JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B
·
2021
·
IF 2.991
Jinxia Wang,Xiangyue Liu,Hongwei Xie,Huayi Yin,Qiushi Song,Zhiqiang Ning
The magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) effect was usually used to improve the mass transport during electrodeposition in a solution electrolyte. Herein, we reported the effect of a magnetic field on the electrode process of Al electrodeposition in a [Emim]Cl-AlCl3 ionic liquid composed of pure ions. Under a uniform and perpendicular magnetic field to the Cu electrode plane, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) of the circuit, the cyclic voltammetry (CV) curves, and the different capacitances at the potential of zero charge (PZC) were measured, and the electrodeposition of aluminum was carried out at a constant current density. The results indicated that a vertical magnetic field significantly reduced the resistance (activation energy) for charge transfer of electrochemical reduction of Al2Cl7–; meanwhile, the capacitance of an electric double layer (EDL) and the density of the electrodeposited aluminum layer were increased.
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JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY
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2021
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IF 5.302
Zetan Liu,Jingkun Xu,Xiaoqing Xi,Ji Zhou
Ti 2 AlN powders were synthesized through molten salt method and re-calcination process using TiH 2 , Al and TiN powders as raw materials at 1100 ℃. The composition of final composite was directly influenced by the initial Al and TiH 2 content in the starting mixture. The purity of the synthesized Ti 2 AlN powder could reach 97.1 wt% when the Al molar ratio was 1.05. Then high strength Ti 2 AlN ceramics were successfully prepared in different modes, including two forms of pulse electric current sintering (PECS/SPS) and hot-pressing sintering (HP). A record-high flexural strength of 719 MPa was obtained for the PECS/SPS with an electrical insulating die (PECS/SPS II) sintered sample, based on the synthesized powder in which the initial molar ratio of Al was 1.1. The sintering behaviors in various modes were analyzed, confirming the shrinkage of particles starting at lower temperature in PECS/SPS II. The density, microstructure, Vickers hardness and elastic modulus of sintered ceramics were also investigated. Therefore, the present work provided the new methods about powder preparation and ceramic sintering of Ti 2 AlN, making it possible to be used as high strength structural ceramics .
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Small Methods
·
2021
·Vol. 5
·期 9
·2100491
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IF 14.188
Wending Pan,Jianjun Mao,Yifei Wang,Xiaolong Zhao,Kee Wah Leong,Shijing Luo,Yue Chen,Dennis Y. C. Leung
Aqueous Al–ion battery (AAIB) is regarded as a promising candidate for large-scale energy storage systems due to its high capacity, high safety, and low cost, with MnO 2 proved to be a high-performance cathode. However, the potential commercial application of this type of battery is plagued by the frequent structural collapse of MnO 2 . Herein, an in situ, electrochemically reformed, urchin-like Al x MnO 2 cathode is developed for water-in-salt electrolyte-based AAIBs. Benefiting from its unique α-MnO 2 coated Mn 2 AlO 4 structure, a high Al ion storage capacity is achieved together with a high discharge voltage plateau of 1.9 V by reversible MnO 2 electrolysis. Consequently, the battery exhibits a high specific capacity of 285 mAh g –1 and a high energy density of 370 Wh kg –1 at a high current density of 500 mA g –1 . Improved stability with record capacity retention is also obtained at an ultrahigh current density of 5 A g –1 after 500 cycles. Such a high-capacity and high-stability Al x MnO 2 cathode would pave the way for in situ electrochemical transformation of cathode design and thus boost the practical application of AAIBs.
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Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials
·
2021
·Vol. 4
·期 4
·957-965
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IF 5.693
Gao Hui,Li Jinrong,Liu Yanju,Leng Jinsong
The reliable and lightweight deployable solar arrays require the capability of large deformation for packaging and the ability to actively deform for deployment. To satisfy such demands, the shape memory polymer solar cells (SMPSCs) are fabricated and demonstrated in this paper by using flexible and conductive silver nanowire/shape memory copolyamide (AgNW/SMPI) composite film as the transparent substrates. The AgNW/SMPI composite film has good optical transparency (~73% at the wavelength of 450 ~ 1100 nm), smooth surfaces (average RMS: ~3.32 nm), good shape memory performances (shape fixation ratio > 98%, shape recovery ratio > 98%), and can maintain excellent conductivity (~10Ω/□) after mechanical deformations with large strain. Owing to the shape memory effect of the substrate, SMPSCs can be deformed into arbitrary shape and actively recover to the original shape upon heating. The power conversion efficiency of SMPSC (2.94%) is lower than that of ITO-based solar cells with the same structure (3.44%), due to the relatively lower optical transparency of SMPI. However, SMPSCs can maintain good photovoltaic performances after 50 bending-recovery cycles or few shape recovery cycles, demonstrating better flexibility and durability than ITO-based solar cells. The SMPSCs have the potential to be used in deployable solar arrays, and the transparent conductive SMPI film electrodes have the potential to be used in areas of sensors, medical probes, and displays. Graphical abstract
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高影响因子
HIGH PERFORMANCE POLYMERS
·
2021
·
IF 2.161
Zheng Xiao,Haitao Xu,Wenyue Liang,Binfang Wu,Yufeng Shi,Haidong Deng,Yubin Lan,Yongbing Long
A simple yet effective method based on methanol treatment is proposed to enhance the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of the photomultiplication type organic photodetector with a structure of Glass/ITO/PEDOT:PSS/P3H:PC71BM (100:1, wt./wt.)/Al. By modifying the PEDOT:PSS film surface with methanol, the EQE of photodetector significantly improved within a broad wavelength range of 300–700 nm. The maximum EQE of 25300% occurs at the wavelength of 350 nm in the methanol-treated device under −9 V bias, which more than doubles that (11500%) of the device without treatment. In addition, as a result of the methanol treatment, the detectivity of the device improved from 3.72 × 1012 to 7.24 × 1012 Jones at −9 V under 350 nm light illumination. The large improvement is attributed to the fact that the methanol treatment can improve the electrical performance of the PEDOT:PSS by removing the insulator PSS within the film and also result in PC71BM aggregations in the active layer. The latter can enhance the tunneling hole injection by the intensified energy-level bending, which is induced by both the trapped electrons in these aggregations and accumulated ones near Al electrode. As a result, the modification of both the PEDOT:PSS layer and the active layer increases the response current, resulting in the EQE improvement.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
·
2021
·
IF 5.816
Jinrui Guo,Jing Tian,Jinhua Deng,Xinyu Yang,Binghui Duan,Yong Liu
Electrochemical reduction and photocatalytic reduction of CO 2 have attracted more and more attention, but they also face the problem of low utilization efficiency of electricity and solar energy. In this study, a new strategy of applying a novel Al–Sn-CNTs composite in electrochemical corrosion process was proposed to reduce CO 2 without additional electricity and light. In the Al–Sn-CNTs/CO 2 system, micro galvanic cell with Al as anode and Sn or CNTs as cathode was formed, and CO 2 was reduced to formic acid on the cathode surface . The cumulative formic acid concentration of the Al–Sn-CNTs/CO 2 system achieved 21.18 mg/L within 60 min under the conditions of initial pH 9.0, Cl − concentration 10 mmol/L, and Al–Sn-CNTs composite dosage 2 g/L. Based on the morphology, crystal structure and electrochemical test results of the Al–Sn-CNTs composite, a possible mechanism of CO 2 reduction to formic acid in the Al–Sn-CNTs/CO 2 system was proposed.
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ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
·
2021
·
IF 6.901
Xiaoqing Bin,Yapeng Tian,Yangyang Luo,Minhao Sheng,Yijia Luo,Maomao Ju,Wenxiu Que
In order to obtain high-performance flexible electrodes for supercapacitors, the nitrogen-doped delaminated-Ti 3 C 2 T x (N-d-Ti 3 C 2 T x ) decorated with MoO x nanoparticles (N-d-Ti 3 C 2 T x /MoO x ) films are prepared by a one-step solvothermal method. The N-d-Ti 3 C 2 T x nanosheets with high conductivity can facilitate electron transfer during the charge and discharge process, and the MoO x nanoparticles can contribute to high pseudocapacitance. Hence, their combination is expected to not only inhibit N-d-Ti 3 C 2 T x nanosheets from re-stacking, but also enhance the specific capacity of the whole electrode. Here, benefiting from the synergistic effect of the two components, the obtained optimal flexible and free-standing N-d-Ti 3 C 2 T x /MoO x film electrode delivers an ultrahigh capacity of 341.0 C g −1 (920.6 C cm −3 , 487.1 F g −1 , 1315.2 F cm −3 ) at the scan rate of 2 mV s −1 , and shows superior capacity retention of 99.2% after 11000 cycles at the current density of 5 A g −1 . Moreover, the flexible and free-standing N-d-Ti 3 C 2 T x /MoO x film electrode is also beneficial to promote the development of flexible supercapacitors.
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DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS
·
2021
·
IF 3.315
Chaoyu Wang,Yishi Su,Qiubao Ouyang,Di Zhang
Finding out the effects of graphite (Gr) flake size on the properties of Gr (Graphene Nanoplatelet (GNP))/Al composites will be helpful to design and develop various Gr(GNP)/Al composites which need to meet different application requirements. In this work, thermal conductivity (TC) and flexural strength of Gr/Al and Gr(GNP)/Al composites with different Gr flake size were investigated. Through-plane TC of Gr/Al composites is about 50% of the results predicted by EMA model. However, after introducing GNP to Gr flakes, through-plane TC of Gr(GNP)/Al composites reaches about 90% of the results predicted by EMA model. When Gr flake size are 150, 500, 850 μm, respectively, the in-plane TC of Gr/Al composites can be improved by 8.5%, 6.4%, 5.4% after introducing GNP, while the through-plane TC of Gr/Al composites can be improved by 62%, 75%, 83%. So the introduction of GNP to the Gr flake is more effective in improving through-plane TC than in-plane TC. GNP's improvement ratio on the through-plane TC of Gr/Al composites increases with the increase of Gr flake size. Furthermore, as Gr flake size increases, GNP's improvement ratio on the flexural strength of Gr/Al composites increases, which is attributed to the increase of strengthening effect of GNP on the interface region.
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Materials Today Physics
·
2021
·
IF 9.298
Y. Wu,D. Lei,C. Wang
Lithium metal has been regarded as an ideal anode to meet the rapidly growing requirements on high energy density batteries , owing to their highest gravimetric capacity and their lowest redox potential . However, lithium metal batteries persistently suffer from serious issues, such as the unstable solid electrolyte layer and uncontrolled dendrite growth during plating/stripping, especially under high current density . Herein, we developed an innovative method to prepare dense LiAl 5 O 8 nanowires membrane and designed a LiAl 5 O 8 nanowires membrane/poly (vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene)-based gel polymer composite electrolyte (LPH-GPE) to address these issues. On the interface of LPH-GPE and lithium anode, uniformly dispersed aluminum is in situ generated by reducing LiAl 5 O 8 nanowires, which brings both superlithiophilic sites and uniform lithium ion flux, and thus enables the lithium ion depositing in plates rather than forming sharp lithium dendrites . The solid-state lithium/lithium symmetric cells with LPH-GPE exhibit significantly improved lifespan at 0.5 mA cm − 2 and short-circuit does not occur even at current density up to 4 mA cm − 2 .
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CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
·
2021
·
IF 4.527
Chunlan Li,Wensheng Liu,Tao Luo,Ming Cheng,Qiang Liu,Juan Wang,Shuwei Yao,Yunzhu Ma
The structure and spinnability of sol are essential for obtaining high-performance continuous alumina-based fibres. Herein, the surface electrostatic potential analysis and conventional experimental methods (X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, 27 Al nuclear magnetic resonance solution spectra and rheological methods) were combined to investigate and discuss the relationship between the structure and spinnability of aluminium carboxylate sols with different formic-acid-to-acetic-acid molar ratios. The results showed that the aluminium carboxylate sol structure changed with the formic-acid-to-acetic-acid molar ratio and greatly affected the sol's spinnability. The tetramer (AlO6 oligomer) products comprising two effective active carboxylate groups in the sol increased with the formic acid content, which helped form linear long-chain polymers. However, excess formic acid content led to a large increase of AlO6 monomer products that were unable to form linear long-chain polymers, which decreased the sol's spinnability. When the formic-acid-to-acetic-acid molar ratio was 1.15:0.85, the sol containing more AlO6 oligomer products had the best spinnability. Furthermore, α-Al 2 O 3 ceramic fibres with good morphology, small grains and uniform diameter distribution were obtained after calcination at 1200 °C.
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Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers
·
2021
·Vol. 8
·期 14
·3473-3481
·
IF 6.569
Mili Liu,Hui Liu,Kang Chen,Jiangyong Sun,Hui Wang,Jiangwen Liu,Liuzhang Ouyang
The potential of a multiphase Al–Li alloy with the unreported Al1.08Li1.92 phase for use as a hydrolytic material to produce hydrogen was studied. This alloy enabled rapid hydrogen release in a wide temperature range with robust hydrogen yield. It could produce 1496 ml H2 per g within merely 0.5 min at 299 K and release 1076 ml H2 per g in 0.5 min even at a subzero temperature of 243 K. The hydrogen production kinetics were confirmed with a chemical step and could be well controlled by tailoring the solution components of water/ethanol mixtures. Furthermore, the alloy showed good air-resistance ability, indicating its suitability for safe handling and transport in practical applications. Our results confirmed the excellent hydrogen production achieved using this Al-based generation system. It might shed light on the progress of hydrogen production technologies for commercial use.
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CHEMOSPHERE
·
2021
·
IF 7.086
Jialin Liang,Xiaojian Liao,Maoyou Ye,Zhijie Guan,Zhihua Mo,Xian Yang,Shaosong Huang,Shuiyu Sun
The stabilization and dewaterability of waste activated sludge (WAS) are essential factors for downstream disposal or reuse. Herein, two types of zero-valent metals, zero-valent iron (Fe 0 ) and zero-valent aluminum (Al 0 ), were compared for their ability to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) during the WAS conditioning process, with the effects of PMS activation by these two metals on WAS dewaterability and the potential environmental risks evaluated. Results showed that compared to Al 0 /PMS treatment, Fe 0 /PMS treatment achieved superior WAS dewaterability and reduced operational costs. Using PMS combined with Fe 0 and Al 0 treatments under optimal conditions, the water content (Wc) of dewatered sludge decreased to 55.7 ± 2.7 wt% and 59.4 ± 1.3 wt%, respectively. Meanwhile, application of the Fe 0 /PMS treatment system reduced the total annual cost by approximately 33.1%, compared to the Al 0 /PMS treatment. Analysis of the dewatering mechanism demonstrated that in the Fe 0 /PMS treatment, Fe 3+ /Fe 2+ flocculation played an important role in the enhancement of WAS dewatering, while sulfate radical ( S O 4 • − ) oxidation was the dominant factor for WAS dewaterability improvement in Al 0 /PMS treatment. The greater enhancement of WAS dewaterability by Fe 0 /PMS treatment, was mainly attributed to more efficient reduction of hydrophilic extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and an increase in surface charge neutralization. Environmental risk evaluation results indicated that Fe 0 /PMS and Al 0 /PMS treatments both effectively alleviated the environmental risks of heavy metals and faecal coliforms in dewatered sludge. Overall, this study proposes a novel perspective for the selection of an optimal PMS activator in sludge treatment .
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