JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
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2026
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IF 6.7
Yehua Yang,Jiaqi Li,Xuejin Li,Qichang Huang,Weiwei Jiang,Wei Zhang,Yuqian Jiang,Yao Tang
Phyllanthus emblica L. is a fruit with high medicinal and edible value. Its main bioactive component, gallic acid (GA), is significantly increased by hot air drying, yet the underlying chemical mechanism remains unclear. This study investigated the temperature-dependent transformation of phenolics during drying (80–130 °C) using UHPLC-MS/MS and Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking (GNPS). High-temperature drying (110 to 130 °C) increases the GA content by 13.4–26.9 fold. Integrated metabolomic analysis suggests this accumulation results primarily from two nonenzymatic pathways: the thermal hydrolysis of glucose galloyl derivatives (e.g., glucogallin, digalloylglucose, and trigalloylglucose), and the degradation of glucuronic acid galloyl derivatives (e.g., 2-O-galloylgalactaric acid and monogalloylgalactonolactone). While temperatures >110 °C maximize gallic acid yield, the Maillard reaction products (e.g., 5-HMF) were also promoted. These findings elucidate the chemical mechanism of GA accumulation via ester bond cleavage, providing a scientific basis for optimizing drying protocols to balance medicinal quality and safety.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
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2026
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IF 12.5
Min Xu,Xuan Zhang,Liqun Wei,Yimei Zhang,Xiaole Yin,Nan Meng,Bing Zhang,Weihong Zhao,Zhihuan Zhao
Intestinal microecological disruption, characterized by a vicious cycle of epithelial barrier dysfunction and microbial dysbiosis, is a critical driver of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). A compromised epithelial barrier facilitates the invasion of pathogens, which further exacerbates the mucosal damage through immune response and inflammatory cascades. Herein, an oral, hierarchically pH-responsive metal-polyphenol nanocomplex (Zn-GA@ES100) with synergistic antimicrobial and barrier-restoring functions is developed to interrupt this cycle. The nanocomplex is founded on a “carrier-is-the-drug” principle, where a core nanoparticle composed of zinc ions (Zn 2+ ) and gallic acid (GA) is coated with an enteric Eudragit® S100 (ES100) shell. ES100 protects the nanocomplex from gastric acid, dissolving only in the intestine. Upon reaching the acidic microenvironment of inflamed sites, the Zn-GA core specifically disassembles to release Zn 2+ and GA. Zn 2+ selectively suppresses the expansion of pathogenic bacteria ( E. coli and S. aureus ) to regulate the gut microbiome, while GA enhances epithelial barrier integrity by increasing tight junction (TJ) proteins (claudin-5, occludin-1, and ZO-1) via the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Consequently, Zn-GA@ES100 demonstrates potent therapeutic efficacy in a DSS-induced colitis model, efficiently reprogramming the gut microecology by concurrently eliminating pathogens and repairing the epithelial barrier. This nanoplatform highlights a powerful and precise therapeutic strategy for IBD.
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EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
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2026
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IF 6.8
Zhongwei Sun,Lingrui Xu,Jun Gao,Junyao Li,Guojun Zheng,Laidi Xu,Yong Kong
Multifunctional hydrogel wound dressings are prepared for wound repair. Chitosan (CS)-AgNPs gel beads are first synthesized through electrostatic attractions, which are then co-encapsulated with gallic acid (GA) in the sodium alginate (SA)/gelatin hydrogels prepared by using Ca 2+ as the crosslinker. Due to the antibacterial effects of CS, AgNPs and GA, the resulting SA/gelatin/GA/CS-AgNPs (SGGCA) hydrogels can significantly inhibit the growth of E. coli and S. aureus. On the other hand, the integration of GA can also endow the hydrogels with high antioxidant activity, which show strong scavenging capability for free radicals. In addition, the SGGCA hydrogels also exhibit excellent blood compatibility and cytocompatibility. Finally, the hydrogels are used as wound dressings for in vivo wound repair of mice, and the results demonstrate that the hydrogel wound dressings can effectively promote the healing of wounds.
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FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
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2026
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IF 8
Hongyu Jiang,Wang Li,Haonan Gong,Enhao Yao,Chaofan Ji,Xinping Lin,Beiwei Zhu,Sufang Zhang
This study aimed to investigate the dynamic changes in the flavor profile and microbial community of snakehead ( Channa argus ) treated with an edible coating during refrigerated storage at 4 °C. E -nose sensor data revealed that the raw samples exuded offensive odors with high levels of nitrogen oxides, methane, sulfur-containing compounds and terpenes after storage. Furthermore, the signals from gas chromatography–ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) demonstrated that volatile organic compounds (VOCs) characterized by pungent odors, such as 1-octen-3-ol, served as spoilage markers. The edible coating containing gallic acid (GA) effectively suppressed the increase in the total viable count of fish samples. Specifically, GA limited the generation of spoilage markers by inhibiting the growth of specific spoilage organisms identified through microbial diversity analysis, including Shewanella , Acinetobacter , Psychrobacter . This inhibition likely resulted from GA's impact on bacterial membrane permeability and membrane potential. These findings demonstrated that GA–based edible coatings effectively suppressed spoilage bacteria and the formation of off-flavor compounds, offering valuable insights for preservation strategies in aquatic products.
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REACTIVE & FUNCTIONAL POLYMERS
·
2025
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IF 5.1
Lianghuan Huang,Xinyue Cui,Kehao Fan,Ningjing Sun,Qiong Jiang,Lin Wen,Qing Lin,Shuduan Deng,Zhiyong Qin
Chitosan is a biodegradable, renewable, and biocompatible polymer with promising potential for food packaging. However, its practical use is limited by poor mechanical strength and insufficient antioxidant capacity. This study addressed these drawbacks by introducing dialdehyde cellulose (DAC) as a crosslinker and gallic acid (GA) as a bioactive additive to prepare chitosan/DAC/GA composite films. Varying the GA content (0–20 %, w /w) significantly enhanced the mechanical strength, UV barrier properties, and antioxidant activity. The composite film with 10 % GA (CDG-5) achieved a tensile strength of 32.31 MPa, a 17 % increase over pure chitosan film, and showed near-complete UV-blocking properties, with UV transmittance <0.1 % at wavelengths below 400 nm. Furthermore, the film exhibited high radical antioxidant activity (94.97 % DPPH and 92.31 % ABTS) and significant antibacterial efficacy, reducing Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus colony counts by 86.82 % and 86.52 %, respectively. GA incorporation lowered moisture content, water solubility, and swelling ratio while increasing opacity. These results demonstrate the synergistic effects of DAC and GA in improving the structural and functional properties of chitosan films, supporting their use as active packaging materials in food and pharmaceutical applications.
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Journal of Materials Research and Technology-JMR&T
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2023
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IF 6.4
Hongyuan Zhao,Meimei Guo,Fang Li,Yu Zhou,Gan Zhu,Yunhang Liu,Qiwen Ran,Fuquan Nie,Volodymyr Dubovyk
The efficient and accurate detection of gallic acid (GA) is particularly important for human health. Herein, a simple and low-cost ultrasonic-assisted strategy was proposed for the preparation of multifunctional nanocomposite of Super-P carbon black (SPCB) nanoparticles and mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs), which was used to modify the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) for the fabrication of GA electrochemical sensor (SPCB@MSNs/GCE). SPCB with pearl-chain nanostructure presented an interconnected highly conductive carbon network, which significantly improved the charge transfer efficiency. MSNs with spherical morphology and mesoporous structure exhibited uniform particle dispersion and high active surface area, which remarkably improved the surface accumulation effect of sensing electrode towards GA. Moreover, the excellent electrical conductivity of SPCB compensated for the non-conductive property of MSNs. Under the optimized condition, the electrochemical response of SPCB@MSNs/GCE sensor had a good linear relationship with GA concentration (0.5–10 μM), and the corresponding limit of detection could reach up to 4.911 nM. The fabricated nanohybrid sensor showed good reproducibility, repeatability and anti-interference property. Moreover, the satisfactory GA recoveries and RSD values were achieved for the electrochemical detection of GA in tea samples. This work provides an important reference for the highly sensitive analysis of GA in the field of food safety.
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MOLECULES
·
2022
·Vol. 27
·期 23
·8397
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IF 4.927
Abid Naeem,Chengqun Yu,Weifeng Zhu,Xuanbin Chen,Xuan Wu,Lihua Chen,Zhenzhong Zang,Yongmei Guan
Traditional wound dressings often cannot treat wounds caused by bacterial infections or other wound types that are insensitive to these wound treatments. Therefore, a biodegradable, bioactive hydrogel wound dressing could be an effective alternative option. The purpose of this study was to develop a hydrogel membrane comprised of sodium alginate, polyvinyl alcohol, acrylic acid, and gallic acid for treating skin wounds. The newly developed membranes were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), sol-gel fraction, porosity, mechanical strength, swelling, drug release and data modelling, polymeric network parameters, biodegradation, and antioxidation (DPPH and ABTS) and antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and negative bacteria. The results revealed that hydrogel membranes were crosslinked successfully and had excellent thermal stability, high drug loading, greater mechanical strength, and exhibited excellent biodegradation. Additionally, the swelling ability and the porosity of the surface facilitated a controlled release of the encapsulated drug (gallic acid), with 70.34% release observed at pH 1.2, 70.10% at pH 5.5 (normal skin pH), and 86.24% at pH 7.4 (wounds pH) in 48 h. The gallic acid-loaded hydrogel membranes showed a greater area of inhibition againstPseudomonas aeruginosa,Staphylococcus aureus, andEscherichia colibacteria as well as demonstrated excellent antioxidant properties. Based on Franz cell analyses, the permeation flux of the drug from optimized formulations through mice skin was 92 (pH 5.5) and 110 (pH 7.4) μg/cm2·h−1. Moreover, hydrogel membranes retained significant amounts of drug in the skin for 24 h, such as 2371 (pH 5.5) and 3300 µg/cm2(pH 7.4). Acute dermal irritation tests in rats showed that hydrogel membranes were nonirritating. Hydrogel membranes containing gallic acid could be an effective option for improving wound healing and could result in faster wound healing.Keywords:hydrogel membranes;hydrogel patches;wound dressing;polyphenol;wound infection;wound healing
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POLYMER ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE
·
2023
·Vol. 63
·期 8
·2596-2612
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IF 3.2
Chengde Liu,Wanting Du,Luyao Jiang,Yizheng Li,Cheng Liu,Xigao Jian
Medical devices and human implant materials carry a risk of bacterial infection. Biocompatible and adhesive antibacterial materials that prevent biofilm formation are commonly used to reduce the risk. Herein, a crosslinked chitosan/gelatin (CG) hybrid hydrogel with antibacterial and adhesive properties was developed by introducing berberine hydrochloride (BBR) and adhesive prepolymerized gallic acid (PGA) to the hydrogel. BBR self-assembles into nanoparticles and imparts AIE function to hydrogels by intermolecular electrostatic interactions and π–π stacking. The hydrogel was used as a stable carrier for BBR. The antibiofilm performance against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus after light exposure increased from 20% and 30% (CG hydrogel) to 74% and 85% (CGBBRPGA hydrogel), respectively. When used as a photodynamic agent, the hybrid hydrogel exhibited enhanced antibacterial and antibiofilm capabilities against both Gram-negative ( E. coli ) and Gram-positive ( S. aureus ) bacteria. The CGBBRPGA hydrogel showed strong adhesion to the surfaces of pig skin (9.2 kPa), glass (7.6 kPa), steel sheet (5.8 kPa), and PEEK sheet (5.5 kPa). Furthermore, it exhibits cell adhesion and shows negligible cytotoxicity, which indicates its cytocompatibility. Consequently, the fabricated hybrid hydrogel offers potential applications in biomedicine, particularly in wound dressing and surface modification of medical implants.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
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2022
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IF 8.025
Guolin Zheng,Yifan Cui,Zhe Jiang,Man Zhou,Yuanyuan Yu,Ping Wang,Qiang Wang
Superhydrophobic and hydrophobic properties are generally created by adopting low surface free energy materials. Therefore, most studies have focused on creating surface hydrophobicity by using hydrophobic or fluorinated materials. However, few studies are reported on realizing surface hydrophobicity by directly introducing hydrophilic molecules, which is also a challenge. Herein, with platinum nanozyme as the catalyst, the novel hydrophobic coatings have been rapidly gained via anchoring the polymer of hydrophilic gallic acid and chitosan or chitosan quaternary ammonium salt onto cotton fabric surface. Notably, the novel hydrophobic coatings exhibit significant advances compared with conventional hydrophobic ones created by utilizing fluorinated or hydrophobic materials, which breaks the limitation of employing low surface energy materials for gaining surface hydrophobicity. Subsequently, the sodium methyl silicate was grafted on the polymer's coatings to strengthen surface hydrophobicity and the abrasion resistance of hydrophobicity. Interestingly, the heating could induce the hydrophilicity of cotton fabric to recover to hydrophobicity. Moreover, the hydrophobic coatings also possess good photothermal conversion, UV resistance, and anti-oxidation activity for self-cleaning application and oil water separation. Briefly, the present work may open a new direction for preparing novel hydrophobic coatings by combining gallic acid and chitosan-based macromolecular carbohydrates.
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MATERIALS RESEARCH INNOVATIONS
·
2022
·
IF 0
Gan Zhu,Nan Hu,Meimei Guo,Yunhang Liu,Qiwen Ran,Hongyuan Zhao
We designed a simple and efficient electrochemical sensor for the determination of gallic acid (GA) by modifying the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) with the carboxyl-group functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs-COOH). For this kind of carbon nanomaterial, MWCNTs-COOH possessed good electrical conductivity and enough specific surface area due to the one-dimensional hollow carbon skeleton with high charge transfer efficiency. Moreover, the carboxyl functionalization of MWCNTs-COOH could promote the homogeneous dispersion of multi-walled carbon nanotubes due to the enhanced surface wettability of carboxyl groups, which helped provide larger electrochemical active surface area and more efficient electron transport channels. Based on the above advantages, the fabricated MWCNTs-COOH/GCE sensor showed a low limit of detection of 0.0067 μM in the linear GA concentration range of 0.01-10 μM. In addition, the good reproducibility, repeatability, stability, and selectivity could be obtained at the fabricated sensor.
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COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
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2022
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IF 5.518
Jing Chen,Ying Chen,Shuying Li,Jiao Yang,Jianbin Dong
Gallic acid (GA) is a valuable polyphenolic compound. GA has a strong antioxidant effect, and its biological properties are anti-inflammatory, anti-histamine, anti-tumor, scavenging free radicals and protecting cardiovascular disease. Therefore, accurate and fast determination of gallic acid content is of great significance to human health. A simple and responsive electrochemical sensor for the detection of gallic acid was constructed by modifying glassy carbon electrodes with the CeMOF/MWCNTs composites synthesized by in situ growth of Ce metal organic framework (CeMOF) on carboxylic acid-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes. The nanomaterials were characterized accurately by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscop (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and so on. Under the optimized conditions, the linear range of the sensor to detect gallic acid is 1.5 μM-200 μM, and the LOD is 0.14 μM (S/N = 3). The sensor can detect gallic acid in tea with good repeatability, stability and anti-interference.
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FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2022
·
IF 9.231
Jiaodi Li,Chenxi Wang,Xiaoling Chen,Minghui Huang,Qian Fu,Rongjie Li,Yilin Wang,Chunyan Li,Pengcheng Zhao,Yixi Xie,Junjie Fei
Gallic acid (GA) is found in a wide range of natural plants and is relevant to the health of human beings. Here, a photoelectrochemical sensing platform based on g-C 3 N 4 @CNT heterojunction has been prepared for the highly sensitive and selective detection of GA. Under the light of xenon lamp, the photocurrent of g-C 3 N 4 @CNT is 7 times higher than that of g-C 3 N 4 . And the sensor generates 4 times more photocurrent in the presence of GA than without GA. This sensor has a wide linear range from 10 nM to 10 μM with a limit of detection as low as 2 nM. Also, the abundant amino groups of g-C 3 N 4 provide excellent selectivity for the sensor. Furthermore, the sensor can be used for the analysis of GA in black tea samples, which provides a novel and rapid method for the detection of GA in food samples.
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