RARE METALS
·
2025
·
IF 11
Zhang Qi,Zhang Zhiqiang,Zeng Fangyuan,Li Wenjie,Liu Jinhao,Ai Shubo,Zheng Yun,Li Zhe,Shao Huaiyu,Liu Zhi-Quan
Kirkendall voids (KVs) at the Cu/Sn interface are a typical failure in integrated circuits, leading to solder joint cracking and electrical disconnection. Although the formation of KVs has been attributed to the difference in atomic diffusion rates at the Cu/Sn interface, the role of Cu intrinsic "quality" parameters (crystal defects) in this process remains unclear. This work systematically investigated the effects of Cu crystal defects on KVs: Cu substrates with different lattice defects and grain boundaries were prepared using proprietary electrodeposition additives, and the number of defects was quantitatively characterized by micro-strain, geometric dislocation density, and geometric phase analysis. The thermal aging experiments further showed that the formation of intermetallic compounds and KVs was related to crystal defect energy. When the grain boundary energy was higher than the lattice energy, the additional driving force resulted in short-circuit diffusion, causing local Cu depletion and voids. The low-crystal-defect samples maintained the local Cu/Sn interdiffusion equilibrium, resulting in fewer voids after 1000 h. This study emphasizes that regulating the crystal defects can reduce KVs and provides a new insight for improving the integrated solder joint’s reliability.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
微电子学
·
固体物理
·
应用物理学
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高影响因子
Crystals
·
2021
·Vol. 11
·期 9
·
IF 2.589
Xiao-Cun Liu,Ming-Yan Pan
AgBiSe2, which exhibits complex structural phase transition behavior, has recently been considered as a potential thermoelectric material due to its intrinsically low thermal conductivity. In this work, we investigate the crystal structure of Sn-doped AgBiSe2through powder X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry measurements. A stable cubic Ag1−x/2Bi1−x/2SnxSe2phase can be obtained at room temperature when the value ofxis larger than 0.2. In addition, the thermoelectric properties of Ag1−x/2Bi1−x/2SnxSe2(x= 0.2, 0.25, 0.3, 0.35) are investigated, revealing that Ag1−x/2Bi1−x/2SnxSe2compounds are intrinsic semiconductors with a low lattice thermal conductivity. This work provides new insights into the crystal structure adjustment of AgBiSe2and shows that Ag1−x/2Bi1−x/2SnxSe2is a potentially lead-free thermoelectric material candidate.
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DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Energy Chemistry
·
2020
·
IF 7.216
Ting Chen,Dewu Zeng,Long Zhang,Meng Yang,Dawei Song,Xinlin Yan,Chuang Yu
As a type of candidate for all-solid-state Li batteries, argyrodite solid electrolytes possess high ionic conductivity , but poor compatibility against Li metal. Here, we report novel Li 6 PS 5 I-based argyrodite sulfides with Sn-O dual doping , which is a powerful solution to comprehensively improve the performance of a material. The combination of O and Sn-aliovalent doping not only enables an improved ionic conductivity but more importantly realizes an intensively enhanced interfacial compatibility between argyrodite and Li metal and Li dendrite suppression capability. The assembled battery with Sn-O dual-doped electrolyte and Li anode demonstrates high capacity and decent cycling stability. Dual doping is thus believed to be an effective way to develop high performance sulfide solid electrolytes.
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DOI
高影响因子
Frontiers in Chemistry
·
2019
·
IF 3.782
Dongya Wang,Peng Yi,Lin Wang,Lu Zhang,Hai Li,Min Lu,Xiaoji Xie,Ling Huang,Wei Huang
Black phosphorus, an emerging layered material, exhibits promising applications in diverse fields, ranging from electronics to optics. However, controlled synthesis of black phosphorus, particularly its few-layered counterparts, is still challenging, which should be due to the unclear growth mechanism of black phosphorus. Here, taking the most commonly used Sn-I assisted synthesis of black phosphorus as an example, we propose a growth mechanism of black phosphorus crystals by monitoring the reactions and analyzing the as-synthesized products. In the proposed mechanism, Sn24P19.3I8 is the active site for the growth of black phosphorus, and the black phosphorus crystals are formed with the assistance of SnI2, following a polymerization-like process. In addition, we suggest that all Sn-I assisted synthesis of black phosphorus should share the same reaction mechanism despite the differences among Sn-I containing additives. Our results shown here should shed light on the controlled synthesis of black phosphorus and facilitate further applications of black phosphorus.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
无机化学
·
纳米材料
·
半导体材料
·
晶体生长
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DOI
高影响因子
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
·
2026
·
IF 5.4
Jialin Liu,Dongzi Zhou,Zitong Wang,Fangli Sun,Haicun Yang,Junfeng Cheng,Dong Wang,Dun Wu,Cheng Zhang,Chunlin Liu,Louis C. P. M. de Smet,Zheng Cao
Sn nanoparticle–carbonized (Sn@C) nanofibers via electrospinning + calcination • Sn@C + chitosan (CS) ⇒ CS/Sn@C layers by spin coating • Layer tested for humidity sensing by quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) • High repeatability and reversibility; low humidity hysteresis • Combining structural integrity (Sn@C) + water adsorption sites (CS) SnCl₂·2H₂O was introduced into polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers through a simple electrospinning method, and composite Sn nanoparticle–carbonized (Sn@C) nanofibers were prepared by two-stage calcination. After dispersing different amounts of composite nanofibers in a 2.5 wt% chitosan (CS) solution via ultrasonication, a series of CS/Sn@C composite humidity-sensitive layers were spin-coated on quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensor surfaces. The morphology, structure, and composition of Sn@C nanofibers were analyzed by SEM, TEM, XPS, and BET. The diameter of Sn@C nanofibers was decreased from 180 nm to 95 nm upon decreasing the PAN content from 90% to 60%. The presence of metallic Sn nanoparticles, formed on the surface of Sn@C nanofibers, resulted in an increase in specific surface area from 5.1 m²·g⁻¹ to 106.5 m²·g⁻¹. Using an electrospinning solution with PAN:SnCl₂·2H₂O (8:2 w/w) and a Sn@C dispersion (0.05 mg/mL) in 2.5 wt% CS solution, a QCM sensor with a fitting correlation coefficient of 0.9998 was fabricated. The sensor parameters were optimized through QCM testing under varying conditions. The sensor demonstrated fast response/recovery times: <1.2 s (response)/50 s (recovery) in 11–33% RH and 67 s/37 s in 11–98% RH. Additionally, the CS/Sn@C-modified QCM sensor exhibited high repeatability, reversibility, and low humidity hysteresis. Download: Download high-res image (169KB) Download: Download full-size image
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DOI
高影响因子
Electrocatalysis
·
2025
·
IF 2.8
Yang Zehong,Wang Zihao,Qiu Qiuhong,Luo Yuzhan,Wang Chenglong,Huang Yaobin,Zhuang Tao,Zheng Weijin,Chen Liang,Lan Liying,Liu Guangli,Fang Jiasheng,Li Yanliang,Lv Sihao,Wang Wenlong,Qiu Yongfu,Zhuo Qiongfang
A Sn/ZnO 2 @Ti 4 O 7 anode was prepared using a combination of hydrothermal synthesis and discharge plasma sintering methods for the electrochemical degradation of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). The introduction of Sn/ZnO 2 significantly increased the electrochemical active surface area (ECSA) and the oxygen evolution potential (OEP) of Ti 4 O 7 . A 97.6% degradation rate of PFOA can be achieved using a Sn/ZnO 2 @Ti 4 O 7 anode, at a current density of 40 mA/cm 2 , with the initial PFOA concentration of 10 mg/L, at a pH value of 5.69, and within 120 min. Radical quenching experiments indicated that direct oxidation was the main mechanism for PFOA degradation, contributing 82.5%. The degradation efficiencies of PFOA remained above 88% in Dongjiang and Zhujiang rivers (DJR and ZJR) matrixes, confirming the system’s resistance to complex matrix. The total organic carbon (TOC) removal ratio was 56.8%, and the defluorination ratio was 48% after electrolysis of 6 h. After 36 cycles of degradation, the degradation rate was 95.6%. The toxicity assessments indicated that the degradation intermediates were significantly less toxic than the parent PFOA. Graphical
研究领域:
环境科学
·
电化学
·
水处理
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污染物降解
·
材料科学
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DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
·
2020
·
IF 4.65
Qing Yang,Yan Xia,Guanhong Wu,Mingzhong Li,Siyu Wan,Pinggen Rao,Zhilei Wang
Sn is promising anode material with high specific capacity for next-generation lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), while the severe volume expansion and poor conductivity of Sn during lithiation/de-lithiation process result in dramatic capacity fading with poor cycle life. Therefore, exploring Sn-based anode materials with excellent structural stability and electrical conductivity is essential for high-performance LIBs. Herein, we propose the fabrication of a nanostructured Sn@Ti 3 C 2 T x composites where Sn species are tightly attached onto the Ti 3 C 2 T x nanosheets uniformly via electrostatic attraction followed by reduction. The Ti 3 C 2 T x nanosheets, acting as a support and electron conductor of Sn, can effectively improve electron transport and electrode stability. Moreover, the Ti 3 C 2 T x nanosheets with rich functional surface groups tend to form strong interfacial interactions with Sn, beneficial for the uniform distribution of Sn and stable lithium storage. As a result, the Sn@Ti 3 C 2 T x electrode exhibits significantly improved battery performance compared with the Micro-Sn@Ti 3 C 2 T x electrode. This work may shed lights on the development of advanced Sn-based anode materials for high-performance LIBs.
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DOI
高影响因子
CATALYSIS LETTERS
·
2018
·Vol. 148
·期 4
·1190-1201
·
IF 2.911
Zhang Yuanyuan,Yi Qingfeng,Deng Zhongliang,Zhou Xiulin,Nie Huidong
Abstract Multi-walled carbon nanotube (CNT) supported Pd–Ag–Sn nanocatalysts including Pd/CNT, Pd 7 Ag 3 /CNT, Pd 7 Sn 2 /CNT, Pd 7 Ag 1 Sn 2 /CNT, Pd 7 Ag 2 Sn 2 /CNT and Pd 7 Ag 3 Sn 2 /CNT, have been prepared in a mixture solution of ethylene glycol and water by NaBH 4 reduction method. The samples have been characterized by using scanning electron microscopy, transmission election microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Compared to the Pd/CNT and Pd 7 Ag 3 /CNT catalysts, metal particles of the ternary Pd 7 Ag 2 Sn 2 /CNT catalyst are more uniformly dispersed on the surface of CNTs and present the size of ca. 2.4 nm. Both binary Pd–Ag and ternary Pd–Ag–Sn catalysts exhibit the alloying of Pd and Ag. Electrochemical activities of the prepared catalysts for ethanol oxidation in alkaline media were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry (CA) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Results show that Pd 7 Ag 2 Sn 2 /CNT catalyst reveals the highest current density of ethanol oxidation among the prepared catalysts and presents a high steady-state current density for ethanol oxidation from CA measurement, which is 33 times higher than the commercial Pd/C. Also, Pd 7 Ag 2 Sn 2 /CNT and Pd 7 Ag 3 Sn 2 /CNT catalysts show a large ethanol oxidation peak current density (against Pd loading) of 2.29 and 2.30 A mg −1 , indicating the high usage efficiency of Pd particles for ethanol oxidation. Graphical Abstract
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学
·
催化化学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
·
2014
·
IF 2.354
Weimin Cao,Wei Li,Renhe Yin,Wei Zhou
Highly stable Cu–Sn core–shell nanoparticles with an average size of 30 nm are synthesized by displacement reaction, which is triggered by the complexation of thiourea with copper nanoparticles. A thin Sn metal shell of 2–3 nm thickness has been fabricated onto the surface of Cu nanoparticles, resulting in the Cu–Sn core–shell structure. SEM, HR-TEM, EDS, DLS, UV–vis, IR, XPS and TGA measurements have been employed to characterize the special core–shell structure, and to confirm the stability of nanoparticles toward oxidation. It has been found that the thin Sn shell prevents the Cu core from oxidation. The effect of thiourea on the Sn reduction is also discussed. Conductive ink prepared using the nanoparticles shows high stability over a long period of storage, and are hopeful to be applied for inkjet printing technology.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学
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DOI
高影响因子
RSC Advances
·
2016
·Vol. 6
·期 113
·111976-111981
·
IF 3.289
Shuping Zhao,Zhenglong Yang,Wei Jiang,Liying Kang,Na Liu,Yanfeng Meng,Changmei Sun
Sn/carbon nanofibers with well dispersed Sn nanoparticles embedded in carbon nanofibers were fabricated by an electrospinning process. A SnO2 sol was used as the Sn precursor in order to improve the compatibility of tin/carbon composites and prevent Sn nanoparticles from severe agglomeration upon thermal treatment. When evaluated as a binder-free anode for lithium ion batteries, the Sn/carbon nanofibers deliver a high specific capacity of 583 mA h g−1 after 100 cycles and good cycling performance with coulombic efficiency up to 99%. The high lithium storage capability is mainly attributed to the optimized structure features including the well dispersed tin nanoparticles, high porosity, and the cushion effect of the carbon nanofibers.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
能源存储
·
纳米技术
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DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
·
2018
·
IF 6.945
Xuelong Zhou,Liyu Lin,Yunhui Lv,Xiangyang Zhang,Qixing Wu
Hybrid flow batteries are one of the most promising technologies for storing the electricity generated from intermittent renewables , such as wind and solar. However, most of the existing hybrid systems currently suffer from low power density and poor cycle performance resulted from the parasitic reactions. To mitigate these issues, here we report a tin-iron hybrid flow battery in which the stannous chloride anolyte is separated from the ferric/ferrous chloride catholyte. With the reversible tin metal deposition/stripping and ferric/ferrous chloride redox reactions at carbon surfaces , the present battery delivers an energy efficiency of 78.5% even at the current density of 200 mA cm −2 . In addition, owing to high hydrogen overvoltage of metallic tin, the parasitic hydrogen evolution reaction in the negative electrode can be largely avoided so that the battery can stably operate over 700 cycles without obvious efficiency decay. With the excellent rate and cycle performance, it is envisioned that the tin-iron flow battery is a promising candidate for large-scale energy storage applications .
研究领域:
能源科学
·
材料科学
·
电化学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
MICROPOROUS AND MESOPOROUS MATERIALS
·
2022
·
IF 5.876
Shuang Wang,Lipeng Zhou,Beibei Gao,Yunlai Su,Xiaomei Yang
Sn-Beta is a good solid Lewis acid catalyst. Seed-assisted hydrothermal synthesis is a popular method for its preparation. However, the mechanism of seeds in the crystallization process is not clear. Here, the role of seeds in the growth of crystal and the influence on the properties of the corresponding products were studied. The seeds and gel was characterized by XRD , SEM, FT-IR and TG. During the crystallization, it was observed that the seeds were partially dissolved and formed seed fragments in the initial stage. Then the seed fragments acted as the core of the crystals and promoted the crystallization process. Seeds greatly decreased the crystal size of the products as compared with the direct hydrothermal method in absence of seeds. The acidity and catalytic performance of Sn-Beta synthesized via seeds route are similar with those of none-seeds method.
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DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）