INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
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2026
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IF 8.7
Tianhao Liu,Yantao Song,Haiyan Tan,Pengrui Chen,Jun Shen,Dingyuan Zheng,Yanhua Zhang
Hybrid covalent and supramolecular interactions govern network organization. • A segmented thermo-electrical response enables sensing near body temperature. • Biomass-derived LSME offers a sustainable route for functional hydrogel design. Thermo-responsive hydrogels based on poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) combine temperature responsiveness with biocompatibility, making them promising for wearable sensing and temperature monitoring. However, their intrinsic brittleness and limited mechanical robustness restrict their broader practical applications. Introducing multiple supramolecular interactions, including hydrogen bonding, van der Waals forces, and π-π stacking, provides an effective strategy for reinforcing hydrogel networks while improving their functionality. Herein, esterified lignosulfonate was integrated into a poly(acrylic acid- co -NIPAM), P(AA-co-NIPAM), copolymer network to introduce hydrogen-bonding and π-π interactions, while the introduced unsaturated double bonds participated in copolymerization with AA and NIPAM, providing additional covalent crosslinks. The synergistic combination of supramolecular and covalent interactions reinforces the network architecture and enhances the mechanical and thermo-responsive properties of the hydrogels. The optimized hydrogel exhibits a distinct thermo-responsive transition accompanied by thermally induced dehydration and network reorganization near physiological temperature, resulting in pronounced temperature-dependent changes in both volume and electrical conductivity. It also exhibits sensitive responses to both large-scale and subtle human motions, with repeatable electrical signals during cyclic sensing tests. After 24 h of unencapsulated ambient storage, the hydrogel retained repeatable tensile and compressive sensing responses despite measurable water loss, demonstrating short-term operational stability under the tested conditions. This dual-responsive sensing behavior enables the detection of strain, compression, and temperature variations. Overall, this work presents a sustainable strategy for constructing lignin-derived multifunctional hydrogels and provides a promising material platform for wearable electronics and intelligent health-monitoring systems. Download: Download high-res image (219KB) Download: Download full-size image
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
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2026
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IF 8.7
Hongwei Ren,Zhaoyi Lv,Degang Xu,Xiaolong Zhang,Congyuan Li,Jifeng Zhang
Epoxy resin (EP) is widely used in various fields due to its excellent adhesion, mechanical strength, chemical resistance, and electrical insulation. However, its low limiting oxygen index (18) makes it highly flammable and generates toxic fumes during combustion, presenting significant fire risks. Consequently, it is crucial to modify epoxy resins to be flame retardant. Bio-based carbon nanomaterial flame retardants offer the advantages of high flame retardant efficiency and balanced performance, providing a novel approach to addressing this issue. This study innovatively develops a bio-based flame retardant through a nitrogen‑silicon synergistic doping strategy, using tetrazole (Tet), tetraethyl orthosilicate (Teos), and glycerol (Gly) as raw materials to synthesize N Si co-doped carbon quantum dots (N-Si-CQDs) via a one-step hydrothermal method. The obtained N-Si-CQDs were further combined with sodium lignosulfonate (Sodi) to prepare N-Si-CQDs/Sodi@EP composites. The composite exhibits remarkable flame retardancy: a limiting oxygen index of 29%, a UL-94 V-0 rating, and significantly enhanced char residue. Peak heat release rate and total smoke production are reduced by 33% and 28%, respectively. The fire growth index decreases by 56%, while the fire performance index increases by 160%. Mechanism analysis confirms that the system acts synergistically in both gaseous and condensed phases - forming a protective char barrier and neutralizing free radicals. This work offers a novel strategy for designing high-performance EP composites.
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POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES
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2019
·Vol. 30
·期 9
·2207-2220
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IF 2.162
Benjamin Tawiah,Bin Yu,Wei Yang,Richard K.K. Yuen,Bin Fei
Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) has become an important biopolymer with excellent properties but has limited engineering applications where fire safety is ultimate. An efficient flame retardant (FR) for PLA biocomposites based on azo-boron coupled with 4,4′-sulfonyldiphenol-(((1E,1′E)-(sulfonylbis(6-hydroxy-3,1-phenylene))bis (diazene-2,1-diyl))bis(3,1-phenylene))diboronic acid (SBDA) was synthesized and characterized by FTIR, 1 H and 13 C NMR spectra. SBDA was combined with calcium lignosulfonate (Calig) and compounded with PLA, and the FR, crystallization, and mechanical properties were investigated. The addition of 15 wt% FR (10 wt% Calig and 5 wt% SBDA) into PLA led to important reductions in peak heat release rate (PHRR) approximately 54%, total heat release (THR) approximately 28.6%, and the average effective heat of combustion (AEHC) approximately 29.4%. The fire performance index and fire growth index improved by approximately 56.4% and 33.1%, respectively. A V-0 rating (vertical burning test) and a limiting oxygen index value of 28.8% were achieved for the FR PLA biocomposites. The combinatory SBDA/Calig reduced the segmental mobility of PLA in the organic-inorganic interface with insignificant changes in the elongation at break and the Young Modulus. TG-IR study showed significant reductions in pyrolysis gaseous products for the composites compared with PLA. This research work will expand the frontiers of knowledge on use of boron and calcium functionalized polyaromatic polyols for reducing the flammability of PLA.
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ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
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2025
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IF 7.3
Shan Gao,Tinghong Lu,Xiaohan Zhu,Fengli Yu,Bing Yuan
A catalytic system of Ru nanoparticles (NPs), Ru@SLSaq, dispersed in water was developed by employing sodium lignosulfonate (SLS) to reduce and stabilize ruthenium(III) cation heptaacetate (Ru3O(OAc)7) in an aqueous solution. This Ru@SLSaq catalytic system enabled the efficient hydrogenation of diphenylmethane (DPM) and o-hydroxydiphenylmethane (o-HDPM), yielding dicyclohexylmethane (DCHM) and perhydrofluorene (PHF), respectively. Characterization using UV–vis, FT-IR, Raman spectroscopy, HR-TEM, CO chemisorption, DLS, XRD, and XPS demonstrated that SLS effectively replaces the axial acetate ligands of Ru3O(OAc)7, reduces Ru in situ through the phenolic hydroxyls in its macromolecular structure, and maintains the stability of its core structure, thereby preventing the aggregation of generated Ru NPs. The obtained Ru NPs, predominantly in the Ru0 state with a Ru (100) lattice plane, were uniformly dispersed in the aqueous phase, exhibiting an average particle size of 2–3 nm. Ru@SLSaq displayed excellent catalytic activity for the hydrogenation of DPM and o-HDPM, achieving yields of 96.6% and 97.0% for DCHM and PHF, respectively, under mild conditions (n(substrate)/n(Ru) = 750, hydrogen pressure of 1.5 MPa, at 80 °C for 4 h). The calculated apparent activation energies (Ea) for the two reactions were found to be 46.5 kJ·mol–1 and 75.3 kJ·mol–1, respectively, and the catalytic system demonstrated good cycling stability. Experimental results, supported by DFT calculations, indicate that the complete hydrogenation processes of DPM and o-HDPM occur on the surface of Ru NPs via monophenyl ring adsorption, exhibiting small energy barrier differences across various pathways.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
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2025
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IF 13.2
Jihao Zuo,Yitong Lin,Jiayuan Tian,Jinting Cai,Li Hao,Dongjie Liu,Qin Wang,Gengsheng Xiao,Xinhua Zhou,Hongjun Zhou
Peanut sclerotium blight is a globally widespread plant disease caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. , often leading to significant reductions in peanut crop yields. Due to its soil-borne transmission, effective control of this pathogen remains challenging. This study developed a tea tree oil (TTO) Pickering emulsion (Teb/TTO-PE 5 ) for delivering the fungicide tebuconazole (Teb) by using a covalent conjugate of sodium lignosulfonate (SLS) and deamidated zein (DA-zein) as stabilizers, with further stability enhanced by adding 0.3 wt% xanthan gum (XG), producing another TTO Pickering emulsion (Teb/XG/TTO-PE 5 ). The stability of Teb/XG/TTO-PE 5 was directly demonstrated by its ability to avoid phase separation after being stored at room temperature for 21 days. Additionally, it minimized droplet rebound and enhanced surface wetting, which facilitated efficient interfacial transfer during application. The dual active components in TTO Pickering emulsions exhibited controlled release behavior, enhancing both the targeting and control of the fungicide. Seed germination assays confirmed that the TTO Pickering emulsions did not significantly affect peanut seed germination. Pot experiments revealed that Teb/XG/TTO-PE 5 therapeutic intervention group maintained an average lesion rate of below 5 % in peanut plants infected with 21-day-old Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. strains. The successful development of these Pickering emulsion fungicide delivery system offers an environmentally sustainable and crop-safe strategy for controlling peanut sclerotium blight.
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Journal of Energy Storage
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2025
·
IF 9.8
Can Chen,Tengxiao Ren,Jiaqi Lu,Linlin Zhao,Mingyue Ma,Zhengyu Sun,Renzheng Miao,Jie Pang,Wenfeng Zhang,Jingwei Zhang,Yusheng Yang
Efficient and precise control of porous structure for biomass carbons is facing great challenges, and a deep understanding of evolution mechanism for the porosities is the key to solve this issue. Utilizing strong polarity/hydrophilicity derived from polar covalent bond and integrated ionic charge of sulfonic acid groups in lignosulfonate, a pioneering stepwise dissolution-centrifugal separation strategy is proposed to tune alkali metal content in the biomass derivative precursor, which act as crucial roles for the subsequent pore evolution. Two pore forming mechanisms of in-situ templating and activating are totally combined into one-step carbonization procedure, while precisely distinguished at three pore developing stages: hierarchical pore forming, micropore developing and small meso pore developing, with pyrolytic alkali metal inorganic salts Na 2 SO 4 and Na 2 CO 3 . Hierarchical porous carbon was synthesized with a specific surface area of 1537 m 2 g −1 , total pore volume of 1.33 cm 3 g −1 and meso-/macro-pore ratio of 49.6 %. When printed into quasi-solid-state microsupercapacitor, this sustainable carbon presents superior areal capacitance of 88.1 mF cm −2 , energy density of 3.1 μWh cm −2 , mechanical flexibility of bending to 60° and stability of bending 2000 times. This work not only establishes a novel pathway of strong polar/hydrophilic groups induced component separation of lignocellulose for revealing the porosity evolution process and mechanism of its derived carbons, but also provides potential sustainable solutions for the rational design and commercial development of low-cost and high-performance hierarchical porous carbons for advanced energy storage.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
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2024
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IF 13.3
Penghua Zhao,Lei Zhang,Jiachuan Chen,Chenglong Qiu,Baobin Wang,Jinze Li,Kai Zhang,Guihua Yang
High-efficiency and low-cost electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), as well as gel electrolytes with high water retention, mechanical adaptability and zinc dendrites inhibition are required for flexible Zn-air batteries. Herein, abundant cellulose extracted from wood was employed to prepare ORR catalysts consisting of single iron atoms and Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles embedded within nitrogen-doped carbon nanosheets (SA-FeCNS). The optimized SA-FeCNS-800 demonstrated remarkable ORR catalytic activity, showcasing a half-wave potential of 0.85 V vs. RHE and a diffusion-limiting current of 5.54 mA cm −2 at 0.3 V vs. RHE. Its efficacy was further demonstrated in Zn-air battery technology, where it exhibited superior discharging and charging capabilities, allowing for 618 h of continuous operation at 5 mA cm −2 , along with enduring performance at high current densities (10 mA cm −2 and 20 % depth of discharge). Furthermore, a solid-state electrolyte named SLS@PVA-SSE was fabricated utilizing wood’s sodium lignosulfonate-functionalized polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel. This innovation effectively curbed the formation of zinc dendrites and enhanced alkaline resistance, owing to the incorporation of positively charged sulfonate groups. The flexible Zn-air batteries assembled with SA-FeCNS-800 and SLS@PVA-SSE exhibit long cycling life of for 85 h at 2 mA cm −2 and 37 h at 5 mA cm −2 . This study offers a sustainable and effective way to make high-performance catalysts and solid electrolytes for advanced flexible energy materials using renewable biomass.
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LANGMUIR
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2024
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IF 3.7
MengYao Lai,YaChao Wang,Fan Li,JiangPing Zhao
Through the substitution reaction between 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) and sodium lignosulfonate (LS), a novel phosphorus-containing sodium lignosulfonate (DAL) was successfully synthesized via the solvothermal method and used as a multifunctional flame retardant to prepare a novel silicone-acrylic emulsion (SAE) composite Si–P–C coating. The structure of DAL was determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and nuclear magnetic resonance (solid-state 13C NMR and 31P NMR). The results demonstrated that incorporating an appropriate dosage of DAL (0.9 g, 1.5 wt %) into SAE-based composite coatings enhances flame retardancy and reduces heat release and smoke production during burning. The peak heat release rate (p-HRR) decreases from 236.7 to 120.3 kW·m–2, total smoke production (TSP) decreases by 71.1%, and the flame-retardant index increases from 1.00 to 4.58. Meanwhile, the coating is transformed into a dense and nonflammable vitreous polyphosphate barrier layer during the firing process to prevent heat or mass transfer. Furthermore, the pyrolysis kinetics identify that the 3D Z–L–T model governs the coatings’ pyrolysis, and the appropriate DAL makes the pyrolysis Eα climb from 300.98 to 331.30 kJ·mol–1 at 358–439 °C. Hence, this study presents a new synthesis method of multifunctional flame retardant DAL, studies the excellent properties and cross-linking mechanism of DAL-doped SAE-composite Si–P–C coatings, and explores a halogen-free, low-carbon, and clean eco-technology strategy.
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PubMed
高影响因子
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
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2024
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IF 6.3
Jinhan Lu,Xuan Sun,Zhilin Chen,Peng Jiang,Luming Li,Maohai Wang
The flammability of wood composite materials inevitably limits its broadly applications, inspired by the sandwich structure, we propose an intumescent flame-retardant vinyl acetate-ethylene based adhesive reinforced by melamine amino trimethyl phosphate and sodium lignosulfonate compounds (IFRs), then being incorporated in adhesive layer to prepare fire-proofing plywood. The formaldehyde-free adhesive incorporated with 23 wt% IFRs in plywood (FR plywood) resulted in a significant reduction in the peak heat release rate (pHRR, −51 %) and a great delay in time to pHRR (219 s) compared with that of the sample neat plywood. Additionally, the shear strength and bending strength of sample FR plywood present significant increase of 150 % and 73 %, respectively, compared to that of the neat plywood. By incorporating the IFRs into the plywood adhesive layers, low-flammability gasses can be released under heat to dilute flammable volatile gasses together with the wood decomposition in the gaseous phase, simultaneously, generated polyphosphoric acids to facilitate the charring of wood under heat, leading to a cohesive and dense phospho-carbonaceous structure in the condensed phase. Thus, this work provides an efficient and simple strategy to prepare fire-proofing plywood with excellent mechanical performance, is worth commercializing in plywood industry.
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Polymers
·
2023
·Vol. 15
·期 23
·4515
·
IF 5
Wenjuan Wu,Penghui Li,Wanting Su,Zifei Yan,Xinyan Wang,Siyu Xu,Yumeng Wei,Caiwen Wu
Using agricultural and forestry wastes as raw materials, adsorbent materials were prepared for dye adsorption in wastewater, which can minimize the environmental load and fully realize sustainability by treating waste with waste. Taking lignosulfonate as a raw material, due to its molecular structure having more reactive groups, it is easy to form composite materials via a chemical oxidation reaction with an aniline monomer. After that, using a sodium lignosulfonate/polyaniline composite as the precursor, the activated high-temperature pyrolysis process is used to prepare porous carbon materials with controllable morphology, structure, oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen content, which opens up a new way for the preparation of functional carbon materials. When the prepared O-N-S co-doped activated carbon materials (SNC) were used as adsorbents, the adsorption study of cationic dye methylene blue was carried out, and the removal rate of SNC could reach up to 99.53% in a methylene blue solution with an initial concentration of 100 mg/L, which was much higher than that of undoped lignocellulosic carbon materials, and the kinetic model conformed to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The adsorption equilibrium amount of NC (lignosulfonate-free) and SNC reached 478.30 mg/g and 509.00 mg/g, respectively, at an initial concentration of 500 mg/L, which was consistent with the Langmuir adsorption isothermal model, and the adsorption of methylene blue on the surface of the carbon material was a monomolecular layer. The adsorption of methylene blue dye on the carbon-based adsorbent was confirmed to be a spontaneous and feasible adsorption process by thermodynamic parameters. Finally, the adsorption of SNC on methylene blue, rhodamine B, Congo red, and methyl orange dyes were compared, and it was found that the material adsorbed cationic dyes better. Furthermore, we also studied the adsorption of SNC on different kinds of heavy metal ions and found that its adsorption selectivity is better for Cr3+and Pb2+ions.Keywords:lignin;PANI;carbon;adsorption;dye
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高影响因子
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
·
2016
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IF 5.267
Ying Pan,Jing Zhan,Haifeng Pan,Wei Wang,Gang Tang,Lei Song,Yuan Hu
A fully biobased coating containing chitosan (CS) and lignosulfonate (LS) was facilely fabricated on the surface of flexible polyurethane foam (FPUF) using layer-by-layer assembly method. The CS/LS based coatings were successfully deposited on the substrate, as demonstrated by UV–vis absorption spectroscopy, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Subsequently, the different bilayers of the coatings were applied to enhance the thermal stability, fire resistance, and mechanical properties of FPUFs. It was found that the thermal degradation of coated FPUF under nitrogen atmosphere was obviously retarded compared with the pure FPUF. Furthermore, an eight-bilayer CS/LS based coating significantly improved the fire resistance of FPUF, as evidenced by the remarkable reduction (42%) of peak heat release rate. Meanwhile, the mechanical property of coated FPUF was improved. After the FPUF was covered with the eight-bilayer coating, the tensile strength was increased from 0.17 to 0.19 MPa compared with pure FPUF.
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