Food & Function
·
2021
·Vol. 13
·期 1
·437-450
·
IF 5.396
Xiao-Feng Zhang,Yu-Jun Tang,Xiao-Xian Guan,Xin Lu,Jiao Li,Xiao-Li Chen,Jin-Lan Deng,Jian-Ming Fan
Amomum tsao-ko Crevost et Lemarie (A. tsao-ko) is a well-known dietary spice and traditional Chinese medicine. This study aimed to identify the flavonoids in A. tsao-ko and evaluate their antioxidant and antidiabetic activities in in vitro and in vivo studies. A. tsao-ko methanol extracts possessed a high flavonoid content (1.21 mg QE per g DW) and a total of 29 flavonoids were identified by employing UPLC-MS/MS. In vitro, A. tsao-ko demonstrated antioxidant activity (ORAC value of 34276.57 μM TE/100 g DW, IC50 of ABTS of 3.49 mg mL−1 and FRAP value of 207.42 μM Fe2+ per g DW) and α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory ability with IC50 values of 14.23 and 1.76 mg mL−1, respectively. In vivo, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) models were induced by a combined high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ) injection in rats. Treatment with the A. tsao-ko extract (100 mg freeze-dried powder per kg bw) for 6 weeks could significantly improve impaired glucose tolerance, decrease the levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin, and malondialdehyde (MDA), and increase the superoxide dismutase (SOD) level. Histopathology revealed that the A. tsao-ko extract preserved the architecture and function of the pancreas. In conclusion, the flavonoid composition of A. tsao-ko exhibits excellent antioxidant and antidiabetic activity in vitro and in vivo. A. tsao-ko could be a novel natural material and developed as a related functional food and medicine in T2DM management.
研究领域:
药理学
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营养学
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药物化学
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糖尿病研究
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INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
·
2024
·
IF 5.6
Haoxue Wang,Han Yang,Siming Nie,Xu Han,Yuanhang Chang,Jian Xu,Chengdong Nie,Yujie Fu
In this study, different types of natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) were used to extract flavonoids from sweet tea. A total of 7 flavonoids , primarily dihydrochalcones, were successfully extracted. Among the NADESs tested, a ternary deep eutectic solvent Bet-PG-Ur (betaine: propanediol : urea = 1: 2: 1, molar ratio) demonstrated the highest extraction efficiency. The chemical and morphological changes of both the NADES and extracted compounds were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). To optimize the extraction process and evaluate the total flavonoid yield, response surface methodology (RSM), artificial neural network (ANN), and random forest (RF) techniques were employed. The NADES demonstrated consistent extraction performance even after three cycles of recovery using the SPE method. The results revealed that all three models successfully predicted the TFC in the green extraction ultrasonic process. The ANN model exhibited superior result consistency compared to the others, which can be attributed to the enhanced statistical parameters obtained. The highest total flavonoid content (TFC) of 167.561 mg/g was predicted by ANN and achieved under the following conditions: liquid/solid ratio of 19, water content of 50 %, temperature of 45 °C, and ultrasonic power of 400 W.
研究领域:
植物化学
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食品科学
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分析化学
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Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery
·
2022
·
IF 4.05
Shang Xian-chao,Zhang Yu-qin,Zheng Yan-fen,Li Yiqiang
Polyphenols and flavonoids are abundant in spent onion skins (SOSs), being present in amounts are 2–sixfold greater times of than those in the inner bulb. In this study, an eco-friendly and efficient extraction method based on temperature-responsive deep eutectic solvents (TRDESs) was used to obtain natural flavonoids from SOSs. Microwave-assisted extraction yields of quercetin, kaempferol, luteolin, and quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucoside were evaluated to determine the efficiencies of a series of TRDESs. An extraction system composed of ethanolamine and m -cresol at ratio of 1:1 (20% water in TRDES system) was found to possess the highest efficiency. The extraction conditions were screened and optimized for efficiency using a Box-Behnken design. As a result, an extraction power of 554 W, extraction temperature of 76 °C, extraction time of 16 min, and solid–liquid ratio of 14 mg/mL were determined to be the optimal conditions. Under these extraction conditions, the total flavonoid extraction yields reached 47.83 ± 0.21 mg/g. The macroporous resin HPD 600 was selected for the separation and recovery of the TRDESs extraction mixture and the experimental measurements revealed that it allowed recovery rate more than 90%. In vitro activity testing of the flavonoid extract demonstrated excellent FRAP assay, DPPH assay and ABTS assay results for the SOSs extract prepared using a TRDES, and its inhibitory effects on S. aureus , E. carotovora , and B. subtilis were marked.
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Food & Function
·
2019
·Vol. 10
·期 9
·5461-5472
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IF 3.241
Xilian Yang,Yanli Ma,Lirong Li
β-Glucosidase (BG) was immobilized on the surface of bifunctionalized nano-magnetic iron oxide with silica and amine groups (Fe3O4@SiO2-NH2). The aroma and flavonoid aglycone enhancement effect of BG in tea soup was investigated. The immobilized BG-synthesized nanocomposite morphology and structure were characterized by using different analytical techniques, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The immobilized BG showed enhanced pH and temperature endurance at an optimum pH of 5.0 and temperature of 65 °C. After seven cycles of reuse, immobilized BG showed 51.8% initial activity. Immobilized-BG treatment in green tea and black tea soup elevated the aroma content by approximately 16% and 48%, respectively. In addition, flavonoid aglycones, such as myricetin, kaempferol, and quercetin, in green tea and black tea soup increased by approximately 65- and 5-fold, respectively. These results suggested that immobilized BG showed excellent potential in the enhancement of aroma and effectively hydrolyzed the flavonoid glycosides to release flavonoid aglycones in tea soup. Hence, this study provides a green and sustainable approach for the tea industry to efficiently enhance tea soup properties.
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Analytical Methods
·
2018
·Vol. 10
·期 38
·4680-4688
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IF 2.073
Yuxin Ma,Dandan Han,Yingjie Lei,Tao Zhu
A range of materials were synthesized based on different matrices of poly(styrene-divinylbenzene) (PS-DVB) and silica (Si). N-vinyl pyrrolidone (NVP) and 1H,1H,7H-dodecafluoroheptyl methacrylate (DMFA) were the functional monomers for the synthesis of PS-DVB–NVP, PS-DVB–NVP–DMFA, Si–NVP and Si–NVP–DMFA. The structures of the obtained materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller and thermogravimetric analysis. The results demonstrated that NVP and DMFA can change the structure of the matrix pores. Using response surface methodology (RSM), the optimal proportion for synthesizing the materials was 330.00 μL of DMFA and 11.00 mg of AIBN at 80 °C. P–N–F showed the best recognition for pyrocatechin and quercetin, and the adsorption abilities were 12.14 μg mg−1 and 6.76 μg mg−1, respectively. In terms of applications, the method's recoveries of pyrocatechin and quercetin were in the range of 78.06–83.43% and 79.05–83.63% with associated intra-day relative standard deviations of less than 2.92% and 2.84%, respectively. P–N–F showed satisfactory results in that recoveries for pyrocatechin and quercetin were 83.43% and 83.63%, respectively. This showed potential for the rapid purification of flavonoids in an apple sample combined with dispersion solid-phase extraction (DSPE).
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EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
·
2025
·
IF 5.9
Yan-Yun Liu,Zheng-Ao Li,Yu-Zheng Zhou,Sen-Lin Wang,Zong-Peng Chen,Si-Xu Liu,Peng Zhan,Ying-Jun Zhou,Zan-Xian Xia,Xu Deng
The global COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has underscored the urgent need for the development of new broad-spectrum antivirals to combat its high mutation rate and the emerging variants. Host ER α-glucosidases I/II are promising host-targeted therapeutic targets for the development of broad-spectrum antivirals against viral strains that depend on ERQC for infectivity. Herein, we designed and synthesized a series of TCM theory-inspired DNJ-flavonoid conjugates as novel α-glucosidase inhibitors, which were screened against their in vitro antiviral activities in non-replicative SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus (PsV) assay. Remarkably, DNJ-20 not only demonstrated remarkable inhibition activity against α-glucosidase and viral entry process, but also exerted potent and broad-spectrum anti-coronaviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus (PsV), several SARS-CoV-2 variants, as well as HCoV-229E and HCoV-OC43, with EC 50 values up to 1.49 μM, which is more potent than the benchmark α-glucosidase inhibitor UV-4 ( DNJ-3 ). Besides, it had no observable cytotoxicity in HeLa-ACE2, HEK-293T and Beas-2B cells. Therefore, TCM theory-inspired DNJ-flavonoid conjugates can be served as promising drug leads for pan-coronavirus therapeutic development to combat current and future coronavirus pandemics.
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ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
·
2024
·
IF 7.1
Jian Li,Xiu-Qiong Yu,Zijian Liang,Rui Wang,Wei Zhao,Xin-An Zeng,Langhong Wang
This study aimed to develop a green and efficient approach based on pulsed electric field (PEF) in combination with deep eutectic solvents (DESs) to enhance the antiglycation ability of Noni flavonoids (NFs) by modulating their proportions of flavone glycosides and aglycones. The results showed that the proportion of quercetin was elevated with the increasing PEF treatment times at fixed treatment conditions (PEF conditions: 2 kV/cm, 30 μs, 10 Hz; DES: 100% choline chloride/oxalic acid). After 4000 PEF treatments, the molar ratio of rutin and quercetin in the NF sample changed from 0.92:0.08 to 0.09:0.91. Simultaneously, the inhibitory effects of the NF sample treated with 4000 pulses (NF4) on fructosamine, α-dicarbonyl, and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in the bovine serum albumin (BSA)–fructose model were increased by 2.53, 2.98, and 1.23 times, respectively. This enhancement may be attributed to NF4 exhibiting a greater ability to bind protein and trap methylglyoxal (MGO) compared with untreated samples. Consequently, NF4 can more effectively prevent oxidative damage to the BSA structure, reducing protein aggregation and blocking the accumulation of AGEs. In summary, the combination of PEF with DESs presents a promising and sustainable method to effectively improve the antiglycation ability of Noni flavonoids, showing great potential for the functional food industry.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2025
·
IF 13.2
Jiawei Han,Wen Sun,Weitao Fang,Zhimin Yue,Baimin Niu,Huizhen Sun,Xiaoqian Liu,Jue Wang,Jiaxin Chen
Flavonoids are the functional ingredients in human diets, but their generally low water solubility limits their therapeutic application. The study aimed to provide a new design and solubilization strategy for flavonoids co-amorphized with food-safe chlorogenic acid (CHL) by integrating theory-model-experiment techniques. Among 14 flavonoid candidates, 5 flavonoids might form co-amorphous systems with CHL through theoretical calculation and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Co-amorphization accuracy was further confirmed by practical preparation and characterizations. Meanwhile, potential hydrogen-bond interactions occurred in the formed co-amorphous systems via FTIR and MD analyses. Herein, 5 flavonoid co-amorphous systems displayed significantly enhanced solubility/dissolution and excellent physical stability. Additionally, such co-amorphous systems performed strong antioxidant activity according to DPPH radical scavenging, and possessed superior antibacterial activity than flavonoids themselves against three kinds of bacteria. This study emphasizes that the integrated strategy can be used to design flavonoid co-amorphous systems for enhancing their antioxidant and antibacterial activities in food preservation and functional products. Importantly, this study provides a practical methodology to guide the screening of co-amorphous systems for flavonoid components and even other classes of compounds by integrating theory-model-experiment techniques.
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Journal of Cleaner Production
·
2022
·
IF 11.072
Jian Li,Wen Chen,Debao Niu,Rui Wang,Fei-Yue Xu,Bo-Ru Chen,Jia-Wei Lin,Zhong-Sheng Tang,Xin-An Zeng
The recovery of flavonoids and preparation of flavone aglycones from pomace waste are accompanied by the use of acidic organic solvents and high energy consumption, which lead to environmental pollution . This study aimed to develop an efficient and eco-friendly method based on pulsed electric field-assisted extraction (PEF-AE) combined with deep eutectic solvents (DESs) to recover flavonoids from noni pomace. The feasibility of using pulsed electric fields (PEF) combined with DESs as an alternative to conventional enzymatic, acidic, and pyrolytic methods, for the conversion of flavone glycosides to flavone aglycones was also evaluated. The results showed that, by using PEF-AE combined with DESs, the recovery efficiencies of the two main flavonoids (rutin and quercetin) in noni pomace were significantly superior to those of conventional organic extraction. Choline chloride/ethylene glycol (Ch/Eth) and choline chloride/oxalic acid (Ch/Oxa) were found to be optimal extractants for the recovery of rutin and quercetin. After response surface methodology optimisation, the highest extraction amounts of rutin and quercetin were 16.21 mg/g and 19.85 mg/g, respectively. During the extraction process, it was found that almost 100% of degraded rutin can be converted to quercetin in Ch/Oxa. Under identical treatment time and temperature, the rutin conversion efficiency of PEF was 25.4–206.4 folds higher than that of hot-water treatment (HWT). An excellent rutin conversion efficiency (8.72%/min) for PEF was achieved by adjusting the key reaction conditions. Overall, PEF-AE combined with DESs is an efficient, selective, and sustainable method for recovering flavonoids from noni pomace waste. This study also demonstrated that PEF coupled with DESs is a promising method for the efficient and eco-friendly preparation of flavone aglycones.
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Phytochemistry Letters
·
2024
·
IF 1.3
Yu-Fei Hou,Lu Bai,Shao-Jing Liu,Sen Guo,Ya-Long Wang,Chi-Tang Ho,Nai-Sheng Bai
A. arguta leaves, as an important by-product during the ripening of A. arguta fruits, are usually discarded. It contains numerous flavonoid components. In the present research, a simple and reproducible HPLC-DAD method was established and verified for simultaneous identification and quantification analysis of 25 flavonoid components in A. arguta leaves. The findings indicated that the highest concentration of flavonoid compounds in A. arguta leaves was quercetin ( 2 ), with a content of 8.97 ± 0.09 mg/g. The content of flavonoids in samples from different cultivation bases was different, indicating that the varied flavonoid contents are possibly determined by geographical variance. This method can be used for the quality control of Actinidia arguta . The 25 flavonoids showed good α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with IC 50 values ranging from 0.35 to 4.15 mM, and the activity difference varied with the different structures. 2"- O -galloylhyperin ( 18 ) showed the best antihyperglycemic action (IC 50 = 0.35 ± 0.01 mM), followed by quercetin ( 2 , IC 50 = 0.38 ± 0.01 mM), quercetin 4′- O -galactoside ( 19 , IC 50 = 0.41 ± 0.01 mM), kaempferol ( 3 , IC 50 = 0.42 ± 0.01 mM), and kaempferol-3-rutinoside ( 6 , IC 50 = 0.53 ± 0.01 mM). Molecular docking analysis demonstrated that the interaction modes of these five stronger inhibitors with α-glucosidase were mainly hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interaction. The results showed that compounds with different structural skeletons interacted with different amino acid residues and exerted different degrees of α-glucosidase inhibition. Therefore, A. arguta leaves and their flavonoids may be beneficial against diabetes, and higher levels of flavonoids are considered to have greater potential for medicinal use.
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Biomed Research International
·
2021
·
IF 3.411
Guiqin Shi,Jiaxin Shen,Tao Wei,Fei Ren,Famou Guo,Yuan Zhou
In this study, the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of flavonoid from Paeonia lactiflora seed peel was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). Single-factor experiments and a three-factor three-level Box-Behnken design (BBD) were performed to explore the effects of the following parameters on flavonoid extraction: ethanol concentration (), liquid-solid ratio (), and ultrasonic time (). The results showed that the optimal flavonoid yield (10.9045 mg RE/g) was as follows: ethanol concentration 62.93%, ultrasonic time 64.56 min, and liquid-solid ratio 24.86 mL/g. The optimized extract of P. lactiflora seed shell was further analyzed by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS, and 20 main flavonoids were identified and quantified, among which protocatechuic acid, vanillic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, and 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde had the highest content. Furthermore, the results of the antioxidant test showed that the P. lactiflora seed peel extract obtained under optimized UAE conditions exhibited good antioxidant activity. The experimental results showed that ultrasound-assisted extraction was a fast, efficient, and simple method for extracting active ingredients from P. lactiflora seed peel, thereby making this byproduct a promising source of compounds in food and healthcare sectors.
研究领域:
药学
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分析化学
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食品科学
·
植物科学
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BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
·
2018
·
IF 3.457
Siwei Wang,Yuejuan Fang,Xinfen Yu,Lu Guo,Xiaoxi Zhang,Daozong Xia
Uric acid metabolic disorder is considered to be the main pathogenesis of uric acid nephropathy (UN). Smilax glabra Roxb. is a traditional Chinese herb which has been used in the treatment of gout, but the mechanism was unclear. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of the flavonoid-rich fraction from rhizomes of Smilax glabra Roxb. (SGF) on uric acid nephropathy rats and its underlying mechanisms of promoting uric acid excretion. Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were induced by high purine diet (yeast pellets + adenine) for 5 weeks. Rats were orally treated with SGF or allopurinol daily. The biochemical parameters and enzymes in different treated rats were determined by commercial kits. Kidney pathology was visualized using optical microscopy and electron microscopy. Renal inflammatory factors were detected by ELISA. Renal fibrosis factors and uric acid transporters were analyzed by real time RT-PCR and western blot. The results showed that SGF significantly improved kidney function. Histopathologic examination revealed that urate-induced renal damage was markedly reversed by SGF. Meanwhile, SGF treatment was also found to significantly inhibit renal oxidative stress. SGF treatment obviously suppressed the inflammatory factors of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and the profibrotic factors of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), transforming growth factor-β 1 (TGF-β 1 ) expression in UN rats. Moreover, SGF either significantly inhibited uric acid production or promoted uric acid excretion in UN rats. The mechanism of SGF promoting uric acid excretion was related to its increase of ATP-binding cassette transporter G2 (ABCG2), organic anion transporter 1 (OAT1), organic anion transporters 2 (OCT2) and organic cation/carnitine transporters 2 (OCTN2) expression. In conclusion, SGF could ameliorate renal oxidative stress and inflammation in UN rats through promoting uric acid excretion.
研究领域:
药理学
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肾病学
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中医
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