POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
·
2026
·
IF 8.1
Tao Sun,Yong Wang,Senhao Lei,Yangtao Zhang,Bo Peng,Zhenhao Meng,Jie Liu,Zhiwei Jiang,Tao Tang
PVC/PUA/CPVC nanocomposite foams were fabricated via a plasticizing-foaming-reinforcing strategy. • PUA catalyzes the dehydrogenation of CPVC, forming a rigid preliminary carbonized skeleton and restructuring the pyrolysis pathway. • Condensed-phase trapping of volatile smoke precursors improves simultaneously flame retardancy and smoke suppression. • The optimized PVC/PUA/CPVC nanocomposite foam achieves excellent fire safety. High-performance poly(vinyl chloride)-based ternary nanocomposite foams, incorporating polyurea and chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC/PUA/CPVC), were prepared using "plasticizing-foaming-reinforcing" (PFR) strategy. Here PUA strengthened PVC matrix and CPVC endowed excellent flame retardancy. The incorporation of CPVC significantly enhances the fire safety of the foam while well-preserving its original superior mechanical properties and solvent resistance. Specifically, the foam not only achieves a UL-94 V-0 rating, but its limiting oxygen index (LOI) is also increased to 35.7%, while the maximum smoke density (MSD) and smoke density rating (SDR) are decreased to 83% and 75%, respectively. The essence of this superior performance lies in the reconstruction of the pyrolysis pathway in the condensed phase. Catalytically accelerated by PUA during early pyrolysis, CPVC generates abundant highly reactive conjugated polyenes that rapidly undergo self-cyclization and cross-linking to in-situ construct a rigid preliminary char skeleton. This skeleton-building process kinetically outpaces the acid-catalyzed melt-collapse of the matrix. Simultaneously, the crosslinked structure robustly immobilizes the monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (MAHs) generated from PVC degradation within the condensed phase within the condensed phase, forcing their in-situ aromatization and transformation into a highly graphitized, dense char layer. Furthermore, leveraging the unique "sea-island" microphase-separated structure within the cell walls and its excellent ablation resistance, the PVC/PUA/CPVC nanocomposite foam exhibits a rapid flame-triggered shape memory behavior, demonstrating broad application prospects in the field of smart fire-alarm sensors.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
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2025
·
IF 11.3
Xinying Gong,Junyi Ma,Yang He,Yuxin Dong,Yuanjun Tong,Jiayu Mao,Mao Li,Dongmei Wang,Zhengjun Gong
As widely used plastic additives, organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) widely coexists with microplastics (MPs) in agricultural soil, where MPs could act as carriers, increasing their environmental risk. However, the combined effects of UV aging and soil dissolved organic matter (DOM) on OPFR adsorption to MPs remains unclear. This study investigated the adsorption kinetics and mechanisms of six OPFRs on polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polystyrene (PS). Results showed that OPFR adsorption positively correlated with their hydrophobicity (log K ow ), dominated by hydrophobic interaction and partition. Kinetic studies indicated chemisorption governed adsorption, following pseudo-second-order kinetics. Upon UV aging, PVC exhibited increased affinity for polar/medium-polar OPFRs (triethyl phosphate, tributyl phosphate, and tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate), attributed to hydrophilic microzones formation, while PS preferentially adsorbed non-polar OPFRs (triphenyl phosphate and tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate) due to increased surface roughness and abundant binding sites. For soil DOM, it competitively inhibited OPFRs adsorption via hydrogen bonding on PVC but enhanced the OPFRs adsorption on PS through π-π interactions, acting as a molecular bridge. These findings highlight the critical role of polymer type, UV aging, and DOM in regulating OPFRs fate in soil. This will enhance our understanding of the environmental risks caused by the combined pollution resulting from MPs in soil environment.
研究领域:
环境科学
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土壤化学
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高分子科学
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吸附机制
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生态毒理学
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PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
·
2024
·
IF 8
Jieyu Liu,Jiayan Wu,Leiye Sun,Linqing Liu,Bo Li,Sheng Liu,Meiqing Chen,Tianming Wang,Jiangmin Fang,Nengwu Zhu,Pingxiao Wu
Diethyl phthalate (DEP) is a typical environmentally organic pollutant, widely used in the production process of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) to improve the flexibility of plastic materials. Its interaction with living organisms can inflict considerable harm to reproductive system functions. This research aims to utilize tetrahydrofuran (THF) to selectively break the chemical bonds in PVC molecules to provide more adsorption sites. Then incorporates the plasticizing assembly process of PVC to instantly remove and recover DEP from wastewater, achieving waste utilization, and sustainable environmental development. The research found that PTFR with a concentration of around 75 mg/L shows the best DEP removal efficiency. Sequencing batch processing removes more DEP compared to direct processing under the same material usage conditions. Furthermore, the recovery rate of DEP can reach over 90%. The technology demonstrates notable enhancements in removal efficiency and adsorption duration when compared to conventional adsorption techniques. This research has established an instant and efficient method for DEP removal, providing a new idea and technology for plasticizer treatment in practical wastewater.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
化学工程
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PubMed
高影响因子
THERMOCHIMICA ACTA
·
2017
·
IF 2.236
Mei Wang,Xianghai Song,Jianchun Jiang,Jianling Xia,Shouhai Li,Mei Li
Hydroxyl and nitrogen rich groups-containing tung-oil-based Ca/Zn (Ca-HTMA-1, Zn-HTMA-1, Ca-HTMA-2 and Zn-HTMA-2) and polyol thermal stabilizers (HTMA-1 and HTMA-2) were successfully synthesized from tung-maleic anhydride (TMA). The thermal stability tests show that CaSt 2 /Zn-HTMA-2/HTMA-2 displays the best thermal stability for poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). The superior performance is attributed to the synergistic effect of CaSt 2 , Zn-HTMA-2 and HTMA-2, which is originated from the simultaneous introduction of hydroxyl and nitrogen rich groups into the Zn-HTMA-2 and HTMA-2 structures. The nitrogen rich groups can absorb the hydrogen chloride released during the PVC degradation process, which helps to inhibit the “autocatalytic effect” and lead to better long term thermal stability. Besides, hydroxyl groups can form stable chelates with ZnCl 2 to avoid “zinc-burning” during the later PVC degradation. Besides the better stabilization performance, CaSt 2 /Zn-HTMA-2/HTMA-2 also displays comparable plasticization performance for PVC compared with other stabilizers. A possible stabilizing mechanism of PVC/CaSt 2 /Zn-HTMA-2/HTMA-2 system was presented.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS
·
2021
·Vol. 51
·期 1
·68-76
·
IF 1.938
Cui Xinying,Liu Li,Liu Xiaoyang,Li Yixin,Feng Yi,Ma Lijie,Liu Liangyu,Xue Ying,Zhu Yanchao,Wang Xiaofeng
Rice husks (RHs) are rich in silica and organic carbon components, which have been widely applied in lithium ion batteries. However, the natural structure of uneven dispersion between SiO 2 and amorphous C in RHs leads to poor electrical conductivity and structural integrity. In this work, SiO 2 /C composites were prepared by mechanical mixing and high-temperature carbonization from RHs, with coal tar electronic pitch (CTEP) or polyvinyl chloride (PVC) as the carbon coating agent, which imparted some improvement in cycling performance, initial coulombic efficiency (ICE), and rate performance. Compared with the high electrical conductivity of CTEP, PVC with low viscosity coated uniformly the surface of BM-SiO 2 /C, which is beneficial to providing both elastic and mechanical stability and keeping the structural integrity. BM-SiO 2 /C-PVC-6 exhibits a more stable cycling performance and higher specific capacity of 730 mA h g -1 after 100 cycles at 0.1 A g -1 , with the ICE of 60%. Hence, the application of carbon coating agent plays a vital role in improving the electrochemical performance of SiO 2 /C composites. PVC with excellent coating performance was selected to coat RHs-SiO 2 /C and the electrochemical performance was enhanced, which provides a method of converting biomass material into a useful storage device.
研究领域:
材料科学
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能源存储
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
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2017
·Vol. 135
·期 6
·45832
·
IF 1.86
Li-Feng Fang,Hideto Matsuyama,Bao-Ku Zhu,Shuaifei Zhao
In this study, antifouling poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) blend membranes were prepared by blending the PVC based amphiphilic copolymer PVC -g- poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PVC- g -PHEMA), synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), into the hydrophobic PVC matrix via the nonsolvent-induced phase separation method. The in situ ATRP reaction solutions were also used as the blend additives to improve membrane performance. Attenuated total reflectance–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicated that the blend membranes based on the two blend routes exhibited similar surface chemical compositions. The membrane morphology and surface wettability were determined by scanning electronic microscopy and water contact angle measurement, respectively. The blend membranes showed improved water permeability, comparable rejections and enhanced antifouling properties compared with the pure PVC membrane. The PVC blend membranes also had excellent long-term stability in terms of chemical compositions and fouling resistance. The results demonstrated that ATRP was a promising technique to synthesize amphiphilic copolymer and prepare stable blend antifouling membranes. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018 , 135 , 45832.
研究领域:
材料科学
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聚合物化学
·
膜技术
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JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
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2026
·
IF 6.7
Zekai Zhang,Qingyi Xiang,Shuangqi Dong,Sijia Li,Zhijun Fu,Yue Ma,Changtao Yue
The accumulation of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) waste poses a critical environmental challenge due to its high chlorine content and the release of hazardous byproducts during conventional thermal treatment. Developing a robust, chlorine-tolerant technology for converting PVC into high-value chemicals is therefore essential for the circular economy. Herein, we propose a sustainable “catalytic pyrolysis–adsorption” decoupling strategy that integrates hydrocarbon recovery with efficient chlorine fixation. By utilizing an ex-situ configuration in a tandem fixed-bed reactor comprising Fe/Co-modified ZSM-5 catalysts and a CaO adsorbent, this process achieves the synergistic transformation of waste PVC and mixed plastics into clean aromatic hydrocarbons. Mechanistic investigations reveal that the spatial separation of pyrolysis and adsorption allows for precise reaction control: the modified zeolite promotes dehydroaromatization, while CaO chemically sequesters gaseous HCl as thermally stable CaCl 2 , effectively blocking the reformation of organochlorides. Under optimized ex-situ conditions, the system achieves a maximum liquid oil yield of 19.71 wt% for pure PVC and 23.73 wt% for simulated mixed plastics, with the final chlorine content in the liquid oil dramatically reduced to 5.02 mg/L. Furthermore, the selectivity toward high-value monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (BTEX) in the oil phase is significantly enhanced via bimetallic-driven dehydroaromatization, offering a robust pathway compliant with clean fuel standards. This work provides a green, scalable pathway for the detoxification and valorization of chlorine-rich plastic waste, offering a promising solution to the “chlorine bottleneck” in plastic recycling.
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高影响因子
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
·
2023
·
IF 8.4
Renjie Yang,Pengfei Chen,Heng Zhong,Fangming Jin
Lactic acid (LA) serves as a crucial platform chemical and monomer for the production of biodegradable plastic known as polylactic acid. Presently, LA is predominantly derived from the fermentation of crop syrups, a process that consumes substantial grain reserves and poses a significant threat to food security. Food waste (FW) represents a promising alternative source for LA production due to its abundant carbohydrate content. This study proposes an efficient and expeditious method for converting FW into LA at a relatively low temperature of 70 °C. The method involves the utilization of hydrochloric acid (HCl) recovered from poly(vinyl chloride) plastic (PVC) for the acid pretreatment of FW. Remarkably, this approach achieves a high LA yield of over 60% (molar yield) from simulated FW, all without the need for complex catalysts. Furthermore, the conversion process benefits from Ba2+-assisted base catalysis, demonstrating robust performance regardless of variations in the major components present in FW. This research not only offers an effective means of valorizing FW but also presents an innovative strategy to reduce the reliance of LA production on food reserves.
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Polymer-Plastics Technology and Materials
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2022
·
IF 2.439
Weihua Ye,Zhi Wen,Chao Chen,Minyan Zhang,Zhengfu Liao
Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) has been widely used in many fields due to its excellent comprehensive properties, although its thermal stability is poor. In the article, a urea derivative, cyanoacetylurea, is prepared and its structure is characterized by means of FTIR and 1H-NMR. The stabilization effect of cyanoacetylurea on PVC thermal stabilization is evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), thermal aging test and Congo red test. Meanwhile, the processability of PVC stabilized by cyanoacetylurea is investigated through dynamic performance test. Compared with calcium stearate (CaSt2) and zinc stearate (ZnSt2), cyanoacetylurea shows higher stabilization effect on PVC thermal stabilization than CaSt2 and ZnSt2. Also, the synergistic effect of mixtures of cyanoacetylurea, CaSt2 and ZnSt2 on PVC thermal stabilization is investigated. At last, the stabilization mechanism is discussed and cyanoacetylurea is able to absorb hydrogen chloride and to add hydrogen chloride on the carbonyl group, as well as postpone “zinc burning.” The results show that cyanoacetylurea presents a good thermal stabilization efficiency and can be a potential organic thermal stabilizer for PVC.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
·
高分子科学
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高影响因子
Nature Communications
·
2022
·Vol. 13
·期 1
·1-14
·
IF 17.694
Zhang Zhe,Peng Haoran,Yang Dongchen,Zhang Guoqing,Zhang Jinlin,Ju Feng
Evidence for microbial degradation of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) has previously been reported, but little is known about the degrading strains and enzymes. Here, we isolate a PVC-degrading bacterium from the gut of insect larvae and shed light on the PVC degradation pathway using a multi-omic approach. We show that the larvae of an insect pest, Spodoptera frugiperda , can survive by feeding on PVC film, and this is associated with enrichment of Enterococcus , Klebsiella and other bacteria in the larva’s gut microbiota. A bacterial strain isolated from the larval intestine ( Klebsiella sp. EMBL-1) is able to depolymerize and utilize PVC as sole energy source. We use genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic analyses to identify genes and proteins potentially involved in PVC degradation (e.g., catalase-peroxidase, dehalogenases, enolase, aldehyde dehydrogenase and oxygenase), and propose a PVC biodegradation pathway. Furthermore, enzymatic assays using the purified catalase-peroxidase support a role in PVC depolymerization.
研究领域:
微生物学
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环境科学
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生物技术
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基因组学
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蛋白质组学
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代谢组学
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PubMed
高影响因子
POLYMER
·
2022
·
IF 4.432
Beibei Li,Zhiwei Liu,Ying Dan Liu,Yongri Liang
Electroactive dielectric polymer gels (DPGs) have important applications in soft robots, wearable electronics, and biomedical devices etc. However, the relationship between structure and electromechanical properties of DPGs have not been fully understood so far. In this work, the effect of the bi-component plasticizers on the structure, mechanical properties, dielectric properties , and electric field induced dynamic bending actuation behaviors of plasticized poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) gels with free electrodes were investigated using the dibutyl adipate (DBA) as major plasticizer and the branch structured bio-based triethyl 2-acetylcitrate (ATEC) or triethyl citrate (TEC) as minor second plasticizer (30 wt% of bi-component plasticizer). The PVC gel films bend towards the anode side when applied electric field under free electrodes measurement condition. The electric field induced capacitance change of PVC gels was important factor to influence the bending displacement, which were influenced by the interactions between plasticizers and PVC chains in PVC gels. The bending displacement of PVC/DBA/TEC and PVC/DBA/ATEC gels is about 80% and 140% of PVC/DBA at 7.2 kV (corresponding to 180 V/mm of nominal electric field), respectively. The synergistic and counteractive effects of bi-component plasticizers on the bending actuation of PVC gels are mainly attributed to the competition between plasticization effect of PVC and interactions of inter-plasticizers. Our results provide a new insight for the design of high performance electroactive dielectric polymer gel materials.
研究领域:
材料科学
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高分子化学
·
智能材料
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高影响因子
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
·
2021
·
IF 4.539
Yefeng Feng,Hongrong Qiu,Bingshuang Mao,Maolin Bo,Qihuang Deng
High dielectric constant and breakdown strength of composite dielectrics are key for high energy density in capacitors. However, high dielectric constant is frequently accompanied by rather low breakdown strength. To obtain high dielectric constant and breakdown strength, in this work, polymer-based ternary composites bearing V 2 C MXene-Cu 2 O hybrid filler have been prepared. First, V 2 C and V 2 C-Cu 2 O fillers were synthesized. Then, binary polymer/V 2 C and ternary polymer/V 2 C-Cu 2 O composite films were fabricated. Via measurements, significantly optimized electric traits were realized in ternary composites compared with binary ones. In ternary system , higher dielectric constant was attributed to high-polarity V 2 C/Cu 2 O interface-phase, notably reduced dielectric loss low polymer/V 2 C interface leakage conductance, and greatly improved breakdown strength low total leakage current . Finally, V 2 C/Cu 2 O interfacial effect was disclosed using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Electronic migration and stable bonding at interface were rationalized. Ternary composite with 7 wt% filler showed a high dielectric constant of ~55 and low dielectric loss of ~0.085 at 100 Hz as well as high breakdown strength of ~332 MV m −1 . In novelty, V 2 C/Cu 2 O interface-phase containing quantum-sized high-polarity micro-regions has been proposed to contribute to high dielectric constant of ternary system. This research might enable preparation of advanced composite dielectric materials.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电气工程
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高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）