JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY
·
2012
·Vol. 22
·期 21
·10665-10671
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IF 5.968
Anmin Nie,Jiabin Liu,Qianqian Li,Yingchun Cheng,Cezhou Dong,Wu Zhou,Peng Wang,Qingxiao Wang,Yang Yang,Yihan Zhu,Yuewu Zeng,Hongtao Wang
Taking TiO2/SnO2 core–shell nanowires (NWs) as a model system, we systematically investigate the structure and the morphological evolution of this heterostructure synthesized by atomic layer deposition/epitaxy (ALD/ALE). All characterizations, by X-ray diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, selected area electron diffraction and Raman spectra, reveal that single crystalline rutile TiO2 shells can be epitaxially grown on SnO2 NWs with an atomically sharp interface at low temperature (250 °C). The growth behavior of the TiO2 shells highly depends on the surface orientations and the geometrical shape of the core SnO2 NW cross-section. Atomically smooth surfaces are found for growth on the {110} surface. Rough surfaces develop on {100} surfaces due to (100) − (1 × 3) reconstruction, by introducing steps in the [010] direction as a continuation of {110} facets. Lattice mismatch induces superlattice structures in the TiO2 shell and misfit dislocations along the interface. Conformal epitaxial growth has been observed for SnO2 NW cores with an octagonal cross-section ({100} and {110} surfaces). However, for a rectangular core ({10} and {010} surfaces), the shell also derives an octagonal shape from the epitaxial growth, which was explained by a proposed model based on ALD kinetics. The surface steps and defects induced by the lattice mismatch likely lead to improved photoluminescence (PL) performance for the yellow emission. Compared to the pure SnO2 NWs, the PL spectrum of the core–shell nanostructures exhibits a stronger emission peak, which suggests potential applications in optoelectronics.
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ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
·
2024
·
IF 18.5
Run Li,Fan Lan,Lian Tang,Ya Huang,Siming Zhao,Baoshun Wang,Ying Han,Di Gao,Qinyuan Jiang,Yanlong Zhao,Zhuojing Zhao,Fei Wang,Rufan Zhang
Windows through heat exchange play a vital role in energy saving for realizing a net-zero carbon emission society. Dual-band electrochromic (EC) smart windows by dynamically regulate visible (VIS) and near-infrared (NIR) light are necessary for improving both building energy efficiency and habitant comfort. However, the rational design of high-performance electrochromic devices (ECDs) suffers sluggish EC response due to the slow ion transport. In this work, a locally dissociated Li + concept is proposed to construct a solid-state polymer electrolyte (SPE) with ultrafast Li + transport. The succinonitrile (SN) is employed to loosen the Li + -anion pair and the crystallographic C─O chain in the poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMA) electrolyte by its strong solvation capability. The as-prepared SPE shows a high ionic conductivity of 6.48 mS cm −1 at 30 °C and a high transmittance of >90%. The SPE-based EC smart windows exhibited a fast switching speed (3.0/3.2 s for coloration/bleaching), a high coloration efficiency (CE) of 373.8 cm 2 C −1 , and a high optical modulation in the full solar spectrum (85%, 70%, 43% at 673, 1200, and 1600 nm, respectively). Finally, the SPE-based EC smart windows shows three working modes with a temperature regulation range of 19.1 °C, exhibiting great potential in practical application.
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Journal of Energy Storage
·
2024
·
IF 8.9
Songdong Yuan,Yi Luo,Xiaobo Wang,Chuang Yao,Kai Xia,Jintao Xiao,Xinguang Fang,Guodong Jiang,Jian Xiong,Mingxia Fan
Sulfide electrolytes are a highly promising type of electrolyte due to their intrinsically soft properties and ultrahigh ionic conductivity . However, compatibility issues at the lithium interface have hindered their development in all-solid-state lithium metal batteries . Composite polymer electrolytes can indeed address interface issues, enhancing battery safety. Nonetheless, the incompatibility at the inorganic-organic interface within composite electrolytes can lead to reduced conductivity and diminished mechanical performance. Herein, we demonstrate a composite polymer electrolyte (CPE) composed of the Li 6 PS 5 Cl and polyethylene oxide (PEO) by the chemical bridging effect of (3-chloropropyl) trimethoxysilane (CTMS) on the 3D PET nonwoven framework to resolving the incompatibility between the inorganic and organic components, thereby reinforcing the chemical and mechanical performance of the electrolyte. The CPE shows superior characteristics, including elevated ionic conductivity (7.5 × 10 −4 S cm −1 ), an extended electrochemical stability window (5.3 V versus Li/Li + ), an expanded lithium transference number (t (Li + ) = 0.52), and higher mechanical strength (9.35 MPa). The assembly of a Li/Li symmetric cell, operating steadily for 400 h at a current density of 0.3 mA cm −2 while maintaining a stable and relatively low polarization voltage (70 mV), demonstrates exceptional stability with respect to the lithium electrode. Moreover, the LiFePO 4 /Li cell initially exhibits a discharge-specific capacity of 163.6 mAh g −1 with a coulombic efficiency approaching 100 % after 100 cycles at 0.1C. This endeavor offers a robust, attainable, and scalable methodology for crafting composite electrolytes, thereby paving the path for the practical implementation of all-solid-state lithium metal batteries.
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ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
·
2024
·
IF 7.1
Yujiang Sun,Xin Zhang,Shijie Xu,Shunjin Yang,Xinyu Wang,Xiaorou Cao,Xiao Sun,Yuzhe Zhang,Dehang Ren,Xiaohu Hu,Haoyu Yang,Qiaran Zhang,Zongjing Lu,Xuejing Zhang,Yongan Yang
Lithium sulfide (Li2S) is a critical material for two systems of next-generation advanced lithium batteries. However, its practical applications are seriously impeded by its expensive price due to its troublesome storage and problematic production. Herein we report the synthesis of Li2S by thermally reducing lithium sulfate with hydrogen. Compared with the industrial approach of carbothermal reduction, this new method using a gaseous reductant is advantageous because of emitting zero amount of carbon oxides, having no solid byproducts or precursor residuals, generating only one environmentally benign and recyclable byproduct of water, and not requiring postsynthesis purification. Those features make this method cost-effective and easy for material storage. Moreover, the actual synthesis involves many parasitic reactions, which surprisingly do not cause real troubles for producing high-purity Li2S. Furthermore, compared with the commercial Li2S, the as-synthesized Li2S demonstrates superior performance when used as the cathode material in lithium–sulfur batteries and as the precursor to make sulfide solid electrolyte Li6PS5Cl for all-solid-state lithium batteries. Therefore, this green method enables paving the way for practical sustainable applications of Li2S.
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ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
·
2017
·
IF 7.504
Yanchun Yang,Lijian Huang,Daocheng Pan
In our recent report (ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces2016, 8, 5308), Li+ ions had been successfully incorporated into the lattice of the selenized Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 thin film on a quartz substrate by substituting equivalent Cu+ ions, and Li+ ions was also found to have the little effect on the crystal growth and defect passivation. To further improve the cell performance of Li-doped CZTSSe devices, we conducted the same experiments on the sodium-rich soda-lime glass (SLG) substrate in this study, instead of sodium-free quartz substrate. Surprisingly, only trace amounts of Li (Li/Cu molar ratio ∼1 × 10–4) were detected in the final CZTSSe thin films; meanwhile, a large amount of sodium was present on the surface and at the grain boundaries of the selenized thin films. A Li/Na exchange mechanism is used to explain this phenomenon. Only on the sodium-free substrate can Li+ ions enter the CZTSSe host lattice, and doping Li+ ions on the SLG substrate are nearly identical to doping Na+ ions.
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ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
·
2016
·
IF 7.145
Haomiao Li,Kangli Wang,Shijie Cheng,Kai Jiang
For the first time, Sb–Sn alloys are reported as environmentally friendly positive electrodes for high performance liquid metal batteries (LMBs). Meanwhile, the dominant role of Sb in setting the potential and the inert “solvent” role of Sn in lowering the melting point and decreasing the cell cost are clarified on the basis of electrochemical titration and ex situ analysis. The Li||Sb–Sn LMB exhibits superior rate performance (only 13% capacity loss from 100 mA cm–2 to 1 A cm–2 of current densities), low materials cost (73 $ kW h–1), and high energy density (200.4 W h kg–1) at reduced operating temperature. Most notably, after 3500 h of operation (more than 430 full charge–discharge cycles), a discharge capacity of 20.6 Ah is maintained with a capacity retention of 96.7%, corresponding to a fade rate of 0.0078% per cycle, which potentially meets the metrics of large-scale energy storage without environmental concerns.
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JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY
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2017
·
IF 2.299
L. Deng,Jing Ni,J.M. Qin,X.P. Jia
Nano-particle and defect have been proved to be effective in depressing the lattice thermal conductivity and improving the performance of thermoelectric materials . In this work, In 0.5 Sn x Co 4 Sb 12 were prepared using a high pressure and high temperature (HPHT) method, In and Sn was assumed that In plays the role of a filler and occupies the Sb-icosahedron voids. Doping of In and Sn results in the defects, nanostructuring, and mesoscale structuring were all combined into a single skutterudite matrix. The thermoelectric properties were measured in the temperature range of 321–710 K. As expected, with the synthetic pressures increased，the thermal conductivity of samples improved significantly. The minimum value of In 0.5 Sn 0.4 Co 4 Sb 12 synthesized at 3.8 GPa is 1.79 Wm −1 K −1 and the highest Seebeck coefficient of sample In 0.5 Sn 0.2 Co 4 Sb 12 synthesized at 2.8 GPa reached 222 μV K −1 finally.
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JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
·
2017
·
IF 3.133
Xiao Zhang,Yiming Zhou,Yanling Pei,Yuexing Chen,Bifei Yuan,Shuangmei Zhang,Yuan Deng,Shengkai Gong,Jiaqing He,Li-Dong Zhao
SnTe, one lead-free analogue of PbTe, has been paid attention in thermoelectric community because it has the similar rock-salt crystal structure and electronic band structure . However, SnTe possesses a very high total thermal conductivity (∼10.0 W m −1 K −1 at room temperature) and a mediocre ZT (∼0.2 at 723 K). In this study, to reduce its thermal conductivity, we prepare SnTe samples by melting reaction followed by mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering . We demonstrate that both total thermal conductivity and lattice thermal conductivity can be considerably reduced through reducing particle size from micro-scale to nano-scale via facially mechanical alloying method. Experimental results show that the total thermal conductivity at room temperature can be reduced from ∼10 W m −1 K −1 for SnTe ingot to ∼3Wm −1 K −1 for SnTe with mechanical alloying 25 h. Correspondingly, the lattice thermal conductivity at room temperature was reduced from ∼5Wm −1 K −1 to ∼2Wm −1 K −1 . Combination of reduced thermal conductivity and moderate power factor, average ZT ave can be increased by 33.3%, from 0.09 for SnTe ingot to 0.12 for SnTe with nano-grain size.
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JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY
·
2017
·Vol. 100
·期 12
·5723-5730
·
IF 2.841
Zhiwei Zhou,Junyou Yang,Qinghui Jiang,Dan Zhang,Jiwu Xin,Xin Li,Yangyang Ren,Xu He
In this work, the thermoelectric properties of SnTe have been regulated synergistically by introduction of n -type ZnO nanoinclusions. On one hand, the excessive holes in SnTe matrix were compensated properly by n -type ZnO, and the Seebeck coefficient has been improved greatly due to the carrier energy filtering effect by a large quantity of ZnO-SnTe hetero-junction interface barriers; On the other hand, the thermal conductivity gets reduced by the enhanced phonon scattering from multiscale hierarchical architectures. Consequently, a maximum ZT of ~0.9 at 873K has been obtained in the 0.8 wt% sample, which enhances by 112% in comparison with the nanoinclusion-free sample.
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Journal of Materials Chemistry A
·
2016
·Vol. 4
·期 34
·13171-13175
·
IF 8.262
Zhiwei Zhou,Junyou Yang,Qinghui Jiang,Yubo Luo,Dan Zhang,Yangyang Ren,Xu He,Jiwu Xin
We studied the effect of doping with Bi on the thermoelectric properties of SnTe-based materials. Doping with Bi reduced the density of holes and increased the Seebeck coefficient over a wide temperature range as a result of modulation of the carrier concentration and an increase in the density of states effective mass. The lattice thermal conductivity was also greatly reduced as a result of the wide frequency range of phonon scattering by multiscale architectures derived from Bi doping. A maximum ZT value of c. 1.1 at 873 K was obtained in Sn0.94Bi0.06Te, an enhancement of 165% compared with the undoped sample.
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DALTON TRANSACTIONS
·
2016
·Vol. 45
·期 26
·10681-10688
·
IF 4.177
Ni Zhen,Kui Wu,Ying Wang,Qiang Li,Wenhui Gao,Dianwei Hou,Zhihua Yang,Huaidong Jiang,Yongjun Dong,Shilie Pan
Two non-centrosymmetric metal chalcogenides, BaCdSnS4 and Ba3CdSn2S8, were synthesized using a high temperature solid-state reaction in an evacuated silica tube. Although the two compounds have the same building units in their structures, namely CdS4, SnS4 and BaS8 units, both of them have different structures. BaCdSnS4 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Fdd2 and its structure can be characterized by the two-dimensional ∞[Cd–Sn–S] layers composed of corner- and edge-sharing CdS4 and SnS4 tetrahedra with Ba atoms located between the two adjacent ∞[Cd–Sn–S] layers. Ba3CdSn2S8 crystallizes in the space group I3d of the orthorhombic system and the CdS4 and SnS4 groups are connected with each other via corner-sharing to form a three-dimensional framework, which is different from the 2D ∞[Cd–Sn–S] layer structure in BaCdSnS4. The UV-vis-NIR diffuse-reflectance spectra show that the experimental band gaps are about 2.30 eV for BaCdSnS4 and 2.75 eV for Ba3CdSn2S8, respectively. IR and Raman measurement results indicate that their transparent ranges are up to 25 μm. Second-order NLO measurements show that BaCdSnS4 exhibits strong powder second-harmonic generation (SHG) intensities at 2.09 μm laser pumping that are ∼5 and 0.7 times that of AgGaS2 in the particle size 38–55 and 150–200 μm, respectively, whereas Ba3CdSn2S8 only exhibits SHG intensities of about 0.8 and 0.1 times that of AgGaS2 at the same particle sizes. The origin of the NLO response in BaCdSnS4 may originate from the macroscopic arrangement of the SnS4 and CdS4 tetrahedra. Furthermore, the photoluminescence properties of the two compounds have also been investigated and show obvious blue and green light emission.
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JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
·
2016
·
IF 3.014
Qing Tan,Wei Sun,Zhiliang Li,Jing-Feng Li
Ternary copper tin sulfide (Cu–Sn–S) compounds have been investigated for decades as promising candidates of earth-abundant thin film solar cell absorbers. Cu 2 SnS 3 is a representative member of this material system, and is highly expected to be a potential thermoelectric material by the first-principles calculations. In this work, Cu 2 SnS 3 bulk materials were synthesized by the mechanical alloying (MA) combined with spark plasma sintering (SPS), and their crystal structures, electronic transport properties and enhanced thermoelectric performance were systematically investigated. We found that pristine Cu 2 SnS 3 is a p-type thermoelectric material with a relatively high thermopower up to 300 μV/K and low thermal conductivity below 1.0 W/m K above 700 K. It revealed that In doping is an effective means to improve the electrical transport properties, which leads to a figure of merit ( ZT ) of Cu 2 Sn 0.9 In 0.1 S 3 close to 0.6 at the relatively low temperature (773 K).
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