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The ecological environment and public safety are seriously threatened by the typical phenolic contaminant hydroquinone (HQ). Here, using a straightforward physical mixing technique, we created an n - n heterojunction by uniformly immobilizing cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanoparticles on the surface of a three-dimensionally layered, flower-like structure made of tin sulfide (SnS 2 ). Then, as photosensitizers , carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were added to the CdS/SnS 2 complex to create a type-II heterostructure of CdS/SnS 2 /CNTs with synergistic effects. Subsequently, the detector HQ was bound to the modified photoelectrodes , which was accompanied by the hole oxidation of the bound HQ, leading to a significant increase in the photocurrent signal, thus allowing specific and sensitive detection of HQ. Under optimized detection conditions, the proposed photoelectrochemical sensor shows a wide detection range of 0.2 to 100 μM for HQ with a detection limit as low as 0.1 μM. The high accuracy of the sensor was demonstrated by comparison with the detection results of UV–vis spectrophotometry . In addition, the photoelectrochemical sensor exhibits good reproducibility, stability, selectivity , and specificity, providing a light-driven method to detect HQ.
The signal crosstalk and electromagnetic interference (EMI) problems direly need to be resolved in the rapid development of modern microwave communication technology for a better working frequency and transmission power of electronic systems. Where the new absorbing materials such as molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 )/titania (TiO 2 )/Ti 2 CT x and MoS 2 /Ti 2 CT x composites could meet the requirement of “thin, strong, light weight, and wide band” for excellent absorbing performance. In this work, a lighter Ti 2 CT x material was selected as the matrix, and MoS 2 was in-situ grown on Ti 2 CT x matrix by traditional hydrothermal method and microwave solvothermal method. The fabricated composite exhibited synergic effect of two-dimensional heterostructural interface and double dielectric elements, where a small amount of TiO 2 and a certain proportion of MoS 2 jointly improve the impedance matching of the composite material. In here, the extreme reflection loss (RL min ) can reach − 54.70 dB (with a frequency of 7.59 GHz, 3.39 mm thickness), and the maximum effective absorption bandwidth (EAB max ) can reach 4 GHz. Polyethylene glycol 200 was used as the solvent instead of water to make Ti 2 CT x less oxidized during the composite process, where the microwave heating would attain fast speed, short time, high efficiency, and uniform product. Since, the MoS 2 /Ti 2 CT x composite without oxidizing possessed a wider effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) at a thinner thickness, thus resulting in the excellent microwave absorption performance and confirming the validity and rationality of new microwave absorption materials.
Sulfurous and nitrogenous oxides, including NO x and SO 2 , and the generated substances NO x - and SO 3 2- widely exist in air and water as pollutants and thus are difficult to control in the environment. In this study, we designed a novel photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) system for the efficient conversion of SO 2 and NO x in mixed gases and NO x - and SO 3 2- in wastewater to N 2 and SO 4 2- , respectively, by activating SO 3 2- to form SO 3 • - . The key ideas include the conversion of SO 3 2- from SO 2 and efficient activation of SO 3 2- into SO 3 • - and further conversion into SO 4 • - by the MoS 2 /Fe 2 O 3 photoanode. Simultaneously, NO 3 - /NO 2 - originating from NO x was rapidly reduced to NH 4 + on the CuNW@CF cathode. Ultimately, the generated NH 4 + was selectively oxidized to N 2 by SO 4 • - and SO 4 • - was reduced to SO 4 2- . The results indicated that 99.9 % of TN was removed and 100 % of SO 3 2- was converted to harmless SO 4 2- . This study provides new insights into the treatment of sulfurous and nitrogenous oxides in air and water.
The electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity of transition metal sulfide heterojunctions are significantly increased when compared with that of a single component, but the mechanism behind the performance enhancement and the preparation of catalysts with specific morphologies still need to be explored. Here, we prepared a Co9S8/MoS2heterojunction with microsphere morphology consisting of thin nanosheets using a facile two-step method. There is electron transfer between the Co9S8and MoS2of the heterojunction, thus realizing the redistribution of charge. After the formation of the heterojunction, the density of states near the Fermi surface increases, thed-band center of the transition metal moves downward, and the adsorption of both water molecules and hydrogen by the catalyst are optimized. As a result, the overpotential of Co9S8/MoS2is superior to that of most relevant electrocatalysts reported in the literature. This work provides insight into the synergistic mechanisms of heterojunctions and their morphological regulation.Keywords:heterojunction;thin nanosheets;Co9S8;MoS2;electrocatalyst;hydrogen evolution reaction
With the simple perovskite structure, Bi 2 WO 6 could be utilized as a modifier to overcome the low visible light response of the wide energy band photocatalyst ZnS. Flower-like Bi 2 WO 6 was simply synthesized by hydrothermal method and Bi 2 WO 6 /ZnS heterojunction was constructed via solvothermal reaction. The results showed that ZnS nanospheres were uniformly loaded on the flower-like structure, which was well kept under low concentration loading (≤20%ωt ZnS). The degradation of MB and Rh.B under visible light was used to measure the photocatalytic activity of the photocatalysts. The degradation rates of MB and Rh.B by 20%ωt-Bi 2 WO 6 /ZnS were as high as 94.3% and 92.8%, respectively. Moreover, the degradation performance of photocatalyst still maintained 89.3% after 4 times recycling tests. The visible light absorption ability of modified ZnS was improved, and the recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes was inhibited due to the formation of heterojunction. According to the data from density functional theory calculation, the composition of the valence band and conductive band of the Bi 2 WO 6 /ZnS system has been altered. The band gap of Bi 2 WO 6 /ZnS was reduced by roughly 1.12 eV compared to that of pure ZnS, and the work function analysis were in good agreement with the experimental results. Under light stimulation, electrons were transferred from Bi 2 WO 6 to ZnS to produce superoxide radicals which played key roles in the degradation reaction of dyes.
Background Sulfamethoxazole (SMX), as a widely used antibiotic, has been frequently detected in various environments. The accumulation of SMX in water has posed potential risk to the biology and human health. Advanced oxidation technology (AOPs) is an effective method to remove refractory organic pollutants, which has drawn great attention in recent years. Methods Magnetic MnFe 2 O 4 /MoS 2 nanocomposites were synthesized by a two-step hydrothermal method, and characterized with different physicochemical methods. The catalytic performance and mechanism of MnFe 2 O 4 /MoS 2 were studied by the degradation of SMX under peroxisate (PMS) condition. Significant findings The catalytic performance of MnFe 2 O 4 /MoS 2 nanocomposites was superior to that of individual MnFe 2 O 4 or MoS 2 due to the cyclic effect of Fe(II)/Fe(III) and Mn(II)/Mn(III) occurred in the interfaces of MnFe 2 O 4 /MoS 2 . The degradation efficiency of SMX reached 99.1% within 15 min at room temperature, and the catalytic system can maintain a high degradation efficiency in a wide pH range of 3.0 ∼ 9.0. EPR and radical burst experiments showed the main active species of the MnFe 2 O 4 /MoS 2 –3/PMS reaction system were SO 4 •- and • OH radicals. Furthermore, the catalyst exhibits superparamagnetic properties and good stability to enable its recycle and reuse.
Hypothesis Despite that the development of Cu 2 SnS 3 (CTS) catalyst has attracted increasing interests, few study has reported to investigate its heterogeneous catalytic degradation of organic pollutants in a Fenton-like process. Furthermore, the influence of Sn components towards Cu (II)/Cu (I) redox cycling in CTS catalytic systems remains a fascinating research. Experiments In this work, a series of CTS catalysts with controlled crystalline phases were prepared via a microwave-assisted pathway and applied in the H 2 O 2 activation for phenol degradation. The efficiency of phenol degradation in CTS-1/H 2 O 2 system (CTS-1: the molar ratio of Sn (copper acetate) and Cu (tin dichloride) is determined to be Sn:Cu = 1:1) was systematically investigated by controlling various reaction parameters including H 2 O 2 dosage, initial pH and reaction temperature. We discovered that Cu 2 SnS 3 exhibited superior catalytic activity to the contrast monometallic Cu or Sn sulfides and Cu (I) acted as the dominant active sites. The higher Cu (I) proportions conduce to the higher catalytic activities of CTS catalysts. Quenching experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) further proved that the activation of H 2 O 2 by CTS catalyst produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequently leads to degradation of the contaminants. A reasonable mechanism of enhanced H 2 O 2 activation in Fenton-like reaction of CTS/H 2 O 2 system was proposed for phenol degradation by investigating the roles of copper, tin and sulfur species. Findings The developed CTS acted as a promising catalyst in Fenton-like oxidation progress for phenol degradation. Importantly, the copper and tin species contribute to a synergetic effect for the promotion of Cu (II)/Cu (I) redox cycle, which thus enhanced the activation of H 2 O 2 . Our work may offer new insight on the facilitation of Cu (II)/Cu (I) redox cycle in Cu-based Fenton-like catalytic systems.
Herein, a unique mesoporous heterostructure (average pore size: 15 nm) cobalt disulfide/carbon nanofibers (CoS 2 /PCNFs) composite with excellent hydrophilicity (contact angle: 23.5°) is prepared using polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a pore-forming agent. The CoS 2 /PCNF electrode exhibits excellent cycle stability (95.2% of initial specific capacitance at 10 A·g −1 after 8000 cycles), good rate performance (46.5% at 10 A·g −1 ), and high specific capacity (86.1 mAh·g −1 at 1 A·g −1 , about 688.8 F·g −1 at 1 A·g −1 ). Density functional theory (DFT) simulation elucidates that CoS 2 tends to transfer substantial charges to CNF. As the center of positive charge, CoS 2 is more likely to capture negative ions in the electrolyte, thus accelerating the ion diffusion process. The excellent properties of the electrode material can not only accelerate the electrochemical reaction kinetics, but also provide abundant redox-active sites and a high Faradaic capacity for the entire electrode due to the synergistic contributions of CoS 2 nanoparticles, mesoporous heterostructure of PCNF, and admirable hydrophilicity of the composite material. A CoS 2 /PCNF-0.25//AC (AC: activated carbon) asymmetric supercapacitor is assembled using CoS 2 /PCNF-0.25 as the positive electrode and AC as the negative electrode, which possesses a high energy density (35.5 Wh·kg −1 at a power density of 824 W·kg −1 ) and superior cycling stability (maintaining over 98% of initial capacitance after 2000 cycles). In addition, the unique CoS 2 /PCNF electrode is expected to be widely used in other electrochemical energy storage devices, such as lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, etc.
The traditional semiconductor photocatalysts for solving the related environmental aggravation are often challenged by the recombination of photogenerated carriers. Designing an S-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst is one of the keys to tackling its practical application problems. This paper reports an S-scheme AgVO 3 /Ag 2 S heterojunction photocatalyst constructed via a straightforward hydrothermal approach that exhibits outstanding photocatalytic degradation performances to the organic dye Rhodamine B (RhB) and antibiotic Tetracycline hydrochloride (TC-HCl) driven by visible light. The results show that AgVO 3 /Ag 2 S heterojunction with a molar ratio of 6:1 (V6S) possesses the highest photocatalytic performances, 99% of RhB can be almost degraded by 0.1 g/L V6S within 25 min light illumination, and about 72% of TC-HCl can be photodegraded with the act of 0.3 g/L V6S under 120 min light irradiation. Meanwhile, the AgVO 3 /Ag 2 S system exhibits superior stability and maintains high photocatalytic activity after 5 repeated tests. Moreover, the EPR measurement and radical capture test identify that superoxide radicals and hydroxyl radicals mainly contribute to the photodegradation process. The present work demonstrates that constructing an S-scheme heterojunction can effectively inhibit the recombination of carriers, providing insights into the fabrication of applied photocatalysts for practical wastewater purification treatment.
The solar-driven interfacial evaporation system has attracted much attention in recent years because it avoids dissipating a large amount of energy into the bulk water. As one of the photothermal materials in solar-driven interfacial evaporation system, wood has been widely applied due to its excellent properties, such as lower density, open micropores, capillary-induced hydrophilic nature, and low thermal conductivity. However, the complex processing technology and relatively low efficiency of wood-based photothermal materials limit their application. Herein, to solve these problems, solvothermal and immersion treatment methods by depositing tin sulfide and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been demonstrated. The solar absorption rate of wood-SnS-AgNPs is higher than 98% in a wide wavelength range (200–2,500 nm). Results demonstrate that an evaporation rate of 1.53 kg m −2 h −1 and evaporation efficiency (90.12%) are achieved under 1-sun illumination (100 mW cm −2 ). The harsh environmental test indicates that the solar-driven interfacial evaporation system based on wood-SnS-AgNPs has excellent structural stability and purification ability of seawater.
Electrochromic smart windows provide an important route to reduce building energy consumption by dynamically adjusting the transmission of visible and near-infrared light. However, the requirement for an external electrical supply greatly limits their application in energy-saving buildings. Herein, we develop a novel photovoltaic (PV) cell-powered electrochromic energy storage smart window prototype by the combination of nickel-cobalt bimetal oxide electrochromic window and Cu 2 ZnSn(S,Se) 4 (CZTSSe) solar cell, which not only realizes the function integration of self-power and intelligent solar radiation regulation, but also extends its function to energy storage. Specifically, the obtained NiCoO 2 electrochromic films display a large optical modulation (60.0% at 550 nm), fast switching time (7.6/11.4 s), outstanding stability and excellent rate capability. Based on the achieved NiCoO 2 film and TiO 2 film, high-performance electrochromic energy storage smart windows (EESW) were further assembled and demonstrated excellent compatibility with CZTSSe solar cell. Benefiting from the unique merits of CZTSSe cell, the self-powered EESW exhibits excellent optical modulation (56.0% at 550 nm) and fast coloration speed (17 s). Moreover, the self-powered EESW can serve as a power source to drive external electronics. Our exploration of multi-functional smart windows offers an effective strategy to realize a highly efficient low-energy building in the future.
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