Coatings
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2020
·Vol. 10
·期 2
·179
·
IF 2.436
Hui Shu,Ming Yang,Qiang Liu,Maobin Luo
Coating materials can effectively protect stone-built cultural heritage and, as such, research into coating materials has gained comprehensive attention from researchers. The aim of this work is to prepare a TiO2-modified sol coating material (TSCM) and study its protective effects on stone-built cultural heritage. TSCM and pure TiO2sol (p-sol, unmodified; for comparison) were applied evenly over the entire surface of stone samples. The prepared stone samples included untreated stone, stone treated with pure sol, and stone treated with TSCM. The protective effects of TSCM were evaluated by water absorption, water vapor permeability, acid resistance, and weather resistance experiments. The results show that stone treated with TSCM has excellent water absorption and water vapor permeability, strong acid resistance, and good weather resistance, compared with untreated stone or stone treated with p-sol. The acid resistance of stone treated by TSCM was 1.75 times higher than that treated with traditional coating materials. The weather resistance cycle number of stone treated by TSCM was four times higher than that treated with organic protective materials. These findings are expected to provide useful suggestions for the protection of stone-built cultural heritage.Keywords:stone-built cultural heritage protection;TiO2-modified sol;coating material;weather resistance;acid corrosion resistance
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Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy
·
2020
·Vol. 40
·期 1
·e13479
·
IF 1.989
Zhengjiang Liu,Anqi Wang,Qiancheng Zhang,Juming Liu,Huiyan Ma,Di Li,Lei Xing
Sensitized kaolinite with improved visible-light catalytic activity was prepared via a facile in-situ growth of nanosized Cu-TiO 2 on the surface of the sulfated kaolinite impregnated in Cu-TiO 2 sol. The as-prepared photocatalysts were characterized in terms of various techniques. The transmission electron microscope and energy dispersive spectrometer results revealed that Cu-TiO 2 could grow on the surface of the pretreated kaolinite and the aggregation of Cu-TiO 2 was successfully inhibited. The X-ray photoelectron spectrum confirmed the formation of Al O Ti bonds between Cu-TiO 2 and sulfated kaolinite in the sensitized kaolinite composite. The sensitized kaolinite composite exhibited significantly improved performance in the degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB), leading to about 87% of RhB degradation in 180 min, which is superior to that of the kaolinite, calcined kaolin, and sulfated calcined kaolin under visible-light irradiation. The superior photodegradation activity of the sensitized kaolinite composite was primarily attributed to the synergetic effect of Cu-TiO 2 sensitization and sulfation, resulting from the efficient transfer and separation of the photo-induced charge carriers between Cu-TiO 2 and kaolinite.
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JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY A-CHEMISTRY
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2020
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IF 3.306
Xiangming Fang,Guanhong Lu,Asad Mahmood,Zhihong Tang,Ziwei Liu,Linlin Zhang,Yan Wang,Jing Sun
A novel ternary mica/TiO 2 /Fe 2 O 3 composite pearlescent pigment has been designed for the photocatalytic oxidation of gas-phase acetaldehyde in the application of indoor air purification. The mica/TiO 2 /Fe 2 O 3 -x (MTF-x, x = m Fe2O3 : m TiO2 = 0.5–2: 100) composites were synthesized by a sol-gel assisted hydrothermal method. The MTF-1.5 composite shows optimal photocatalytic performance, which is 1.8 times photodegradation efficiency and 2.2 times CO 2 mineralization efficiency higher than those of pure TiO 2 . The enhanced photocatalytic performance of MTF-x (x = 0.5–2) composites could be associated with enhanced reflectivity of mica, which eventually improved the light absorption properties. Also, the presence of TiO 2 /Fe 2 O 3 heterostructure facilitated charge separation in the MTF ternary composite. Besides, superoxide radical was proven as the decisive active species for the degradation of gaseous acetaldehyde. This work provides a systematic approach to develop a potential multi-functional pearlescent pigment to purify indoor air.
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CATALYSIS LETTERS
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2020
·Vol. 150
·期 7
·1890-1897
·
IF 2.482
Zhou Na,Yan Ruiyao,Pan Yanlin,Fang Xue-Qian
The fast recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes in the pure TiO 2 leads to a low photocatalytic efficiency in hydrogen generation or solar energy conversion. Noble metal nanoparticles have been used to combine with TiO 2 for effective photocatalysis. Herein, Au@Ag@TiO 2 nanorods (NRs) with core–shell structure have been prepared by hydrolysis the precursor of titanium in acid environment. UV light–driven H 2 generation rate of Au@Ag@TiO 2 samples demonstrated 14 times enhancement compared to P25 TiO 2 at the same experimental conditions. The improved photocatalytic performance was due to the charge transfer from the conduction band of excited TiO 2 to Au@Ag NRs leading to effective separation of electron–hole pairs. This mechanism has been proved by transient absorption spectroscopy and photo-electrochemical (PEC) measurements. The time resolved photocurrents of P25 TiO 2 NPs is ~ 13 times higher that of Au@Ag@TiO 2 , indicating that a fraction of the photogenerated electrons of TiO 2 driven by UV light transfer to Au@Ag nanocores instead of transporting entirely to the ITO substrates. The ultrafast transient absorption and pump-probe measurements demonstrated a faster decay in Au@Ag@TiO 2 NRs compared to pure TiO 2 system, indicating that the photogenerated electron–hole recombination in TiO 2 is substantially suppressed by Au@Ag@TiO 2 NRs attributed to the effective trapping of the photogenerated electrons by the Au@Ag cores. Graphic Abstract Au@Ag@TiO 2 nanocomposites with core-shell structure have been prepared and its UV light–driven H 2 generation rate has been demonstrated 14 times enhancement compared to P25 TiO 2 at the same experimental conditions. The improved photocatalytic performance was due to the charge transfer, which has been proved by photocurrent measurement and the ultrafast transient absorption and pump-probe measurements.
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ChemPhotoChem
·
2020
·Vol. 4
·期 5
·366-372
·
IF 2.838
Yajun Bi,Jiadong Li,Changchang Dong,Wei Mu,Xiaojun Han
Graphical Clean up, clean up : A new heterostructured photocatalyst, MnCo 2 O 4.5 deposited TiO 2 nanotube arrays, was synthesized via a two-step anodization and chemical bath deposition method. The catalyst exhibited enhanced photocatalytic activity in the degradation of tetracycline under visible light irradiation compared with pure TiO 2 nanotube arrays. A novel type of heterostructured photocatalyst, MnCo 2 O 4.5 deposited TiO 2 nanotube arrays (TNAs), was successfully synthesized via a two-step anodization and chemical bath deposition method. The decoration of MnCo 2 O 4.5 nanoparticles on anatase TNAs significantly enhances its photocatalytic degradation activity of tetracycline (TC). The optimized 140MnCo 2 O 4.5 /TiO 2 nanotube arrays (140 M/TNA) catalyst exhibited the highest photocatalytic degradation of TC with an efficiency of 93.1 % after 2 h illumination. Meanwhile, the material showed good stability after a 5 cycle test. The mechanism of increased activity is attributed to the MnCo 2 O 4.5 /TiO 2 heterostructure, which extends the response range to visible light and promotes electron–hole separation. Further radical capture experiment reveals that . O 2 − is vital as an active species for degrading TC in this system. The photocatalyst obtained via this rational synthesis strategy can effectively remove organic pollutants from waste water under visible light irradiation.
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ACS Applied Nano Materials
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2021
·
IF 5.097
Yucheng Ou,Gangqiang Zhu,Fei Rao,Jianzhi Gao,Jun Chang,Xiaotao Xie,Weibin Zhang,Yu Huang,Mirabbos Hojamberdiev
Coral-like TiO2−δ microstructures with high surface area were synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method, followed by thermal treatment in a N2 atmosphere. The introduction of oxygen vacancies (OVs) to TiO2 significantly improved light absorption and inhibited the recombination of photogenerated charge carriers. Then, multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and N-doped carbon quantum dots (N-CQDs) were decorated on the surface of coral-like TiO2−δ microstructures. The CNTs could greatly improve the separation and transfer efficiency of photogenerated charge carriers, while the N-CQDs could further extend light absorption to longer wavelengths, including the IR region. According to the results of electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy, the introduction of OVs to TiO2−δ and surface modification with CNTs and N-CQDs promoted the generation of •O2– and •OH active species. The formation of •O2– and •OH active species on the surface of TiO2−δ/CNTs/N-CQDs played an important role in the deep oxidation and selective conversion of NO into nitrate. Density functional theory calculations revealed the adsorption and reaction sites for H2O and O2 separately in space over the surface of TiO2−δ/CNTs/N-CQDs. Namely, the reaction sites of H2O and O2 are on the surface of TiO2−δ and CNTs, respectively. The electron transfer from TiO2−δ to CNTs was further verified through the differential charge density. This study demonstrates a straightforward approach for designing full-spectrum-responsive photocatalysts with high efficiency, stability, and selectivity for NO removal.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
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2021
·
IF 13.273
Mu Liu,Xiaolei Bao,Fahao Ma,Minrui Wang,Liren Zheng,Zeyan Wang,Peng Wang,Yuanyuan Liu,Hefeng Cheng,Ying Dai,Yuchen Fan,Zhaoke Zheng,Baibiao Huang
Enhanced photocatalytic performance and excellent stability are usually regarded contradictory during photocatalytic reaction. In this study, supercycle ALD was employed to achieve superior performance and stability simultaneously for the system of TiO 2 @Cu during CO 2 reduction reaction, which was unattainable by post-deposition TiO 2 , a commonly-employed technique for enhancing stability. More oxygen vacancy, partially-covered Cu species as well as well-maintained charge separation capability of alternatively-deposited TiO 2 @(2Cu + 2TiO 2 ) × 25 could be the reason for enhanced activity and stability as suggested by a series of characterizations such as Single-particle TRPL and Single-particle PL. Experimental data also suggested unselective and mixed-layer deposition of TiO 2 and Cu loaded in the mode of alternative-deposition. The method proved in our study could be applicable in synthesizing other ALD-prepared catalysts with enhanced performance and stability, which will be a big step forward towards comprehensively utilizing the potential of ALD technique in the field of photocatalysis.
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JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN ELECTRONICS
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2021
·Vol. 32
·期 15
·20104-20114
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IF 2.478
Sun Junchen,Fang Min,Zhu Weiju,Wu Zhenyu,Li Cun
SiO 2 @TiO 2 -Ag (STA) microspheres decorated with Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were prepared and assembled into the photoanode. The photoanode composed of STA microspheres and TiO 2 nanoparticles (P25) was prepared by doctor blade method. UV–vis measurement indicates that the introduction of a few STA microspheres observably enhances the light scattering and capturing ability of the photoanode. The photoelectric conversion efficiency of the DSSCs with 2wt% STA photoanode increased to 7.4% from 4.3% comparing with pure P25 TiO 2 nanoparticles. The configuration DSSCs have the maximum short circuit current density ( J sc ) of 16.0 mA cm −2 and open-circuit voltage ( V oc ) of 0.780 V, which are significantly higher than the pure TiO 2 DSSCs. The significant improvement of the DSSCs performance can be due to the synergistic effect of the superior light scattering of STA and the localized surface plasma resonance (LSPR) effect of Ag NPs modified on the microspheres surface.
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JOURNAL OF ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
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2021
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IF 4.464
Peng Wang,Cong Xie,Tong Song,Ping Yang
Amorphous SnO 2 was coupled on the surface of mixed-phase TiO 2 nanoflowers (NFs) by a solvothermal synthesis. Various characteristics confirms the formation of SnO 2 /TiO 2 heterostructures. As-prepared amorphous SnO 2 /TiO 2 heterostructures revealed uniform morphology and enhanced photoelectrochemical performance. Underfull-spectrum light irradiation, the SnO 2 /TiO 2 heterostructures with an optimized SnO 2 ratio revealed the best photoreduction performance, in which Cr(VI) of 99% was removed within 30 min. This is ascribed to the introduction of amorphous SnO 2 , which adjusted the band gap structure, increased specific surface area of TiO 2 NFs, and greatly enhanced the photoelectric conversion efficiency. The mechanism of the heterostructure formation and enhanced photoreduction for Cr(VI) ions were discussed. The TiO 2 NFs with a mixture phase helps to improve the separation efficiency of photogenerated carriers. This result provides an unique idea for the construction of heterostructures.
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NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY
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2021
·Vol. 45
·期 32
·14406-14413
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IF 3.591
Yubo Liu,Guoqiang Ding,Guoping Zhao,Haohao She,Yulei Zhu,Yong Yang
Combining glucose dehydration and the subsequent hydrogenation in one pot is a preferable approach for process development as such a method allows in situ generation of the reactive intermediate to undergo further reaction without extra energy-intensive separation. Herein, phosphotungstic acid and various types of titania (anatase, rutile, P25) supported Ru-based catalysts were considered as the dehydration and hydrogenation catalysts, respectively. Modulating the different reactant media (N2, H2), various products were obtained with GBL–H2O as the solvent. A considerable yield (42%) of levulinic acid (LA) and γ-valerolactone (GVL) (40%) were obtained in nitrogen and subsequent hydrogen. Ru/TiO2 (rutile) was the favorable hydrogenation catalyst among the three types of Ru/TiO2. Meanwhile, a certain amount of sorbitol (36%) was obtained in pure hydrogen. The hydrogenation of glucose is more likely to occur than the glucose dehydration. The physicochemical properties of the catalysts were characterized by XRD, BET, TPR, STEM and in situ CO/FT-IR, and the results show that well-dispersed Ru particles are located on the rutile crystallites, which facilitated the hydrogenation of LA. A strong metal support interaction (SMSI) was responsible for the various microstructure properties and the different hydrogenation reactivity. This work allows a better understanding of the reaction paths of glucose conversion.
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JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS
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2021
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IF 3.531
Leibo Deng,Zhe Fu,Zhang Mingxing,Hao Li,Bin Yao,Jianli He,Hua Chen,Yonghong Ma
TiO 2 –ZrO 2 -codoped MgO–B 2 O 3 –Al 2 O 3 –SiO 2 glass-ceramics were prepared using the traditional melting method. The effects of replacing TiO 2 with ZrO 2 on the glass stability (GS), crystallization behavior, structures, and properties of the obtained samples were studied. Results showed that the addition of ZrO 2 increased the GS, which decreased the crystallization ability of the samples. When the heat treatment temperature was increased from 900 °C to 1000 °C, the mullite and quartz phases first precipitated in the glass matrix, and then converted into cordierite. Because of the low solubility of TiO 2 and ZrO 2 in this glass system, the rutile and zircon phases will precipitate from the parent glasses. Owing to changes in the composition and structure of the samples, the density and Vickers hardness increased, while the coefficient of thermal expansion of the samples first decreased and then increased when TiO 2 was replaced with ZrO 2 .
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APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL
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2021
·
IF 19.503
Min Chen,Jianhua Chen,Chuncheng Chen,Changbin Zhang,Hong He
Modification of TiO 2 with copper oxides clusters (CuO x -TiO 2 ) induces visible-light absorption and enhances its activity. In this work, we investigated the CuO x -anatase and CuO x -rutile for the photocatalytic oxidation of gaseous NH 3 under visible light. In contrast with the widely reported results that CuO x -anatase displays higher performance than CuO x -rutile in photocatalytic oxidation or reduction, we surprisingly observed that CuO x -rutile is able to oxidize NH 3 efficiently under visible light irradiation, while CuO x -anatase shows no activity. Further characterizations showed that visible-light inclines to drive the VB electrons of rutile TiO 2 to CuO x at the interface between rutile TiO 2 and CuO x , while it drives the electrons of CuO x to anatase TiO 2 at interface between anatase TiO 2 and CuO x . DFT calculations revealed that the interaction between CuO x and TiO 2 is markedly different in CuO x -anatase and CuO x -rutile, which induces the differences in the electronic distribution of interfacial Cu, O and Ti atoms, resulting in the distinct direction of charge transfer.
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