POLYMER ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE
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2022
·Vol. 62
·期 12
·4214-4225
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IF 2.573
Wenrong Zhao,Ming Lu,Bin Wang,Xiaoqing Liu,Shuang Wang
The effect of iron-containing substances with different forms on the properties of carbon-black filled natural rubber compound is discussed. The ionic iron substances (FeCl 2 , FeCl 3 , Fe(SA) 3 ) have a detrimental effect on the rubber. Based on the oxidation induction temperature values, the relative deteriorating effects of ionic iron substances on the rubber are in the order: Fe(SA) 3 > FeCl 3 ≈ FeCl 2 . Not only are the metal ions (Fe 2+ , Fe 3+ ) with adjacent stable oxidation states catalytically active in degrading rubber, but also the counterions have an influence on the effect of oxidation, particularly the stearic anion. Ionic iron materials can decrease the molecular weight, especially for the case of Fe(SA) 3 as measured by gel permeation chromatography. Due to the degrading effect on the rubber molecules, Fe(SA) 3 brings about a torque decrease in moving die rheometer and evident decrease of the Mooney viscosity at 100°C, which is different from the effects of Fe 2 O 3 and 304L-Fe. The insoluble iron substances behave more like hard fillers. Additionally, Fe(SA) 3 remarkably alters the bound rubber content and the tensile properties after aging via two different process (scission and crosslinking). Overall, this work has a thorough comparison of effect of iron-containing materials on rubber aging and provides useful inspiration to protect the rubber from deterioration by foreign reagents and regulating the rubber stability and degradation rate via introducing degradative metal ions.
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高影响因子
POLYMER ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE
·
2022
·Vol. 62
·期 11
·3831-3840
·
IF 2.573
Sen Jiang,Liyan Wang,Rongrong Zheng,Yunsheng Chong,Yanming Chen
The poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) copolyesters modified by 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol (MPO), that is poly(butylene succinate-co-methyl propylene succinate) (PBMS), were synthesized by direct esterification-melt polycondensation method. 1 H NMR showed the PBMS molecules contain two repeating structural units, the butylene succinate (BS) and the 2-methyl-1,3-propylene succinate (MS). The crystalline properties of PBMS were characterized by DSC, POM, and XRD. The results showed the relative crystallinity of PBMS decreases from 45.12% to 38.2%, the size of spherulites also decreases, and the crystallization ability becomes weaker compared with PBS. The water contact angle test proved the surface hydrophilicity of PBMS is improved. The impact strength of PBMS increases from 3.9 to 24.6 kJ/m 2 , and its elongation at break increases from 10.5% to 71.2%, and the transition from brittle fracture to ductile fracture is achieved. The study of enzymatic degradation found that the enzymatic degradation rate of PBMS copolyesters increases significantly with the increase of MPO content. Within 25 days of degradation, the weight loss rate of PBS after degradation is 38.18%, while that of PBMS reaches 100%. Finally, it was also observed the enzymatic degradation of PBS and PBMS starts from the amorphous region and abides by the regular pattern from the periphery to the middle and from the surface to the interior.
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高影响因子
POLYMER ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE
·
2022
·Vol. 62
·期 11
·3684-3694
·
IF 2.573
Shuang Yin,PeiJia Chen,ZhiCong Zhang,WeiJie Liang,Xin Ge,WeiYue Yu,HongJi Liu,JianFang Ge
The trend to replace traditional non-biodegradable plastics with fully biodegradable plastics is the long-term solution for mitigating the environmental impact of persistent plastic pollution. Poly(butylene adipate-co-butylene terephthalate) (PBAT) becomes highly desirable due to its similar physical property to low-density polyethylene and 100% biodegradability. To enhance the property of PBAT for practical usage, various additives are needed, which are often environmentally unfriendly. In this work, chemically reactive biophenolic polysiloxanes are synthesized through the hydrosilylation addition between the hydrogen-terminated polysiloxane and the benign product eugenol, catalyzed by the non-homogeneous platinum. The obtained phenol hydroxyl terminated polysiloxane (PHTP) is used for modified PBAT. By adding 1 wt% of PHTP, the maximum elongation at breakage of 1335.0% is achieved with the improved crystallinity of the composites by 24.2% due to the uniformly PHTP in the PBAT matrix blend. Their morphology, corresponding mechanical properties (tensile and fracture strain), and thermal stability are evaluated as a function of PHTP content. More important, an appropriate amount of PHTP plays an important role in the nucleation centers in the PBAT matrix, confirmed by the positive correlation between the PBAT crystallinity and the amount of PHTP added. A strategy for improving the performance of PBAT-based environmentally friendly materials is provided within our work.
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高影响因子
POLYMER ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE
·
2022
·Vol. 62
·期 9
·2731-2740
·
IF 2.573
Zhihua Li,Yidan Zhang,Shuxuan Yan,Yibo Zhang,Mengmei Liu,Liangjun Gong
The preparation of underwater acoustically transparent polyurethane with excellent acoustic transparency, hydrophobicity, and electrical insulation is the current bottleneck prior in the underwater acoustic system. In this work, we synthesized a series of acoustically transparent polybutadiene-based polyurethane (FPU) modified with a,ω-dihydroxypoly[(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)methylsiloxane] (PTFPMS) by prepolymerization method. The influence of the PTFPMS content on the hydrophobicity, acoustic transparency, electrical insulation, and mechanical properties of FPU were investigated. When the amount of PTFPMS was 10 wt%, the water absorption of FPU reached the minimum of 0.261%, which was 42.9% lower than that of neat polyurethane. Moreover, the acoustic impedance of FPU decreased to 1.584 × 10 5 g/cm 2 ∙s, which was very close to that of seawater and indicated a favorable acoustic transparency. In addition, the volume resistivity and surface resistivity of FPU were 5.20 × 10 14 Ω cm and 2.42 × 10 14 Ω cm, respectively, suggesting an excellent electrical insulation. These results revealed that the as-prepared FPU has promising applications in the fields of underwater acoustically transparent encapsulant.
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高影响因子
POLYMER ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE
·
2022
·Vol. 62
·期 10
·3433-3440
·
IF 2.573
Shuang-dan Mao,Fu-hua Lin,Yu-ying Zhao,Xiang-yang Li,Yan-li Zhang,Ya-peng Dong,Jia-le Zhao,Hui Zhang,Bo Wang
Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) blending with the phase change material (PCM) to prepare thermal energy storage film has the disadvantage of leakage. The waste fly ash (FA) can be used as the substrate of PCM to prevent leakage and give the FA high value. In this study, the rude fly ash (RFA) with the modification of rinsing and HCl treatment impregnates the stearic acid (SA) directly to prepare rFAS and HFAS, respectively. The PVA/FAS thermal energy storage films are prepared by solution casting. The surface properties and the absorption capacity analysis of the FA indicated that the modification can increase the surface areas and average pore volume and the HFAS have the best adsorption capacity. The results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) show that the SA successfully adsorbed on the FA. The PVA/FAS thermal energy storage films with the 15% HFAS content have the best tensile strength (9.87 MPa), thermal conductivity (0.611 W · m −1 ·K −1 ), and thermal energy storage property (59.04 J·g −1 after 1 cycle time) because of the best compatibility between HFAS and PVA. After 500 cycle times, the latent heat of the PVA/HFAS decreased only 4.62% and the PVA/RFAS and PVA/RFAS decreased by 8.32%, and 10.87%, respectively.
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高影响因子
POLYMER ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE
·
2022
·Vol. 62
·期 9
·2769-2778
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IF 2.573
Xiaodong Chen,Xinde Tang,Cuizhen Zhang,Xiao Lu,Haichao Guo,Xuefan Li,Laixue Pang,Yong Yang,Fuying Dong
Polycarboxylate ether superplasticizers (PCEs) with comb-shaped molecular structures have attracted considerable attention in the area of admixtures for construction engineering. However, there are some contradictions in studying the relationship between the molecular structure and property of PCE due to its random structure based on traditional free radical polymerization, which is confused for designing and developing novel PCEs. In this article, a series of reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization-based polycarboxylate ether superplasticizers (RPCs) were prepared by the copolymerization of acrylic acid (AA) and ethylene-glycol monovinyl polyethylene glycol (EPEG). The chemical structure and composition of RPCs were characterized and their adsorption behavior and dispersion properties were conducted. The results demonstrate that the molecular weights of RPCs do not vary significantly with prolonging reaction time, and the actual monomer ratio in RPCs displays a significant change to the feed one due to the monomer reactivity and conversion at higher reaction temperature, which is different from conventional free radical polymerization. The dispersion and adsorption properties of RPCs to cement were evaluated by slurry fluidity tests and total organic carbon (TOC) experiments. The effect of polymerization temperature and time on the dispersion ability has been systematically studied. The results indicate that the dispersion ability and adsorption capacity of RPCs are closely related to their molecular structures. The dispersion ability of RPCs were enhanced with increasing carboxyl group density in a certain range of monomer molar ratios (≤6:1). This study will provide a new platform for designing and developing high-performance and rational cost-effective superplasticizers with well-defined structure and controlled molecular weight.
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高影响因子
POLYMER ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE
·
2022
·Vol. 62
·期 8
·2610-2621
·
IF 2.573
Canqun Liu,Xiaosong Zhou,Xunfu Zhou,Wenke Ruan,Zhijun Wu
High thermal conductivity materials are an urgent need for high power, microelectronic components and equipment, but are limited by low thermal conductivity of the traditional silicone materials. 4-Cyano-4′-n-octyl biphenyl (8OCB) was synthesized to modify carbon nanotubes, and silicone was used as the matrix. In the curing process of the composite, an electric field was applied and the liquid crystal induced the orientation of carbon nanotubes in the direction of 8OCB liquid crystal. The morphology, structure and properties of modified carbon nanotubes and composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, polarized microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, thermal conductivity, and so on. The 8OCB liquid crystal can improve the dispersion of carbon nanotubes in silicone composites. When the mass fraction of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) was 11 wt%, the thermal conductivity of 8OCB-MWCNTs/silicone composite after electric field was 2.39 W/(m K), which is 6.4 times that of MWCNTs/silicone composite after electric field and 15.5 times that of pure silicone matrix. A method to obtain highly ordered filled thermal conductive materials by applying an electric field to induce the orientation of carbon nanotubes is demonstrated.
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高影响因子
POLYMER ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE
·
2022
·Vol. 62
·期 8
·2532-2540
·
IF 2.573
Chunxia Zhao,Zhonghua Dong,Min Guo,Liang Liu,Yuanpeng Wu,Yuntao Li,Dong Xiang,Hui Li,Jingjuan Lai,Li Wang
Hydrogels exhibit unique properties such as softness, biocompatibility, and responsiveness, which render such types of materials widely applicable in wearable devices. Although the toughness of hydrogels has been significantly improved over the past years to resist fracture deformations under the application of a single mechanical cyclic load, the already existing tough hydrogels are still prone to fatigue fracture when they are subjected to multiple cyclic mechanical loads. In this work, an annealing-assisted salting-out method was used to fabricate microcrystalline areas within the hydrogel to prepare anti-fatigue P(AAm-co-MPC)/PVA hydrogels. Interestingly, the fatigue threshold of these materials reaches the value of 480 J m −2 , much higher than that of the conventional synthetic hydrogel (1–100 J m −2 ). In addition, the proposed hydrogel structures exhibit excellent sensing performance, with a conductivity value of 0.42 S m −1 , and a long-term stable strain-current response (2500 cycles). The applicability of this technique is not limited only to conductive hydrogels, but can also be extended to enhance other functional hydrogels with poor fatigue resistance properties.
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高影响因子
POLYMER ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE
·
2022
·Vol. 62
·期 6
·1811-1822
·
IF 2.573
Jian Chen,Chuang Zhou,Wei Cai,Fuxiang Huang,Chunyan Zhang,Liangliang Cao,Fancheng Meng
Ceramic/polymer nanocomposites have been extensively explored for dielectric capacitor application due to their high energy storage performance and ease of processing, flexibility, and low cost. However, improving compatibility between inorganic and organic materials is of great significance and has been a long-standing challenge. In this work, the polymer surfactant Pluronic™ F127 was employed to perform surface modification of BaTiO 3 through a facile solution process. The compatibility between BaTiO 3 nanoparticles and P (VDF-HFP) can be remarkably strengthened by the affinity between F127 polymer chains and the organic matrix. Structural defects such as pores, cracks, and agglomeration of inorganic particles were obviously reduced, and interfacial polarization has been significantly enhanced. The discharged energy density U d and charge–discharge efficiency η reach up to 5.0 J/cm 3 and 58.1% under the breakdown strength of 3740 kV/cm for the nanocomposite containing 1 vol% BT@F127. These dielectric properties are clearly better than the nanocomposite using unmodified BT, as well as similar hybrids reported previously.
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高影响因子
POLYMER ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE
·
2022
·Vol. 62
·期 7
·2131-2142
·
IF 2.573
Huanmin Wang,Xiaoming Guo,Cunbao Pei,Wei Dong,Yongyi Yao
Membrane separation technology has played an enormous role in water treatment. However, the surface of the separation membrane has low wettability, and it is easy to cohere with oil droplets during the oil–water separation process, which affects the efficiency of water treatment. To improve its separation property, this article reports the continuous deposition of tannic acid (TA)-titanium (Ti IV ) complex interconnected networks with high adhesion and long-term stability on the surface of polypropylene (PP) membranes to achieve oil–water separation. The hydrophilic TA-Ti nanostructured coating shows high adhesion and long-term stability on non-polar surfaces of the PP membrane. Notably, after modification, the membrane can be used to separate hexadecane-in-water emulsions under gravity force, with a separation efficiency of over 99% and a water flux of 227 Lm −2 h −1 . Compared with some membranes modified with polyphenols, this easy-to-prepare TA-Ti@PP membrane can achieve better separation performance with only gravity actuation. Furthermore, the modified membrane has superior reusability and excellent chemical stability (salt/acid/alkali resistance), and it has great potential in the field of oil-in-water and wastewater treatment.
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高影响因子
POLYMER ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE
·
2022
·Vol. 62
·期 3
·917-928
·
IF 2.573
Zijun Liu,Hongliang Wei,Yuhua Liu,Weikun Li,Songmao Li,Gang Wang,Tao Guo
Herein, interpenetrating network (IPN) hydrogels were successfully prepared for the first time through integrating two cross-linking reactions in water in one pot, including amine-anhydride reaction and subsequent photopolymerization. First, the polymer containing anhydride groups was prepared via free radical copolymerization of maleic anhydride and acrylamide. Second, the as-prepared polymer was dissolved in water with polyacrylamine hydrochloride, N -isopropylacrylamide, polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, and photoinitiator to obtain a homogeneous transparent solution. Third, the mixed solution was put in water bath of 50°C for 1 h to obtain the first network via the amine-anhydride click reaction. Afterward, the second network was formed by photopolymerization. Finally, the swelling and drug release behavior of the hydrogels were studied with isoniazid as a model drug. The results show the IPN hydrogel possesses pH and temperature sensitivity and their controlled-release behavior can be tuned via adjusting pH and temperature. In view of the advantages of amine-anhydride reaction and photopolymerization, the strategy described here is of significance for the preparation of IPN hydrogel.
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高影响因子
POLYMER ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE
·
2022
·Vol. 62
·期 4
·1269-1280
·
IF 2.573
Shuo Chen,Yu Feng,Zhi-Yuan Zhang,Xiang-Yuan Li,Jun-Ying Zhang,Jing-Bo Zhao
Diels–Alder (DA) addition is an efficient method to repair damages at mild conditions. It is often used in self-healing polyurethanes and epoxy resins and seldom used in cross-linked polyamides (cPAs). Michael addition becomes a useful method to synthesize cPAs. However, no efficient way has been established to conduct double-addition of primary amines. In this work, organic catalyzed Michael addition and polycondensation were established to prepare polyamide oligomers with furan pendent groups (pFU-PAs), and a DA addition was adopted to prepare self-healing cross-linked polyamides (SH-cPAs). A bulk double Michael addition of furfurylamine and methyl acrylate was performed at 30–70°C in the presence of 1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene (TBD), 7-methyl-1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene (MTBD), or 4-(N,N-dimethylamino) pyridine (DMAP), and a high yield of furfurylamine-N,N-bis(methyl propionate) (FA-BMP) was prepared. The catalytic activity order is MTBD>TBD >>DMAP in Michael addition. Melt polycondensation of FA-BMP with bis(2-aminopropyl) polypropyleneglycol and hexamethylene diamine was catalyzed by MTBD and N,N′-diphenylthiourea. The DA addition of 1,5-bismaleimido-2-methylpentane and pFU-PAs was monitored by FT-IR, 1 H NMR, DSC, polarizing optical microscopy, and gel content. In these catalyzed processes, the structures of FA-BMP, pFU-PAs, and SH-cPAs were controlled easily, and the SH-cPAs showed good mechanical property and excellent self-healing performance of 88%–98%.
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高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）