CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2026
·
IF 12.5
Fengyi Lu,Zheng Zhang,Xiaoying Tian,Qiongyao Su,Jinyang Li,Liangfang Zhu,Changwei Hu
Valorization of abundant biomass-derived cellulose into initial platform chemicals (IPCs) generally suffers from low process efficiency due to the difficulty in dissolution of recalcitrant cellulose that owns complex inter‐/intra-molecular hydrogen-bond network in structure. Herein, a coupled strategy of formylation-driven cellulose dissolution and regeneration is successfully established to break the trade-off between process efficiency and concentration barrier for reliable production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), an important IPC, from high-loading cellulose. This strategy initiates from the formylation of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) in an anhydrous deep eutectic solvent (DES) composed of zinc bromide (ZnBr 2 ) and formic acid (FA), which allows the deconstruction of pristine hydrogen-bond network and re-construction to formylated cellulose (FC) with a maximum formyl substitution of 1.67. The subsequent regeneration of FC from water or ethanol causes the transformation of cellulose from type I to type II with smaller polymerization degree and crystallinity, thereby enabling the improvement of solubility and reactivity of regenerated FC (RFC) in water for the subsequent AlCl 3 -catalyzed conversion to HMF. A distinguished space-time yield of 231.1 g·L −1 ·h −1 with a high HMF yield of 63.9 mol% has been achieved from RFC (25.0 wt % in water phase) in a low-boiling biphasic 1,4-dioxane/NaCl-H 2 O solvent, which is so far the highest process efficiency achieved in cellulose-to-HMF conversion. It exemplifies an advance in high-efficient production of IPCs from renewable cellulose feedstock by breaking the concentration barrier for future biomass refinery.
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Biochar
·
2026
·Vol. 8
·期 1
·91
·
IF 15.1
Hu Jinye,Wang Yunpu,Jiang Haiwei,Wu Jiabo,Luo Ting,Wang Qi,Hu Yuhang,Hu Kaisong,Zhou Wenguang,Fan Liangliang
Bio-oil from pyrolysis of microalgal biomass tends to exhibit high oxygen and nitrogen content, which is challenging for the commercial application of algae-based fuels. This study started with wet torrefaction of Chlorella to improve its fuel properties, and then Zeolite Socony Mobile-5 (HZSM-5) was used to synthesize HZSM-5 coated biochar (HZSM-5@biochar) catalyst for catalytic pyrolysis. During the process, up to 96.06% of aromatics with benzene, toluene and xylene (BTX) selectivity of 83.24% and a yield of 94.64 mg g −1 was obtained under specific conditions (wet torrefaction at 200 °C, pyrolysis at 500 °C, catalyst-to-feedstock ratio of 20:1). Meanwhile, the content of oxygenates and nitrogenates was reduced from 82.14% under non-catalytic condition to 3.26%. The catalytic conversion pathway was hypothesized by catalytic experiments with model compounds. The transformation process of oxygen- and nitrogen-containing functional groups was probed by XPS and in situ DRIFTS to help elucidate the deoxygenation and denitrogenation mechanism during the catalytic pyrolysis of Chlorella . Besides, the excellent stability of HZSM-5@biochar was demonstrated by six-cycle experiments. The composite catalyst also showed lower yield of coke (0.33%) with less aromaticity after a single use compared to HZSM-5, whose coke yield was 1.87%. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed that compared to HZSM-5@biochar, the used HZSM-5 formed more amorphous components suspected to be coke. Graphical
The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.
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Journal of Energy Chemistry
·
2026
·
IF 15.6
Yifei Ye,Zhuoshen Huang,Hao Pan,Zhaokun Wang,Wei Xia,Guangtong Hai,Ge Wang,Xiubing Huang
Transition metal oxyhydroxides are crucial for the electrochemical oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), though the co-adsorption and activation mechanisms of HMF and hydroxyl species require further clarification. This study designs cerium-doped Co-based layered double hydroxide (LDH) arrays, including 3%Ce-Co 3 Fe 1− x Al x -LDH/NF, to investigate Fe as a secondary active center and the role of Ce–O–TM (Transition metal) bridges in regulating HMF/OH − adsorption. Theoretical calculations indicate that Ce–O–TM bridges induce f – p – d gradient orbital coupling, optimizing HMF/OH − adsorption configurations and facilitating the HMF oxidation reaction (HMFOR). Synchrotron radiation characterization and in situ Raman spectroscopy reveal that Fe enhances electronic interaction between Ce and Co/Fe sites, strengthening the stability of M–O bonds, suppressing metal dissolution, and further optimizing reactant adsorption. Fe doping also modulates charge distribution and accelerates charge transfer. The optimized 3%Ce-Co 3 Fe 1 -LDH/NF delivers industrial current density (0.1 A cm −2 ) at 1.44 V RHE , with 98.1% HMF conversion, 99.6% FDCA yield, and 99.8% Faradaic efficiency. In an anion exchange membrane (AEM) electrolyzer, it achieves 0.5 A cm −2 at 2.1 V while maintaining high stability across 0.1–0.5 A cm −2 . These results provide an effective strategy for designing high-performance HMFOR catalysts through electronic structure modulation.
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APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
·
2026
·
IF 3.5
Zhou Jianguo,Jiang Yanjun,He Ying,Ma Li,Yue Xiaoyang,Zhou Liya,Liu Guanhua,Zheng Xiaobing
Nucleoside analogues play a crucial role in antiviral and anticancer drug synthesis. Owing to their high catalytic efficiency and substrate specificity, nucleoside 2′-deoxyribosyltransferases (NDTs) emerge as promising biocatalysts for nucleoside analogue synthesis. However, wild-type NDTs suffer from low yields in synthesizing halogen-substituted 2′-deoxypyrimidine nucleosides due to steric hindrance from halogen substituents in the active pocket and competitive product hydrolysis. Herein we identify an NDT from Bacillus haynesii ( Bh NDT) via sequence screening and introduce an E56T/D60A ( Bh NDT-M2) double mutation to disrupt the salt bridges and increase structural flexibility, thereby widening the active pocket and enhancing catalytic activity. The Bh NDT-M2 mutant displays markedly improved activity and efficiency for synthesizing 5-fluoro-2′-deoxyuridine (FdUrd), achieving 62% of yield under 20 mM substrate, which is twice that of the wild-type. In addition, we find that high substrate concentration can bring an unexpected inhibitory effect on hydrolytic side reactions, which further improve the catalytic performance of Bh NDT-M2, achieving a 55% yield of under 150 mM substrate. The Bh NDT-M2 also exhibits high substrate specificity toward a range of 2′-deoxypyrimidine nucleoside analogues. To facilitate practical applications, Bh NDT-M2 is immobilized onto an amino-functionalized resin, and the resulting immobilized enzyme shows excellent reusability, with only 20% loss of activity after eight cycles. Collectively, these properties establish Bh NDT-M2 as a promising biocatalyst and lay the foundation for large-scale nucleoside analogue synthesis. Graphical The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.
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INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
·
2026
·Vol. 65
·期 33
·17553-17569
·
IF 3.9
Shi Ketao,Tang Ningjing,Xu Zhen,Zhu Youbing,Gong Ruidi,Jiao Nianming,Wang Hui
Bifunctional dehydrogenation-cracking
metal/zeolite catalysts
are
promising for the production of light olefins from alkanes, but their
activation commonly relies on high-temperature calcination. This conventional
activation can induce metal migration and aggregation, damage the
zeolite framework, reduce micropore accessibility, and alter the acid-site
distribution, thereby compromising the dehydrogenation-cracking synergy.
Herein, ion-exchanged Ag/ZSM-5 catalysts were activated by dielectric
barrier discharge (DBD) plasma as a mild alternative to thermal calcination
for nitrate removal and Ag-site reconstruction. Plasma activation
could effectively remove nitrate precursors while better preserving
the crystallinity, micropore accessibility, and acidity of ZSM-5.
More importantly, it suppressed Ag migration and aggregation, increased
the fraction of highly dispersed Ag + species associated
with exchange sites, and promoted a more favorable Brønsted/Lewis
acid balance. As a result, the plasma-activated Ag/ZSM-5 catalysts
exhibited enhanced catalytic performance in n -hexane
cracking, with higher selectivity to light olefins. At a low Ag loading,
the plasma-activated catalyst delivered a light-olefin selectivity
of 50.7% after 6 h of reaction, higher than those of the calcined
counterpart (46.8%) and parent ZSM-5 (34.7%). Meanwhile, it showed
slower deactivation during the 6 h fixed-bed reaction, together with
lower tendencies toward hydrogen transfer, aromatics formation, and
coke deposition.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2025
·
IF 13.2
Xia Jiang,Ziheng Ding,Wenhua Zhang,Zhicheng Jiang,Bi Shi
Electrocatalytic production of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) from 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is a sustainable and clean pathway for harvesting both value-added chemicals and green hydrogen (H 2 ). Herein, B, N doped porous carbon supporting Co (Co/BN-C) with abundant pyridinic N-B species was constructed via a one-pot method using chitosan as precursors, which was further applied for the paired electrocatalysis of an HMF oxidation reaction (HMFOR) and H 2 evolution reaction (HER). H 3 BO 4 as a templating agent could increase the specific surface area of the catalyst and expose more active sites for the HMFOR. Meanwhile, H 3 BO 4 also acted as a B source to dope heteroatoms in the carbon matrix, creating surface defects and thus improving electrical conductivity. Besides, B, N-doped carbon substrate induced the electron deficiency of Co nanoparticle, resulting in the strong adsorption of HMF on the catalyst surface via the interactions between the aldehyde group/furan ring of HMF and the catalyst. Consequently, the Co/BN-C catalyst exhibited remarkable performance with a high HMF conversion (> 99%) and selectivity to FDCA (> 98%) and remained high activity after 8 cycles.
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CATALYSIS LETTERS
·
2025
·Vol. 155
·期 7
·1-14
·
IF 2.4
Ren Xiaohong,Bao Zien,Wang Yong,Yu Xiaoqiang,Rong Zeming
To address the low hydrogenolysis efficiency of 4-O-5 bonds in lignin catalytic conversion, Ni-Pt/HZSM-5 bimetallic catalyst with a Ni/Pt molar ratio of 47:1 was developed using diphenyl ether (DPE) as a model compound. The results revealed that electron transfer from Ni to Pt induced a positive charge on the Ni surface, significantly enhancing its adsorption and activation capacity toward electron-rich 4-O-5 bonds. At 100 °C and 5 bar H 2 , the conversion of DPE reached 90.3% with 93.1% selectivity (phenol and benzene) and Ni-Pt/HZSM-5 retained stable over five cycles of use. When Ni-Pt/HZSM-5 was applied to pine sulfate lignin depolymerization at 220 °C and 5 bar H 2 , with yields of 12.9 wt% for phenol and 4-propylphenol and 16.3 wt% for methoxy phenolic compounds. Overall, this study would promote the application and development of high-efficiency bimetallic catalysts for the production of valuable chemicals from biomass. Graphical
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Journal of Analysis and Testing
·
2026
·
IF 9.4
Su Jin-yuan,Cai Shuai,Wang Xi-xi,Cui Yuan-yuan,Yang Cheng-xiong
In this work, we present the synthesis of a pillar[5]arene-based microporous organic network (MON) and its combination with magnetic microspheres to construct novel MP[5]A-MON composites for efficient magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) of four phthalate esters (PAEs) from complex samples. The designed MP[5]A-MON composites integrate the advantages of Fe 3 O 4 , pillar[5]arene macrocycles, and MON networks, providing multiple interaction sites, including host-guest, π–π stacking, and hydrophobic interactions, along with rapid magnetic separation (< 15 s) for PAE extraction. Under optimized conditions, the established MP[5]A-MON-MSPE-HPLC-UV method demonstrates wide linear ranges (0.5–1000 µg/L), low limits of detection (0.15–0.75 µg/L), high enrichment factors (94.9–97.1), minimal adsorbent consumption (4 mg), and a short extraction time (6 min). This study not only pioneers a new category of MON materials but also highlights the potential of pillar[n]arene-based MONs in the enrichment and separation of environmental contaminants.
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Chemical Engineering and Processing-Process Intensification
·
2026
·
IF 4.2
Haodong Chu,Mengdi Li,Weichen Zhao,Qingmao Yang,Chun Shen,Tianwei Tan
Production of 5-chloromethylfurfural (CMF) from fructose conducted in two-liquid phase system has achieved a considerable CMF yield. However, correlation between extraction process and CMF yield has not been reported yet. Herein, we found quantitative relation between interfacial specific area ( a ), extraction efficiency of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) (E HMF ),a significant precursor of CMF and selectivity of CMF (S CMF ) in the microreactor. First, we systematically investigated the impact of flow rate ratio of two phases ( F C /F D ), total fluid velocity ( u ) and residence time on S CMF and E HMF . It turned out that both F C /F D and u had a significant impact on S CMF and E HMF . In addition, both u and F C /F D had a significant impact on interfacial specific area ( a ). As u varied, we fitted and observed a linear relation between u & a (R 2 =0.994), a & E HMF (R 2 =0.997) and E HMF & S CMF (R 2 =0.999). It indicated that CMF selectivity could be controlled by HMF extraction under certain conditions. Based on these results, we proposed a strategy for obtaining high CMF productivity from fructose in the microreactor. 93.9% CMF yield (11 g/L fructose concentration) and 89.9% CMF yield (110 g/L fructose concentration) were obtained. To the best of our knowledge, this work first proposes coordination between reaction and extraction in CMF production.
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Surfaces and Interfaces
·
2026
·
IF 6
Mengxue Sun,Qing Sun,Jiawei Sheng
The development of efficient and stable catalysts for peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation is essential for the removal of persistent pharmaceutical pollutants such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). In this work, a novel, economical, and facile one-step molten salt synthesis strategy is developed to simultaneously etch the MAX phase (Mo 2 TiAlC 2 ) and in-situ anchor multiple cobalt-active species, leading to the direct formation of multi-interfacial Co/Mo-carbide/oxide hybrids. By employing a CaCl 2 /CoCl 2 molten salt system at 800 °C—which acts as both etchant and reaction medium—selective delamination of Al layers is achieved to produce Mo 2 TiC 2 MXene nanosheets, while catalytically active phases (Mo 3 Co 3 C, Co, and Mo 2 C) are generated in situ. Comprehensive characterization confirms the successful construction of abundant heterogeneous interfaces among these phases. The unique multi-interfacial architecture synergistically enhances electron transfer and exposes numerous active sites, thereby enabling highly efficient PMS activation. As a result, the hybrid catalyst exhibits exceptional performance in degrading 5-FU, with high degradation efficiency and rapid reaction kinetics. Radical quenching tests and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analyses reveal that both radical (SO 4 • − , •OH, O 2 • − ) and non-radical ( 1 O 2 ) pathways act synergistically in the degradation process. This study offers a green and efficient “forging” strategy for designing MXene-derived composites with tunable compositions and interfaces. It not only avoids the use of fluorides but also introduces CaCl 2 as a novel molten salt etchant, demonstrating great potential for advanced oxidation processes and other applications.
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MOLECULAR PHARMACEUTICS
·
2026
·
IF 4.5
Wenqian Bai,Miaomiao Li,Junyao Li,Wenrong Cai,Yong Kong,Haiying Chen
A vitamin K3 (VK3)-loaded metal–organic framework (Cu/ZIF-8/VK3) was synthesized by a one-pot method. After the coencapsulation of Cu/ZIF-8/VK3 and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in the hyaluronate acid (HA)/carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) hydrogels formed via an amidation reaction, a drug-controlled release system (Cu/ZIF-8/VK3/5-FU/HA/CMCS) was obtained. In the weakly acidic media, the amide bonds in the HA/CMCS hydrogels are prone to be hydrolyzed, resulting in the release of 5-FU and Cu/ZIF-8/VK3; and the Cu/ZIF-8/VK3 is further degraded in the acidic environment, leading to the release of VK3 and Cu2+. The released Cu2+ can be reduced by glutathione (GSH) to Cu+, which can react with intracellular H2O2 to produce cytotoxic hydroxyl radicals (·OH) for chemodynamic therapy (CDT). On the other hand, H2O2 can be replenished through the redox cycling of VK3 in the presence of NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1), generating stable ·OH for enhanced CDT. Cytotoxicity assay demonstrates that the developed drug-controlled release system has excellent biocompatibility, which can effectively inhibit the growth of mouse breast tumor cells 4T1 due to the synergistic chemotherapy and enhanced CDT.
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APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE
·
2026
·
IF 6.6
Mingli Yue,Zhikuan Feng,Long Gao,Ying Fu,Fei Ye
Drug delivery systems utilize micro-nanomaterials as drug carriers, encapsulating drugs within micro-nanoparticles and releasing them to target tissues or cells via specific pathways. This technology enhances drug stability, prolongs drug retention time in the body, and reduces damage to healthy tissues. This study successfully synthesized novel carbon-doped zinc oxide (C/ZnO) micro-nanomaterials and employed polydopamine (PDA) for surface modification, resulting in the construction of C/ZnO/PDA carriers. Experimental results demonstrate that PDA modification significantly enhances the drug delivery performance of the material. This composite material exhibits a 5-Fu loading efficiency of 37.8%, representing a 1.15-fold increase compared to unmodified C/ZnO. In vitro release tests demonstrate sustained drug release characteristics, showing a 1.62-fold increase over the unmodified system. In addition, these medicine particles significantly enhanced the indicators of antibacterial and bactericidal efficacy. In vitro cell experiments also confirmed that the drug carrier can enhance the lethality of the drug against HepG2 cells. Research on the binding energy between the carrier and the drug revealed that PDA modification promotes drug-carrier binding, resulting in more stable overall adsorption. These findings demonstrate the potential application value of micro-nanoparticle-based targeted drug delivery systems in disease prevention and treatment.
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