MOLECULES
·
2022
·Vol. 27
·期 18
·5985
·
IF 4.927
Yuqin Zhang,Shiquan Bian,Jing Hu,Gang Liu,Shouhua Peng,Hongjiang Chen,Zhenying Jiang,Tongyong Wang,Quan Ye,Haibo Zhu
Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) coupled with microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) were applied to extract total flavonoid compounds from spent sweet potato (Ipomoea batatasL.) leaves. In this study, ten different NADESs were successfully synthesized for the MAE. Based on single-factor experiments, the response surface methodology (RSM) was applied, and the microwave power, extraction temperature, extraction time, and solid–liquid ratio were further evaluated in order to optimize the yields of total flavonoid compounds. Besides, the extracts were recovered by macroporous resin for the biological activity detection of flavonoid compounds. As a result, NADES-2, synthesized by choline chloride and malic acid (molar ratio 1:2), exhibited the highest extraction yield. After that, the NADES-2-based MAE process was optimized and the optimal conditions were as follows: microwave power of 470 W, extraction temperature of 54 °C, extraction time of 21 min, and solid–liquid ratio of 70 mg/mL. The extraction yield (40.21 ± 0.23 mg rutin equivalents/g sweet potato leaves) of the model validation experiment was demonstrated to be in accordance with the predicted value (40.49 mg rutin equivalents/g sweet potato leaves). In addition, flavonoid compounds were efficiently recovered from NADES-extracts with a high recovery yield (>85%) using AB-8 macroporous resin. The bioactivity experiments in vitro confirmed that total flavonoid compounds had good DPPH and O2−· radical-scavenging activity, as well as inhibitory effects onE. coli,S. aureus,E. carotovora, andB. subtilis. In conclusion, this study provides a green and efficient method to extract flavonoid compounds from spent sweet potato leaves, providing technical support for the development and utilization of sweet potato leaves’ waste.Keywords:natural deep eutectic solvents;response surface;spent sweet potato leaves;antioxidant activity
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高影响因子
MOLECULES
·
2024
·Vol. 29
·期 5
·1142
·
IF 4.2
Xin Wang,Jiatao Guo,Siqi Zang,Baodong Liu,Yuhuan Wu
Matteuccia struthiopterisis one of the most globally consumed edible ferns and widely used in folk medicine. Reports mainly focus on young fronds and the rhizome which are common edible medicinal parts. However, there are few detailed reports on other parts. Therefore, the volatile components of different parts based on HS-SPME-GC-MS were identified, and total flavonoid contents, antioxidant activities and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities were compared in order to reveal the difference of volatile components and potential medicinal value of different parts. The results showed that total flavonoid contents, antioxidant activities and volatile components of different parts were obviously different. The crozier exhibited the strongest antioxidant activities, but only underground parts exhibited a dose-dependent inhibition potential against AChE. Common volatile compounds were furfural and 2-furancarboxaldehyde, 5-methyl-. In addition, it was found that some volatile components from adventitious root, trophophyll, sporophyll and petiole were important ingredients in food, cosmetics, industrial manufacturing and pharmaceutical applications.
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JOURNAL OF ENZYME INHIBITION AND MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
·
2025
·
IF 5.4
Wei Dai,Liping Dai,Tao Su,Qin Lin,Zhiwen Lin,Shuxin Ye,Peihao Xu,Hongfeng Chen,Xilong Zheng
A green ultrasound-assisted deep eutectic solvent (UAE–DES) method was optimised for extracting flavonoid enzyme inhibitors from Blumea aromatica. Optimal conditions (choline chloride-1,4-butanediol 1:3 molar ratio, 43% water content, 50 mL/g liquid-to-solid ratio, 80 °C ultrasound for 48 min) yielded 3.15% total flavonoids, 45.2% higher than 50% ethanol extraction. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed cell wall disruption. The UAE–DES extract showed the strongest enzyme inhibition among all extracts tested (IC50 35.872 ± 0.294 µg/mL for α-glucosidase, 9.126 ± 0.285 μg/mL for tyrosinase), though the α-glucosidase inhibition was much weaker than acarbose, while tyrosinase inhibition was comparable to kojic acid. Six flavonoids were identified via UPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS, including scutellarein and corylin. Molecular docking revealed strong binding affinities (≤ −5 kcal/mol), with corylin showing the highest binding to both enzymes through hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions. This approach supports sustainable discovery of natural enzyme inhibitors for antidiabetic and skin-whitening applications.
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Journal of Integrative Agriculture
·
2025
·
IF 4.4
Lingfang Ran,Yaohua Li,Long Chen,Tong Mo,Nian Liu,Shijia Xu,Yucheng Su,Chuannan Wang,Aimin Liang,Jianyan Zeng,Wanting Yu,Jie Kong,Yuehua Xiao
Naturally colored cotton (NCC) represents a kind of eco-friendly and sustainable textile material. Limited colors and inferior yield and quality are the major obstacles to the wide application of NCCs. The present work aimed to generate new colored cotton by synthesizing and accumulating anthocyanins in fibers. Two anthocyanin regulatory genes Lc and GhPAP1D were fused and specifically expressed in fibers of the secondary cell wall (SCW) stage. The transgenic fibers exhibited pronounced purplish-red color at 20 to 30 DPA (days post anthesis), and reddish-brown color at maturation. Meanwhile, expressing Lc and GhPAP1D led to reduced elongation rate and impaired SCW deposition in fibers, finally decreased fiber strength and length, and low lint percentage at maturation. Metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses indicated that the whole flavonoid pathway was significantly up-regulated, and multiple flavonoids, including anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins and flavonols, were accumulated in developing and mature fibers. It was also found that lignin biosynthesis and accumulation were significantly increased in fibers of the SCW synthesis stage. Our results provided a feasible strategy to promote anthocyanin synthesis and accumulation in cotton fibers, and also its side effects on fiber coloration and development, which laid the foundation for future NCC color innovation.
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MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL
·
2025
·
IF 5.1
Zongkui Qin,Tian Lei,Nengxiang Wu,Xinxiang Shu,Leilei Liu,Zhijian Tan
Developing efficient methods for separating and purifying citrus flavonoids is challenging. This work explored a temperature-responsive composite membrane using poly(ionic liquid) (PIL), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), and metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), enabling selective separation of flavonoid glycosides (naringin and neohesperidin) and aglycones (naringenin and hesperetin). A PIL containing temperature-responsive monomer of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM), was doped into the PVDF matrix, and zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) was anchored on the PIL/PVDF membrane surface via in-situ synthesis, forming a stable structure. Their porosity, hydrophobicity, thermal stability, and mechanical strength were confirmed. When the temperature increased from 30 to 35 °C, the membrane pore size significantly expanded due to the contraction effect of NIPAM, resulting in an increase in the water flux of the four composite membranes by more than 27.8 %. Furthermore, five experimental variables, including the molar ratio of PIL monomer, temperature, feed concentration, feed pH, and NaCl concentration were selected to systematically evaluate the separation performance of the composite membrane for four citrus flavonoids. The results demonstrated that the composite membrane containing both ZIF-8 and PIL exhibited significantly higher separation efficiency compared to pure PVDF and PIL/PVDF membranes. Among them, the M4 membrane performed the best, achieving a total rejection rate of 307.35 % and a separation selectivity of 47.77 % for the four flavonoids at 25 °C. The composite membrane could be regenerated using an alkaline solution (pH = 11), with a total recovery rate of 312.13 % for the four flavonoids, including a recovery rate of 95.39 % for naringenin. Although the membrane structure remained intact after five reuse cycles, the rejection rate showed a decline. This composite membrane is a promising candidate material that can efficiently and selectively separate flavonoid glycosides and aglycones and offers a reference for the separation of other plant active components.
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MACROMOLECULES
·
2025
·
IF 5.2
Rui Yang,Kan Zhang
Designing smart chemical structures and gaining insight into the structure–property relationship can effectively guide the development of advanced green thermosetting resins. Herein, four flavonoid-based biophenols were used as sustainable raw materials for achieving novel mono-, bis-, and trifunctional benzoxazine monomers (HYD-a, CHR-a, API-a, and LUT-a). These monomers were developed to discover the roles of the oxazine ring number and hydrogen bonding on their polymerization mechanisms and thermal properties. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), nuclear magnetic resonance, and high-resolution mass spectrometry were employed to confirm the successful synthesis of benzoxazine monomers. Polymerization behavior of each benzoxazine was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and in situ FT-IR. The thermal properties of the resulting thermosets were evaluated by TGA and microscale combustion calorimetry. With the designed varieties of flavonoid-based benzoxazine structures, it has been found that the intramolecular hydrogen bonding can act as a latent curing agent for reducing the curing temperature while maintaining excellent shelf life. In addition, the onset curing temperature decreases progressively with increasing the number of oxazine rings in the benzoxazine monomer. Interestingly, the polybenzoxazine derived from bis-benzoxazine (API-a) rather than trifunctional monomer shows the best thermal stability (Td10: 438 °C, Yc: 62%) and flame retardancy (HRC: 11.4 J g–1 K–1, THR: 2.22 kJ g–1), indicating the advantage of designing high-performance thermosets based on flavonoid-based bis-benzoxazines.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
·
2024
·Vol. 25
·期 12
·6754
·
IF 4.9
Danyang Zhang,Xiaoyu Wang,Kezhuo Sun,Jianli Guo,Jia Zhao,Yuesheng Dong,Yongming Bao
Osteoporosis, a prevalent chronic health issue among the elderly, is a global bone metabolic disease. Flavonoids, natural active compounds widely present in vegetables, fruits, beans, and cereals, have been reported for their anti-osteoporotic properties. Onion is a commonly consumed vegetable rich in flavonoids with diverse pharmacological activities. In this study, the trabecular structure was enhanced and bone mineral density (BMD) exhibited a twofold increase following oral administration of onion flavonoid extract (OFE). The levels of estradiol (E2), calcium (Ca), and phosphorus (P) in serum were significantly increased in ovariectomized (OVX) rats, with effects equal to alendronate sodium (ALN). Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) levels in rat serum were reduced by 35.7% and 36.9%, respectively, compared to the OVX group. In addition, the effects of OFE on bone health were assessed using human osteoblast-like cells MG-63 and osteoclast precursor RAW 264.7 cells in vitro as well. Proliferation and mineralization of MG-63 cells were promoted by OFE treatment, along with increased ALP activity and mRNA expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG)/receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL). Additionally, RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast activity were inhibited by OFE treatment through decreased TRAP activity and down-regulation of mRNA expression-related enzymes in RAW 264.7 cells. Overall findings suggest that OFE holds promise as a natural functional component for alleviating osteoporosis.
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ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY
·
2025
·
IF 9.7
Tiefeng Yuan,Chen Lin,Qingqing Yu,Xingyu Shi,Peiyi Jin,Jilong Huang,Liping Wang,Huajun Fan
Using a polyethene glycol (PEG)/ammonium sulfate system, a novel approach for one-step extraction and separation of the flavonoid aglycones from Malvaviscus arboreus Cav. flower (MACF) was developed by combining ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) with acidified aqueous two-phase extraction (AATPE). Under optimized UAE-AATPE conditions of PEG 600 of 22.8 %, ammonium sulfate of 22.5 %, 1.5 mol/L HCl, hydrolysis temperature 85 ℃, and reaction time of 60 min, MACF flavonoid glycosides were not only fully extracted but also completely hydrolyzed, and the produced aglycones were purified by biphasic separation with the yield of 35.90 ± 0.96 mg/g. The mechanism in the UAE-AATPE process including UAE and ultrasonic-assisted acid hydrolysis (UAAH), was explored by investigating the different procedures and chemical composition under ultrasonic field. The deglycosylated/glycosylated flavonoids were identified and quantified by high-resolution ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q/Orbitrap-MS) and UHPLC-DAD, revealing that MACF flavonoids were mainly composed of pelargonidin, kaempferol, catechin, cyanidin and quercetin in descending order of their content. The inhibitory assay on pancreatic lipase (PL) confirmed that the activity of the extracted aglycones with IC 50 of 563.01 ± 280.63 μg/mL was stronger than their glycosides. Kinetic and molecular docking analyses further explored and validated the PL inhibitory mechanism. The above results proved that UAE-AATPE integrating the multiple procedures, including extraction, hydrolysis and separation, greatly simplified the complex procedures and significantly improved extraction efficiency, providing a simpler, rapider and more efficient alternative for direct obtainment of the flavonoid aglycones from MACF.
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JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY
·
2023
·
IF 5.4
Li Yang,Fengxiang Zhang,Weiwei He,Boyuan Zhao,Ting Zhang,Shang Wang,Lifen Zhou,Junwei He
Ethnopharmacological relevance Hosta plantaginea (Lam.) Aschers flowers (HPF) are well-known for their high flavonoid content, which contribute to their widely as traditional Chinese medicine for alleviating inflammation. Despite their recognized potential, information regarding the total flavonoid (TF) of HPF and its therapeutic application in treating chronic prostatitis (CP) remains unknown. Aim of the study We aimed to investigate the extraction optimization, constituent analysis, and alleviating effect of TF on CP as well as its potential mechanism. Materials and methods The optimized extraction of TF from HPF was explored using response surface methodology with a Box-Behnken design model. The major flavonoids in TF were identified based on UHPLC-MS approach. Efficacy of TF (25 and 100 mg/kg, p.o.) on CP was evaluated in prostate antigen emulsion-induced autoimmune CP rat model by measuring prostatic index, the levels of leukocytes and lecithin bodies, as well as histopathological examination. The protein expression contents were detected by western blotting . Additionally, the antioxidant (DPPH and ABTS) and anti-inflammatory (cyclooxygenase 2, COX-2 inhibitory) effects of TF were also evaluated in vitro . Results The optimized conditions for TF extraction were determined as 60% ethanol concentration, 30 mL/g liquid-to-solid ratio, 30 min extraction time, and 90 °C extraction temperature, and the extraction ratio is 65.98 ± 2.14%. A total of 15 major flavonoids in TF were characterized by comparison with reference standards. TF ameliorated the efficacy of CP in rats in a dose-independent manner, including reduced prostatic index and leukocytes levels, elevated lecithin body levels, ameliorated histopathological damage to prostate, and suppressed phosphorylated protein expressions of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) p65, inhibitor of NF-κB alpha (IκBα), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk), just another kinase 1 (JAK1), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase B (Akt). Simultaneously, the IC 50 of TF to DPPH, ABTS radicals, and COX-2 were 2.02, 1.79, and 0.0838 mg/mL, respectively. Conclusions We first demonstrated that TF from HPF represents a promising candidate to alleviate CP through suppression of NF-κB, MAPKs, JAK-STAT, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways.
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Journal of Materials Chemistry C
·
2023
·Vol. 11
·期 43
·15138-15148
·
IF 6.4
Menghan Du,Zeqi Sun,Minzhen Xie,Siqi Gu,Yongchao Chen,Qi Wang
Rapid identification of the structure and active components of traditional Chinese medicine is still limited due to low extraction efficiency, long time requirements and imprecision. To overcome these limitations, we developed a novel surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) base, Ag@Cs nanoparticles, which enhanced the effectiveness of Raman spectroscopy and enabled trace analysis of drugs. Cesium ions have remarkable chemical activity and photoelectric effects. Here, the novel approach involved using cesium ions as focusing agents and thiosulfate ions as cleaning agents. Its distinctive feature lies in the introduction of cesium ions as focusing agents, which facilitates the surface modification of silver nanoparticles, leading to the formation of hotspots and consequently achieving highly repetitive and high signal-to-noise ratio Raman spectra. The results demonstrated that Ag@Cs, compared with the original method, greatly enhanced the spectral signal magnitude of glycogens and glycosides in twenty kinds of Potentilla discolor Bge. Additionally, Ag@Cs SERS enabled the analysis of glycogens and glycosides in twenty samples, which showed obvious and different corresponding characteristic peaks to distinguish them. Furthermore, by analyzing the peak spectrum information and principal component analysis of glycogen and glycoside components from ten different origins, the quality of the different origins can be determined. Compared with the original method, it was proved that Ag@Cs base could overcome the influence of citrate ions and was effectively applied in the SERS detection of flavonoids containing fluorescent components. Therefore, this method has potential applications in Chinese medicine quality control and testing technology.
研究领域:
分析化学
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药物分析
·
中医药学
·
纳米材料
·
光谱学
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MOLECULES
·
2018
·Vol. 24
·期 1
·64
·
IF 3.098
Peiying Shi,Chunlei Yang,Ya Su,Liying Huang,Xinhua Lin,Hong Yao
This study has developed a reliable and precise high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous determination of five phenolic acids and four flavonoid glycosides in rat plasma after a single intravenous administration of Kudiezi injection (KI). Chromatographic separation was carried out on an Ultimate®XB-C18column (4.6 × 100 mm, 3.5 μm) using a gradient elution program with a mobile phase consisting of water containing 0.5% acetic acid and acetonitrile at a flow rate of 0.6 mL/min. Detection was performed on a triple-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry using multiple reaction monitoring in negative electrospray ionization mode. The calibration curves of all analytes showed good linearity (R2> 0.990). The results of selectivity, intra-day and inter-day precisions, extraction recoveries, matrix effects and stability were satisfactory. Pharmacokinetic parameters showed that luteolin-7-O-β-d-gentiobioside, luteolin-7-O-β-d-glucuronide, luteolin-7-O-β-d-glucoside and apigenin-7-O-β-d-glucuronide were eliminated quickly (0.07 h
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Antioxidants
·
2025
·Vol. 14
·期 10
·1206
·
IF 6.6
Haoyu Liu,Zhen Yang,Qian Chen,Hongjuan Zhang,Yu Liu,Di Wu,Dan Shao,Shengyi Wang,Baocheng Hao
Chronic inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis (UC), currently lacks specific drugs for clinical treatment, and screening effective therapeutic agents from natural plants represents a critical research strategy. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of the flavonoid extract of Polygonum viviparum L. (TFPV) against UC. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used to identify the chemical components of TFPV, while cell and animal models were employed to evaluate its anti-inflammatory effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation. The mechanism of anti-inflammatory action was further investigated using a mouse model of UC induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). The results revealed the identification of 32 bioactive components in TFPV, with major compounds such as kaempferol, luteolin, galangin, and quercetin. TFPV effectively mitigated inflammatory damage induced by LPS in IPEC-J2 cells and C57BL/6 mice. In the UC modeled by DSS, TFPV attenuated intestinal inflammation by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α; increasing the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10; up-regulating tight junction protein expression such as Claudin-1, Occludin, and ZO-1; and inhibiting the expression of PI3K, AKT, NF-κB, and IL-17 proteins. Analysis of mice fecal samples through 16S rRNA gene sequencing demonstrated that TFPV adjusted the equilibrium of gut microbiota by boosting the abundance of Dubosiella and diminishing that of Enterococcus , Romboutsia , and Enterobacter . Untargeted metabolomics analysis further revealed that TFPV reduced inosine and ADP levels while increasing dGMP levels by the regulation of purine metabolism, ultimately resulting in decreased uric acid levels and thereby alleviating intestinal inflammation. Additionally, TFPV safeguarded the intestinal mucosal barrier by enhancing the expression of tight junctions. In conclusion, TFPV alleviates UC by blocking the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB and IL-17 signaling pathways, lessening intestinal inflammation and injury, safeguarding intestinal barrier integrity, balancing gut microbiota, and lowering uric acid levels, suggesting its promise as a therapeutic agent for UC.
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