JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2024
·Vol. 142
·期 2
·e56337
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IF 2.7
ZiXuan Wang,Hao Zheng,Zhengchun Cai,Haian Xia
Bio-based plastics have received much attraction because they are an alternative to petroleum-based plastics in recent years. Among them, aliphatic polyesters have garnered the most attention due to their excellent properties. Polyester is primarily synthesized through ring opening polymerization of monomer, and the catalysts used are mostly synthesized through “click” reaction in the laboratory, which exhibits inferior activity and little commercial value. Herein, a facile approach was developed for the synthesis of high molecular-weight cyclic aliphatic polyesters, specifically poly(valerolactone- co -caprolactone) with varying compositions. This involved the ring-opening copolymerization of ε-caprolactone (ε-CL) and δ-valerolactone (δ-VL) in the absence of an initiator with commercial hydrogen bond donor triclorocarban and an organic base. The structure and properties of the prepared cyclic polyester were investigated using GPC, 13 C NMR, 1 H NMR, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, TOF-SIMS mass spectrometry, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The results show that the molecular weight of cyclic polyester can rapidly exceed 40 kDa, with a PDI of approximately 1.10. In comparison to linear polyester, it has a higher melting point and superior thermodynamic properties, thus presenting greater application potential. Finally, based on nuclear magnetic resonance titration, the potential catalytic processes and mechanisms of bimolecular systems on monomers in different environments were discussed. This study not only offers new insights into the structure and properties of cyclic polyesters, but also presents novel bimolecular catalytic systems using commercial urea hydrogen bond donors for the synthesis of cyclic polymer polyesters.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
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2025
·
IF 2.8
Mulenga Kalulu,Onesmus Munyati,Olayinka Oderinde,Jun Hu,Shephrah O. Ogungbesan,Guodong Fu
Anisotropic hydrogel actuators with gradient structures offer tunable mechanical properties, like directional stiffness or bending. However, creating these gradient-structured bilayer hydrogels is challenging, as current methods rely on complex, single-force programming. Developing a double-actuating bilayer hydrogel with temperature-responsive and auxiliary layers could address these limitations and enhance their applicability. In this study, an anisotropic hydrogel actuator was developed using a simple, cost-effective method to create a unique multi-asymmetric structure with an embedded gradient in one layer. The resulting hydrogels exhibited excellent temperature-responsive bending (360° within 9 s) and adaptive, complex shape-programmable deformation (2D letters, flowers, butterflies, leaves). In addition, the hydrogels demonstrated good shape memory, mechanical strength, and conductivity. Prototypes of a hydrogel gripper and humidity alarm were successfully fabricated, showcasing the potential of this strategy for designing smart hydrogels for applications in sensors, smart humidity alarms, grippers, and actuators.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2025
·
IF 2.8
Ruixue Zhai,Jiaqi Zhang,Jiawei Li,Chengyu Hong,Yiping Xu,Qiong Song,Chao Zhou
The implementation of self-healing properties in waterborne polyurethane (WPU) materials plays a pivotal role in resource conservation and pollution mitigation. In this work, a strategy was devised to balance the self-healing and mechanical properties of WPU by incorporating bis(hydroxyethyl) disulfide (HEDS), an aliphatic disulfide, as a chain extender. The synthesized WPU constructed a dynamic molecular network through dynamic disulfide bonds (S S). Meanwhile, a physical cross-linked network was formed by dynamic hydrogen bonds from carbamate groups. The synergistic effect of the dual dynamic bonds significantly contributed to the remarkable self-healing capability of WPU. Specifically, the optimal sample (SWPU-15) not only exhibited a tensile strength of 33.42 MPa and toughness of 162.19 MJ/m 3 but also achieved a healing efficiency of 81.9% when heated at 80°C for 4 h. Profiting from the abundant dynamic bonds, the SWPU-15 sample could be recycled through hot pressing or solvent treatment, with its tensile strength remaining above 20 MPa after recycling. This study provided a feasible approach for preparing environmentally friendly WPU with excellent performance and demonstrates promising prospects for potential applications.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2025
·
IF 2.8
Kaiyang Zhao,Chao Zhou,Li Liu,Guangfeng Wu
Waterborne polyurethanes with self-healing damage and restore mechanical properties became widely used. The self-healing performance was closely related to good chain segment mobility, but loose chain segments could weaken mechanical properties. High mechanical performance and high self-healing performance were contradictory. Therefore, research on how to ensure high self-healing while improving the mechanical properties of materials became one of the research directions for self-healing materials. In this work, waterborne polyurethanes with disulfide bonds were first prepared, and then nano-silica was dispersed through mechanical stirring to obtain silica-modified self-healing waterborne polyurethane (SWPU-SiX). The effect of nano-silica content on the properties of SWPU-SiX were studied. It was found that the tensile strength of the prepared material reached 16.58 MPa, and the toughness reached 67.51 MJ/m 3 representing increases of 397.57% and 150.43% compared to SWPU, respectively. It could be almost completely healed at 80C. The enhancement of these properties provides a new method for the research of self-healing materials.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2024
·Vol. 141
·期 42
·e56094
·
IF 2.7
Zhiting Tu,Weijian Wu,Zhifeng Hao,Xiang Chen,Qiuling Chen,Xiaonan Huang,Mohamed S. Selim,Jian Yu
In order to overcome the commercialized silicone-based thermal interface materials' issues such as oil leakage and mechanical damage, we developed a thermoset silicone rubber matrix (SR) achieved through the condensation reaction of hydroxyl silicone oil and tetraethyl silicate. Additionally, we constructed a self-healing and recyclable silicone rubber matrix (SCNR) by incorporating heat reversible ionic and hydrogen bonds between carboxyl and amino functionalized polydimethylsiloxane. Finally, the flexible, low oil leakage, self-healing, and recyclable composites Al 2 O 3 /BN@SR/SCNR was prepared by adjusting the ratio of SR/SCNR and the spherical alumina and boron nitride (BN) fillers. The results indicated that with SR/SCNR mass ratio of 1/0.075 and filler content of 70 wt%, the thermal conductivity of the composite reaches 1.866 W m −1 K −1 , 646% increasing over the SR/SCNR matrix. The self-healing efficiency reaches 97% and the thermal conductivity remains essentially unchanged after being recycled for three times. The composites can be bent and twisted multiple times and still return to their original shape. Notably, the oil leakage of the Al 2 O 3 /BN@SR/SCNR composites is significantly lower than that of additive silicone composites. Therefore, the recyclable thermal conductivity composite developed in this study provides a promising solution for improving the durability of heat dissipation materials in electronic devices.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2024
·Vol. 141
·期 33
·e55825
·
IF 2.7
Yizhi Geng,Xin Wang,Kangmin Niu,Chuncai Yang
With the increasing emphasis on environmental protection, there is a growing focus on the synthesis of water-solvent self-emulsifying sizing agents. In this study, five types of anionic polyester sizing agents with varying molecular weights were synthesized to explore the effect of molecular weight on the interfacial bonding strength of carbon fiber (CF) reinforced vinyl resin composites. The results demonstrated that the molecular weights of the synthesized sizing agents were precise; the particles in the sizing agents were nanometer-sized, monodisperse, and exhibited high thermal stability. When the molecular weight was 8000, it exhibited optimal wettability for CF, leading to a substantial improvement in the interlaminar shear strength, reaching 71.8 MPa, which represents a significant increase of 22.7% compared with commercial CFs (CFF). Additionally, the interfacial shear strength was maximized at 13.23 MPa, which was significantly increased by 14.2% compared with CCF. These significant improvements in surface properties and mechanical performance were attributed to the excellent wettability of the CF surface, effective spreading performance of the sizing agent, the presence of double bonds in the sizing agent facilitating reactions with free radicals on the CF surface, and the residual double bonds further undergoing curing with the vinyl resin, promoting the reinforcement of interface bonding.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2024
·
IF 2.7
Lin Mei,Zhimin Liu,Yanmei Shi,Xiangyun Zhang
Near-infrared laser-activated gold nanorods (AuNRs) with excellent photothermal property and tunable surface functionalization are considered as an ideal platform for biomedical applications. However, bare AuNRs have cytotoxicity against normal cells and are prone to agglomeration during laser irradiation. Herein, multivalent polymer-functionalized AuNRs (AuNRs@pDMAEMA-C 4 ) was constructed as a highly stable and biocompatible photothermal agent for enhanced antibacterial therapy. The functionalized polymer was synthetized via the reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization and subsequently quaternized. Moreover, positively charged AuNRs@pDMAEMA-C 4 can easily capture the bacterial surface via electrostatic interactions. The integration of photothermal therapy of AuNRs and chemotherapy of functionalized polymer can achieve enhanced antibacterial effects. Under 808 nm laser irradiation, AuNRs@pDMAEMA-C 4 possessed excellent photothermal conversion capability and can kill gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Study of the antibacterial mechanism indicated that the antibacterial action of the prepared photothermal antibacterial agent can cause serious damage of the bacterial outer membranes, result in cytoplasm leakage and bacterial death. The nanocomposites combining with near-infrared laser irradiation can facilitate rapid healing of bacteria-infected wound by rat model of wound infection and histological analysis of the wound tissues. These results suggest that the surface functionalization can be used as potential strategy to fabricate light-activated therapeutic agent for biomedical applications.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2024
·Vol. 141
·期 16
·e55270
·
IF 2.7
Yongliang Guo,Haojun Zhang,Jinfeng Cui,Junhong Guo,Baoping Yang
It is of great importance to enhance ability of charring formation for polystyrene (PS) to overcome non-charring feature during burning. Here, we demonstrate a kind of ternary intumescent flame retardant composition composed by a novel ionic liquid butyltriphenylphosphonium-chelated orthoborates (IL) with self-expanded flame retardant, ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and expandable graphite (EG), to improve flame retardancy of PS. This ternary composition promotes limited oxygen index (LOI) value to 26.6 ± 0.5% and UL-94 V0 level for PS composite with 15 wt% total loading. In addition, the peak value of heat release rate and smoke production rate of PS composite with ternary composition are separately reduced by 79.7% and 70.7% comparing to neat PS as well as 44.4% and 29.2% to its IL-free binary counterpart in cone calorimeter test. Meanwhile, the ternary composition displays compact charring bulk constructed by large-expansion-volume vermiform expanded graphite. The TG-FTIR technique is used to analyze gaseous profiles. The rheological property discloses that expansion behavior of the ternary composition contributes to robust viscoelasticity of composite and advantageous network construction at high temperature. Given the fire performance of the ternary composition, the combination of IFR and IL provides an opportunity for rational design and fabrication of functional flame-retardant system.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2024
·Vol. 141
·期 39
·e55993
·
IF 2.7
Haiyan Du,Rui Ding,Qing Xu,Jing Zhang,Dangchao Sun
The increasing demand for portable and flexible energy storage devices drives the rapid development of flexible electrodes and electrolytes. Meanwhile, the free-standing polymer electrodes face great chance and challenge. In this work, the stretchable and flexible polyaniline/carbon nanotube/poly(vinyl alcohol) electrode (PANI/CNT/PVA-E) was fabricated by in-situ polymerization of aniline in CNT/PVA-E substrate, where CNT was used to enhance the conductivity and mechanical properties of the polymer electrodes. Compared with PANI/PVA, the comprehensive performance of PANI/CNT/PVA-E was improved. In addition, the electrochemical performance and tensile property of the electrodes depended on the CNT content. The nanocomposite electrode with 0.25% of CNT possessed optimal properties with high capacitance of 248.69 mF cm −2 , and 75.29% of capacity retention over 4000 charge–discharge cycles at 1 mA cm −2 . It also exhibited outstanding tensile strength of 3.88 MPa and elongation up to 462.3%. Interestingly, the electrode possessed good heat driven shape memory effect. The temporary shape could be fixed at 70°C under extra force, and the fixed shape recovered within 10 s when it was reheated to the same temperature. It is concluded that the present work may contribute to the development and fabrication of flexible energy-storage devices, portable and highly stretchable electric devices.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2024
·
IF 2.7
Boyou Hou,Yinan Sun,Yanlin Guo,Wei Zhang,Xueying Shan,Qianqian Cui,Zhendong Chen,Qingting Ni,Jinchun Li
Developing bio-based plasticizers not only aids in the reduction of fossil fuel consumption but also presents a lower risk to human health. In this study, a fully biodegradable plasticizer—levulinate malate ethanol lactates (LMEL) was successfully synthesized from L-lactic acid, DL-malic acid, levulinic acid, and ethanol, and was compared with commercially plasticizers (acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC), dioctyl phthalate (DOP) and di-2-ethylhexyl terephthalate (DOTP)). 40 phr LMEL plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC) (40LMEL) yielded a remarkable elongation at break of 526.9%, compared with the pure PVC resin (4.5%), thereby significantly enhancing the flexibility of PVC. Moreover, the optical transparency of 40LMEL samples was found to be equivalent to PVC plasticized with three commercial plasticizers. Most importantly, compared with three commercial plasticizers, 40LMEL exhibited superior resistance to migration and volatility, with mass losses of 1.055% in H 2 O, 13.601% in n-hexane, 14.636% in ethanol, and 1.496% in activated carbon, respectively. Soil degradation experiments have demonstrated that LMEL can be broken down by microorganisms in the soil into nontoxic aliphatic compounds (e.g., 4-oxo-pentanoic acid, and 4,5,7-trihydroxy 2-octenoic acid, et al.). Collectively, LMEL exhibited better overall performance than three commercial plasticizers. This work provides new options for the design of efficient fully bio-based plasticizers.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2024
·
IF 2.7
Jinlin Man,Xinyue Guan,Guanshao Huang,Junjie Zhou,Han Miao,Xinxin Li
The development of effective dispersants for nanoparticle suspensions is crucial for enhancing the performance and stability of various functional materials. In this study, we investigated a series of comb-like block copolymers with well-defined structures, including both categories of block copolymers and uniformly composed random copolymers, as dispersants for cerium oxide (CeO 2 ) suspensions. Acrylic acid (AA) units were used for anchoring and electrostatic repulsion, while methoxy polyethylene glycol acrylate (MPEGA) units provided additional steric hindrance and solubility. We explored stabilization mechanisms involving polymer topologies, chain lengths, compositions, and molecular interactions from kinetic and thermodynamic perspectives. The results demonstrate significant improvements in dispersion stability with both categories of well-controlled copolymers, especially with uniformly composed random copolymers due to their uniformly distributed multi-point anchoring and balanced electrostatic and steric stabilization. This research not only enhances the fundamental understanding of polymer-nanoparticle interactions and polymer dispersants, but also provides valuable guidance for the tailored design of dispersants for specific industrial and scientific needs.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2024
·Vol. 141
·期 39
·e55997
·
IF 2.7
Ao Nan Lai,Zhen Wang,Ren Ke Lin,Xin Zhi Han,Shu Feng Zhou
The anion exchange membrane (AEM) suffered from poor mechanical properties and low ionic conductivity in fuel cells. Herein, a series of novel block fluorene-contained poly(arylene ether ketone)s backbones are synthesized by a tandem one-pot process and then grafted with alkyl chains to form comb-shaped structure for preparing AEMs. The one-pot synthesis of block copolymer avoids the multiple purifications of oligomers. The membranes' structure–property relationship is studied by changing the ratios of hydrophilic and hydrophobic segments. The designed comb-shaped structures grafted on fluorene-containing block backbones can widen the space between chains and form clear microphase separation patterns, as determined by atomic force microscope (AFM) and small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS). Hence, resulting AEMs have a high ionic conductivity (117.4 mS cm −1 , 80°C). Meanwhile, they also present low swelling rate (SR) from 12.76% to 18.51% at 30°C, 16.84% to 24.36% at 60°C, and 18.33% to 25.81% at 80°C. In addition, excellent mechanical properties, that is, an elongation at break of 29.63% and a tensile strength of 28.72 MPa, are achieved and showed the promise of as-fabricated AEMs in fuel cell applications.
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高影响因子
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