JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
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2019
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IF 3.571
Qing Liu,Man Li,Liu Xiong,Lizhong Qiu,Xiliang Bian,Chunrui Sun,Qingjie Sun
The functional modifications of debranched starch (DBS) has been attracting the interest of researchers. This study marks the first time that DBS was modified by cationization through the use of (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl) trimethylammonium chloride with the introduction of cationic functional groups. The physicochemical properties and structural characteristics of cationized debranched starch (CDBS) were systematically assessed. The results demonstrate that the maximum degree of substitution (DS) value obtained was as high as 1.14, and the corresponding CDBS exhibited significantly higher zeta potential values: approximately +35 mV. The minimal inhibitory concentration values of the CDBS of DS 1.14 against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were 6 and 8 mg mL–1, respectively. In addition, nanoparticles were successfully prepared with a combination of CDBS and low methoxyl pectin (LMP) and a combination of CDBS and κ-carrageenan (CRG). The maximum encapsulation efficiency of nanoparticles for (−)-epigallocatechingallate can reach 87.8%.
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Materials Science & Engineering C-Materials for Biological Applications
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2019
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IF 4.959
Mingjin Zhu,Xinying Li,Liming Ge,Yaxin Zi,Man Qi,Yulin Li,Defu Li,Changdao Mu
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are effective antimicrobial reagent, especially for the treatment of multidrug-resistant microorganisms. However, it is difficult to remove the residual harmful reducing agents in AgNPs synthesized by the traditional chemical reduction method. In addition, AgNPs exhibit cytotoxicity when exposed directly to cells for biomedical applications and will rapidly aggregate in aqueous environment. Herein, we develop a new route to synthesize submicron-particles containing AgNPs ( κ C@Ag MPs) with high aqueous stability, robust antibacterial activity and low cytotoxicity. AgNPs were firstly greenly synthesized using κ -carrageenan as environmental friendly reducing and stabilizing agent under heating in aqueous solution. Then the AgNPs were immobilized in the net of κ -carrageenan by adding KCl to obtain κ C@Ag MPs. The results indicated that κ C@Ag MPs were quite stable without any agglomeration and precipitation in aqueous solution for more than three months. κ C@Ag MPs exhibited robust antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, even better than that of pure AgNPs. Notably, κ C@Ag MPs maintained the long-lasting retention of antibacterial activity. In addition, κ C@Ag MPs possessed well cytocompatibility towards the L02 and L929 cells. Overall, κ C@Ag MPs may have prospective application as effective and sustainable antibacterial agent in biomedical fields.
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Surfaces and Interfaces
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2024
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IF 5.7
Bin Liu,Penghui Liu,Zhan Ma,Musenge Chola,Mo Chen,Hongying Guo,Jie Li,Fangli Sun,Jinhan Lu,Peng Jiang,Weiwei Huan,Luming Li
Biomass-based flame retardants are characterized by readily available raw materials and are environmentally friendly, making the design of green and efficient biomass-based flame retardants a critical direction in the development of flame-retardant technology. In this study, a novel biomass-based flame retardant (Acc) was developed using ammonium polyphosphate (APP) as a raw material in combination with the biomass materials carrageenan (CAR) and collagen (COL). Flame-retardant wood was prepared via ultrasonic impregnation. Via various analytical and testing methods, such as the Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI), thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, cone calorimetry, and thermogravimetric–infrared coupling, the combustion performance of biomass-based flame retardants on wood was investigated to elucidate the flame-retardant mechanism. The results indicated that the flame retardant with a CAR:COL:APP ratio of 1:1:3 exhibited the best flame-retardant effect, with an LOI of 31.8 %. The peak heat release rate was reduced to 53.8 % compared with that of untreated wood, and both the peak smoke release rate and total smoke release were reduced by 63.2 % and 49.2 %, respectively, demonstrating a significant smoke-suppression effect. Analysis of the mechanism revealed that APP, COL and CAR generated non-combustible gases such as ammonia and gases containing P and S when exposed to fire. These gases dilute oxygen and eliminate •H and •HO radicals in the gas phase, thereby exerting flame-retardant effects. Acc promotes the formation of a dense crosslinked carbon layer containing N=C, N-C/P-N, N-H, and C-O-P. This carbon layer acts as a physical barrier, isolating oxygen (O 2 ), blocking gas emissions, and slowing heat exchange. This study provides a new avenue for the development of green and sustainable flame retardant wood.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
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2024
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IF 7.7
Xiong Li,Chuyi Li,Wanzi Yao,Jian Mao
Carrageenan oligosaccharides have attracted significant attention due to their excellent biological activities, and they can be produced by carrageenases. In this study, a novel marine bacterium, Shewanella sp. LE8, was used to enzymatically degrade carrageenan, and the κ-, ι-, and λ-carrageenases produced by the bacterium were characterized. The crude enzyme derived from media exhibited κ-carrageenase activity, indicating its natural secretion during growth and proliferation. According to the results of molecular weight distribution from HPGPC, λ-carrageenan could be degraded by Shewanella sp. LE8 cells in both 20 mM Tris-HCl buffer and PBS, while ι-carrageenan can only be hydrolyzed in PBS environment, indicating the activation of ι-carrageenase in Shewanella sp. LE8 was dependent on the presence of Na + ions. The components of carrageenan hydrolysates were determined by ESIMS, and results revealed that κ-carrageenan hydrolysates were primarily consisted of G4S-DA, [G4S-DA] 2 and [G4S-DA] 3 , while ι-carrageenan hydrolysates were predominantly composed of [G4S-DA2S] 2 . Moreover, the fragment ions of λ-carrageenan revealed that the hydrolytic process not only encompasses enzymatic cleavage of glycosidic bonds but also involves the participation of sulfatase. The precise structure was further elucidated through NMR analysis, confirming that the end-products of ι-carrageenase were neoι-carratetraose. The results highlight the potential of Shewanella sp. LE8 for industrial applications in the production of ι-carrageenan oligosaccharides.
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JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
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2025
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IF 6.2
Chunhua Zhu,Tao Hong,Mingjing Mou,Yanhong Chen,Zhipeng Li,Mingjing Zheng,Zedong Jiang,Hui Ni,Yanbing Zhu
The immobilized κ-carrageenase MCNF was developed by synergistic integration of κ-carrageenase, calcium phosphate crystals, and magnetic nanoparticles. MCNF outperformed free κ-carrageenase in terms of optimal temperature, thermostability (45–55 °C), stability (pH 6.0 and 12.0), and storage stability. Furthermore, MCNF was extremely reusable and easy to separate from the reaction system. MCNF’s enzymatic breakdown of κ-carrageenan resulted in a tetrasaccharide that competitively inhibited pancreatic lipase (PL). Fluorescence titration experiments showed that κ-carrageenan tetrasaccharide altered the microenvironment of PL by causing static bursting of its intrinsic fluorescence. The circular dichroism experiment demonstrated that adding κ-carrageenan tetrasaccharide reduced α-helix content and increased β-sheet content in PL’s secondary structure. Molecular docking and dynamics simulation research suggested that the κ-carrageenan tetrasaccharide could form a stable complex with PL, entering its hydrophobic cavity and occupying its active site, reducing PL’s catalytic activity. κ-Carrageenan tetrasaccharide could inhibit PL, making it a promising therapeutic agent for obesity prevention and treatment.
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FOOD HYDROCOLLOIDS
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2024
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IF 11
Chen Song,Zhejin Chen,Linlin Wang,Nan Wang,Jie Tian,Chunqing Ai,Shuang Song
Low-molecular-weight carrageenan has attracted great attention in the food and medical industries due to its excellent solubility and diverse biological activities. However, the development of environmentally friendly methods for low-molecular-weight carrageenan production is still in great need. In the present study, a photocatalysis-freeze-thaw circle degradation method of κ-carrageenan was developed based on its two-phase properties after freezing and thawing. Interestingly, the addition of KCl with the ability to enhance the gel strength could lead to the molecular weight decrease of the prepared low-molecular-weight carrageenan whose relative molecular weight could reduce to ≤2.8 kDa. Moreover, FT-IR, ESI-MS n , NMR, and TEM analysis results showed that the photocatalysis-freeze-thaw circle method could separate the degraded low-molecular-weight carrageenan in time to avoid overreaction during the reaction process, which could fully protect the sulfate groups of low-molecular-weight carrageenan from destruction and produce less by-products. In addition, the digestion and distribution of low-molecular-weight carrageenan in vivo were tracked after fluorescent labeling, and the results demonstrated that low-molecular-weight carrageenan could enter the liver and kidney after oral administration. Thus, the present study demonstrated a novel method to prepare low-molecular-weight carrageenan and revealed in vivo distribution after oral administration.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
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2025
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IF 8.5
Xiaowei Xu,Jie Yong,Lin Wang,Su Chen,Jie Pang
The aim of this study was to utilize pH-responsive hydrogel skin scaffolds to achieve the sustained release of bioactive compounds (BCs) to promote wound healing. ZIF-8@flavanone nanoparticles were successfully synthesized through microfluidic channels and integrated into a hydrogel scaffold consisting of carrageenan (KC) and konjac glucomannan (KGM) to create a pH-responsive composite hydrogel scaffold. The unique pore structure of ZIF-8 efficiently loaded the active material, and the coordination bonds were disrupted in a slightly acidic environment, allowing the release of flavonoids. The natural macromolecular polysaccharides KC and KGM have good biocompatibility, and as a moist but not wet hydrogel scaffold substrate, they more closely resemble the growth environment of cells and are more favorable for wound healing. The hydrogel scaffolds developed in this study had a tensile strength of 1.15 MPa, an elongation at break of 320 %, good biocompatibility, a relative cell viability of 99.6 %, relative antimicrobial rate of 96.3 % ( E. coli ) and 95.8 % ( S. aureus ), respectively, and a release rate of 43.3 % at a pH of 5.0, and a wound closure rate at 15 d of 90.5 %, contributing to the improvement of wound healing performance and providing new possibilities for customized antimicrobial wound dressings.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
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2024
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IF 7.7
Guangyang Jiang,Yicheng Yang,WenYang Sheng,Li Yang,Huan Yang,Tingting Tang,Chenzhi Wang,Yongqiang Tian
The κ-carrageenan/microbial-originated dextran-based multifunctional intelligent packaging films, integrated with natural anthocyanins as a colorant and ZnO as an antibacterial agent, were successfully developed using a casting method. Their applicability and functionality were systematically assessed through various analytical techniques. The addition of dextran, anthocyanins, and ZnO in the films resulted in an increased tensile strength (from 13.66 ± 0.53 to 29.70 ± 1.29 MPa) and elongation at break (from 16.69 ± 1.05 % to 39.49 ± 0.73 %), and decreased water solubility (from 64.94 ± 0.34 % to 32.84 ± 1.55 %) and water vapor barrier property (from 8.29 ± 0.12 × 10 −10 g/m•s•Pa to 6.92 ± 0.1 × 10 −10 g/m•s•Pa). Spectroscopic analysis revealed that the dextran, ZnO and anthocyanins were uniformly dispersed within the film-forming substrates, achieved through hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions. The addition of anthocyanins and ZnO not only enhanced the antibacterial and antioxidant properties of the film but also provided it with good pH sensitivity and color stability, making it highly promising for use in shrimp freshness monitoring. All the films were shown to be biodegradable, decomposing completely in soil within 30 days. Overall, these results suggest that the films could serve as a potential replacement for plastic food packaging and additionally monitor the freshness of food.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
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2025
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IF 8.5
Zhiqiang Wang,Yi Wang,Xu Zhou,Yaru Sun,Dezhou Guo,Jinjiang Xu
The enhancement of energy release and safety performance is of great significance to the energetic crystal 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO). However, the practical utilization of NTO has been hindered by several critical challenges, including slow energy release kinetics, high decomposition temperatures, and poor safety performance. The physical cross-linked network polyelectrolyte κ-carrageenan (KC)/chitosan (CTS)/NTO composites were prepared by acidified sol-gel conversion method to improve the physical and chemical properties and performance characteristics of NTO. Through the characterization and analysis of the morphology and structure of the samples, it was observed that the KC/CTS/NTO composites did not undergo polymorphic transformation during the preparation process. At the same time, the experimental data reveal that the physically crosslinked polymeric matrix spontaneously assembled by KC and CTS effectively lowers the onset thermal decomposition temperature and activation energy of NTO, while concurrently enhancing its energy release kinetics. Notably, KC and CTS exhibit a dual-action mechanism: synergistically mitigating NTO's corrosive properties and elevating its insensitivity threshold, thereby establishing excellent safety performance. These findings collectively validate the potential of this synergistic composite strategy for broader applications in advanced energetic material systems.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
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2025
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IF 8.5
Xiangyan Chen,Guohua Ma,Junyao Li,Xintao Gao,Yantao Li
Combination therapy that promotes both apoptosis and immunogenic cell death (ICD) holds promise for enhanced tumor treatment, yet its effectiveness is often hindered by challenges including inadequate targeted delivery, intricate nanoformulations processes, and cost inefficiency. Here, we present novel tumor-targeted, stimuli-responsive nanomicelles (D@CGO-G) through a straightforward supramolecular self-assembly method, incorporating targeting peptide GE11, doxorubicin (DOX), and a labile carrageenan (CG) linkage. Mechanistic insights into nanomicelles assembly process are thoroughly investigated using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. D@CGO-G exhibit superior targeting capability both in vitro and in vivo , while the released DOX induces tumors apoptosis and ICD, stimulating macrophage polarization and enhancing the infiltration of tumor cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Furthermore, D@CGO-G effectively suppress both primary and distant tumors in vivo through combined apoptosis and anti-tumor immune responses. Our results highlight a simple, cost-effective approach to develop responsive CG-based nanomicelles for precise tumor targeting and robust multimodal therapeutic effects, advancing their clinical potential in cancer therapy.
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CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
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2025
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IF 12.5
Zhenfeng Cheng,Amirbek Bekeshev,Xin Wang,Marzhan Akhmetova,Raigul Orynbassar,Yuan Hu
The present study reports the successful fabrication of a carrageenan-based foam with multilevel structures for efficient hazardous chemical absorption, super insulation and fire protection. By cross-linking carrageenan with swollen vermiculite nanosheets via iron ions and combining with the ablative resistance of inorganic nanofibers, the foam achieves a unity of intrinsic flame retardancy, toughness, thermal insulation and fire resistance. The influence of the composition and structure on the properties of the foam is systematically investigated. Benefiting from the unique multilevel structure, the prepared carrageenan-based vermiculite-silica nanofiber (CA-VNS-SiO 2 ) composite foam exhibits a low thermal conductivity of 0.0377 W·m −1 ·K −1 , meets the UL-94 V-0 fire protection standard, and possesses an oxygen index of 69.5 %. Compared to pure carrageenan foam, it shows a significant reduction in total heat release by 84.1 %. Moreover, the foam demonstrates excellent hydrophobicity and adsorption capacity for various organic oil pollutants. These findings indicate that this study provides a green and cost-effective strategy for producing high-performance carrageenan-based foams with great potential in practical applications.
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LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
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2025
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IF 6.6
Lihua Zhang,Yuli Ning,Yingying Xin,Yinjiao Wei,Xinfang Liu,Bakht Ramin Shah,Xiaofan Zhang,Wei Xu
This study investigates the effects and underlying mechanisms of freeze-thawing on the mechanical properties of Pickering emulsion gels composed of konjac glucomannan/κ-carrageenan (KGM/CRG) induced by K 2 CO 3 . The results showed that as the number of freeze-thaw cycles increased, syneresis and water loss during the squeezing of the gels significantly rose, while their shear strength gradually increased. After two freeze-thaw cycles, the gel exhibited maximum hardness. Microstructural analysis revealed that ice crystals disrupted the original gel network, leading to the aggregation of oil droplets and the dissipation of water. During freezing, the crystallization of water enhanced interactions among polysaccharide molecules, resulting in a more robust and denser KGM-CRG network. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed an increase in the crystallinity of the gel following freeze-thaw cycle treatment. Furthermore, compared to fresh samples, the freeze-thawed emulsion gels displayed higher storage and loss modulus. These findings suggest that Pickering emulsion gels show increased mechanical properties after treatment. Additionally, this study illustrated the potential mechanisms by which freeze-thaw treatment modifies the microstructure of Pickering emulsion gels and influences their gel properties, providing a theoretical foundation for the design of emulsion-gel foods through freeze-thaw cycle treatment.
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