO 2 /Ti surface. This study provides new insights into the mechanisms of the in situ H 2 O 2 generation and activation in the EO-H 2 O 2 process.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
电化学
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高影响因子
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
·
2024
·
IF 8.1
Qiaolin Ren,Wei Zhang,Wenjun Yan,Zhongde Wang
Electrochemical oxidation (ECO) technology has proven to be efficient for organic wastewater treatment. Given the strong demand for the development of anodes with superior stability, high activity, and low cost that can be applied industrially, herein, a stable Sb-doped Ti/RuO 2 -IrO 2 -SnO 2 electrode (SSE) is fabricated and served as an anode for the degradation of aniline using diverse power supply modes. The SSE shows better performance than the Ti/RuO 2 -IrO 2 -SnO 2 electrode (SE) in facilitating electron transport, enlarging the electrochemical active surface area, enhancing stability, and increasing electrocatalytic activity. Theoretical calculations reveal the stability and electronic properties of the synthesized electrodes. Furthermore, by degrading complex molecules and real wastewater, the practical industrial application of SSE is explored. Subsequently, the active species and possible degradation pathways are systematically elucidated. Therefore, this work provides a promising and superior-performance electrode with attractive application prospects for the high-efficient degradation of refractory organic wastewater.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
材料科学
·
化学工程
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高影响因子
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
·
2026
·
IF 5.8
Shaojie Lei,Dezhang Ren,Jian Yang,Fan Lin,Zichen Li,Tengfei Li,Yan Jin,Zhibao Huo
RuO 2 electrodes are widely used in electrocatalytic oxidation due to their excellent conductivity. However, their excessively high catalytic activity toward the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) results in low selectivity for hydroxyl radicals (·OH), which limits their application in the treatment of recalcitrant organic pollutants. This study proposes a strategy to simultaneously enhance electrode conductivity and the oxygen evolution potential (OEP) by modulating the RuO 2 -TiO 2 solid solution structure. Through precise control of Ti doping levels and calcination temperature via a sol-gel method, the structure-performance relationships among coating microstructure, crystal structure, and electrochemical behavior were systematically analyzed. Results show that when the Ti doping ratio is Ru: Ti= 1:2.5 and calcination is performed at 600 °C, a well-crystallized RuO 2 -TiO 2 solid solution is formed. This structure significantly reducing the charge transfer resistance and increasing the OEP by approximately 100 mV. Fluorescence and quenching experiments further confirmed that under this solid solution structure, with the ·OH fluorescence intensity increased by approximately ninefold compared to the undoped electrode. The electrode demonstrated significant advantages in MB degradation, achieving >95% decolorization within 30 min, with energy consumption as low as 5.65 kWh·t -1 , and exhibited stability more than ten times greater than that of conventional RuO 2 electrodes. This study provides a new perspective for enhancing the electrocatalytic performance of RuO 2 electrodes from the standpoint of solid solution structural regulation, offering a theoretical basis and a feasible pathway for developing efficient and low-cost anode materials for electrochemical advanced oxidation processes.
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