Materials Research Express
·
2026
·Vol. 13
·期 1
·015002
·
IF 2.5
Zhai Haolong,Yihai Shi,Fei Wang,Bo Xu
To further optimize the overall combustion performance of combustion-type tear gas mixtures and improve the effective utilization rate of the tear gas agent OC, various nanomaterials and composite nanomaterials were incorporated into the combustion-type tear gas mixture system. Using specialized equipment for measuring physical property parameters and thermal analysis instruments, changes in the physical property parameters and thermal decomposition behavior of six modified mixtures were investigated. The microstructure of these mixtures was characterized and analyzed, and the mechanism by which nanomaterial addition influences the thermal decomposition process of the mixture system was explored via the Starink method, Flynn-Wall-Ozawa method, and Coats-Redfern method. The results revealed that the maximum decomposition temperature (Tmax) of samples NP2, NP5, and NP6 exhibited the most significant reduction (approximately 40 °C), while the average combustion rate increased by nearly 17%. Correspondingly, the OC release efficiency (ωOC) rose by 8.2% to 10.2%, and the smoke concentration increased by approximately 10%. Comprehensive analysis of sample pyrolysis behavior, calculation of kinetic parameters, fitting of reaction models, and examination of combustion residues demonstrated that the activation energy of the first-stage reaction for samples NP1–NP6 varied with the conversion degree (α). This indicates that the addition of nanomaterials transformed the reaction process at this stage from a single-step to a multi-step mechanism, which is consistent with the findings from pyrolysis behavior analysis.The most probable reaction models were predicted using the Coats-Redfern method, revealing that the reaction models corresponding to each stage of samples NP1–NP6 underwent certain changes. Notably, during the first two pyrolysis stages of the samples, the models shifted from the diffusion model (D3) and nucleation model (A4) to the reaction order model (F1/F2). Additionally, this study reproduced the pyrolysis process of the tear gas mixture as it enters the combustion zone through thermodynamic simulation. The reaction processes occurring within these specific temperature ranges provide a critical foundation for further investigating precise temperature control technologies and enhancing the overall combustion efficiency of such mixtures.
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高影响因子
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
·
2026
·Vol. 18
·期 34
·46431-46444
·
IF 7.8
Luo Lian,Jiang Chenenze,Cheng Jiang,Chen Jiasheng,Zhang Liuyang,Wu Lifang,Wang Shenghao,Li Lu
AgBiS 2 has emerged as a promising optoelectronic material due to its broad spectral response and strong light absorption. However, the current use of high-boiling solvents and organic buffers restricts fundamental studies and further performance optimization of AgBiS 2 's intrinsic properties. In this study, we develop an organic buffer-free AgBiS 2 photodetector prepared using a low-temperature ultrasonic spray pyrolysis technique. Our theoretical analysis revealed that oxygen doping alters the optoelectronic characteristics by enhancing the density of states near the Fermi level, leading to consequent severe nonradiative charge carrier recombination. By incorporating excess thiourea while maintaining optimal substrate temperature for enhanced crystallinity, we successfully suppress oxygen defects and consequently improve photodetection performance. The optimized device exhibits a high responsivity of 0.046 A W −1 at 1050 nm, a low noise level (<8.5 × 10 −19 A 2 Hz −1 ), and a fast response time (0.07 μs rise, 0.60 μs decay). Benefiting from the rapid response, the photodetector delivers high-resolution imaging with sharp edge definition. This work eliminates the interference of organic buffer layers to directly reveal how oxygen defect modulation affects the intrinsic optoelectronic properties of AgBiS 2 , offering a scalable pathway for high-performance, solution-processed photodetectors.
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高影响因子
Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
·
2026
·Vol. 14
·期 3
·123068
·
IF 7.5
Jia-Cheng Ye,Xiao-Ru Meng,Bo Xia,Ting-Yu Bi,Wei Chen,Lu-jiang Xu,Shuai Gao,Zhen Fang
The direct conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into carbon foam is constrained by the divergent pyrolytic behaviors of its three primary components, whose temporal mismatch during thermochemical transformation disrupts pore network development. This study reveals that hemicellulose undergoes rapid volatilization at low temperatures (150–250 ℃), prior to the softening of lignin, creating a gas–liquid phase mismatch that causes pore collapse. Lignin serves as scaffold, cellulose as micropore enhancer, and hemicellulose as pore inhibitor. Guided by these mechanistic insights, an acid-hydrothermal pretreatment (AHP) was developed to selectively remove 85.5% of hemicellulose, synchronizing the pyrolytic phase evolution of the remaining lignin-cellulose framework. The resulting rice straw-derived carbon foam possesses a hierarchical pore structure with a high surface area (581.87 m²/g) and microporous volume (0.165 cm³/g)—2.0-fold and 2.7-fold higher than those of the untreated sample, respectively. This superior porosity endows the material with an excellent CO 2 adsorption capacity of 2.86 mmol/g (STP), outperforming commercial activated carbons (2.0–2.2 mmol/g). Notably, the adsorbent exhibits outstanding cycling stability, retaining > 96% of its initial capacity after 25 cycles with minimal loss (3.504%, desorption at 150 ℃). This work establishes a mechanism-driven, activator-free framework for rational carbon foam design from agricultural residues, grounded in the pyrolytic phase synchronization of lignocellulosic components.
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National Science Review
·
2026
·
IF 18.1
Pan Ruming,Yu Jie,Yang Youwei,Zaini Ilman Nuran,He Xibo,Rafique Muhammad,Wu Yibo,Jiang Kuandong,Dai Leilei,Fang Yi,Chao Youchuang,Wen Yuming,Guo Yanming,Debenest Gérald,Yang Weihong,Li Wangliang,Zhang Yaning,Shuai Yong
In this study, we developed a novel monolithic heating method utilizing electromagnetic induction to enhance carbon nanotube (CNT) production from plastic waste via pyrolysis-catalysis. Metal porous catalysts, including iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), and Fe-Ni alloy, enabled rapid volumetric heating, improved catalytic efficiency, and reduced energy consumption compared to conventional methods. The porous Fe catalyst demonstrated superior CNT yield, while Ni provided the highest hydrogen (H2) production. We achieved carbon recovery efficiencies of 86%, 84%, and 82% for low-density polyethylene, high-density polyethylene, and polypropylene, respectively, using the Fe catalyst. Our economic analysis indicated that CNT production from waste polyethylene and waste polypropylene is feasible, with break-even selling prices of $4.02 kg−1 and $4.87 kg−1, respectively. Our work supports the development of a circular economy by enabling the efficient conversion of plastic waste into valuable CNT and H2 via pyrolysis-catalysis.
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Nanomaterials
·
2026
·Vol. 16
·期 16
·983
·
IF 4.8
Guang Hu,Tingting Zhou,Yuxin Wei,Kuankuan Liu,Jing Tang,Junqi Wang
Biochar has attracted increasing attention as a low-cost catalyst for biomass pyrolysis due to its developed pore structure, abundant surface functional groups and tunable physicochemical properties. In this study, biochars loaded with alkali and alkaline earth metal (AAEM) species were prepared by pyrolyzing cellulose impregnated with different chloride and acetate salts, including NaCl, KCl, CaCl2, MgCl2, CH3COONa, CH3COOK, (CH3COO)2Ca and (CH3COO)2Mg. The resulting AAEM-loaded biochars were subsequently employed as catalysts for cellulose pyrolysis to investigate their effects on product distribution, particularly levoglucosan (LG) and levoglucosenone (LGO) formation. SEM and XRD analyses revealed that the AAEM precursor significantly affected the morphology and phase composition of the biochars. Chloride-derived biochars retained crystalline salt phases or formed corresponding metal oxides, whereas acetate-derived biochars exhibited more dispersed metal-containing species. The introduction of AAEM-loaded biochars generally decreased bio-oil and LG yields while increasing char production, indicating enhanced secondary cracking and repolymerization reactions. Among the investigated catalysts, alkali metal-loaded biochars exhibited stronger inhibition toward LG formation than alkaline earth metal-loaded biochars. The catalytic effects followed the order of C-KCl ≈ C-NaCl > C-MgCl2> C-CaCl2for chloride-derived biochars and C-CH3COOK ≈ C-CH3COONa > C-(CH3COO)2Mg > C-(CH3COO)2Ca for acetate-derived biochars. Notably, C-(CH3COO)2Ca and C-(CH3COO)2Mg slightly promoted LGO formation, which was attributed to the synergistic effects of alkaline earth metal species, surface oxygen-containing functional groups and acetate-derived intermediates on dehydration reactions. Thermogravimetric and kinetic analyses further demonstrated that AAEM-loaded biochars reduced the apparent activation energy of cellulose pyrolysis and facilitated thermal decomposition. These findings provide new insights into the catalytic role of AAEM-loaded biochars and suggest a promising strategy for regulating anhydrosugar selectivity, particularly for the production of high-value LGO from biomass pyrolysis.
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高影响因子
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
·
2025
·
IF 9
Manqing Li,Chunyang Lu,Jie Ren,Abdallah A. Elsherbiny,Taida Wei,Dejin Qiu,Yaowei Yu
With the widespread utilization of biomass resources, the released sulfurous gases during its pyrolysis will cause environmental pollution. The Cu-Y adsorbent offers an effective solution to this issue due to its superior sulfur adsorption capacity. In this study, the effects on the performance of biochar and the sulfur adsorption capacity of the adsorbent were investigated by adjusting the Cu loading and the co-pyrolysis temperature. The results indicated that increasing both these parameters will facilitate the decomposition of organic sulfur in biochar, leading to the formation of sulfurous gases. The 15 wt% Cu-Y adsorbent exhibited the best synergistic catalytic-adsorption performance at 300 °C, achieving a maximum sulfur adsorption capacity of 9.88 mg S/g. And the biochar desulfurization efficiency reached 83.7 %. Characterization analysis revealed that excessive Cu loading (>15 wt%) reduced the specific surface area and mesopore volume of the Cu-Y adsorbent. Furthermore, Cu species tend to aggregate into metal clusters ranging from 130 to 300 nm, which can mask active sites and consequently reduce the adsorption capacity. Additionally, high temperature (350 °C) caused the structural collapse of the Cu-Y adsorbent, leading to a significant decline in sulfur adsorption capacity. This study further clarified the adsorption mechanism of various sulfurous gases, including dimethyl disulfide (C 2 H 6 S 2 ), dimethyl sulfide (C 2 H 6 S), carbonyl sulfide (COS), carbon disulfide (CS 2 ), thiophene (C 4 H 4 S), methanethiol (CH 3 SH), and hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S). These results confirmed the dual functionality of Cu-Y adsorbent in enhancing biochar quality and adsorbing sulfur emissions, providing a sustainable strategy for cleaner biomass conversion.
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COMBUSTION AND FLAME
·
2024
·
IF 5.8
Haikun Lang,Fangping Bin,Shuyao Chen,Xiaoli Zhang,Jiuzheng Yin,Jinzeng Pan,Zhandong Wang,Lixia Wei
Fischer–Tropsch synthesis is an important route for the productions of cleaner fuels from non-petroleum materials. Monomethylated alkanes are present in large quantities in Fischer–Tropsch synthetic fuels. However, side-chain position may make a difference in the combustion of the fuels. In this work, the 4-methylheptane (MH4) pyrolysis was investigated experimentally by using a jet-stirred reactor at 800–1125 K and at 760 Torr. Major pyrolysis products, including small molecules and aromatic products, were identified and measured by using the synchrotron ultra-violet photoionization method. Several species were detected and measured, including CH 4 , C 2 H 2 , C 2 H 4 , C 2 H 6 , C 3 H 4 , C 3 H 6 , C 3 H 8 , C 4 H 6 , IC 4 H 8 , C 5 H 6 , C 5 H 8 1-3, C 5 H 10 -2, benzene, naphthalene, indene and C 6 H 5 C 2 H, etc. A detailed kinetic model of MH4 pyrolysis was developed and validated against the experimental results in this work. Rate of production analysis of MH4 indicates that the most significant consumption pathways are H-abstractions. The unimolecular decomposition reactions by the breakages of C C bonds are also important pathways in MH4 consumption. The pyrolysis product distributions of 4-methylheptane, 3-methylheptane and 2-methylheptane were compared to demonstrate the effect of the methyl side chain position on the pyrolysis of those fuels. It is noted that the mole fraction distributions of the smaller species, including CH 4 , C 2 H 2 and C 2 H 6 , are not sensitive to the position of the methyl side-chain, while those of C3-C5 products, including PC 3 H 4 , C 3 H 6 , C 4 H 6 , IC 4 H 8 , C 5 H 8 1-3 and C 5 H 10 -2, are strongly affected. Novelty and significance statement The products of 4-methylheptane pyrolysis were identified and measured by using the synchrotron ultra-violet photoionization method. A detailed kinetic model of 4-methylheptane pyrolysis at atmospheric was constructed for the first time. The consumption pathways of 4-methylheptane pyrolysis were clarified. The effect of methyl side chain position on fuel pyrolysis was analysed. 4-Methylheptane is one of the important branched alkanes in Fischer–Tropsch synthetic diesel fuel. The present work extends the understanding of pyrolysis of long branched alkanes. The results of the study provide guidance in exploring ideal compositions for diesel alternative fuels.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
燃烧科学
·
能源科学
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高影响因子
Nanomaterials
·
2025
·Vol. 15
·期 10
·751
·
IF 4.3
Jian Li,Laizhi Sun,Derun Hua,Xinning Lu,Dandan Yang,Zhiying Wu
Gallium-modified Zeolite Socony Mobil-5 (ZSM-5) zeolites were synthesized using wetness impregnation and hydrothermal synthesis methods. The structural and acidic properties of the zeolites were characterized through an analytical instrument, which demonstrated that Gallium-modified HZSM-5 zeolites retain the Mobil five instructure (MFI) framework structure, but exhibit a reduction in Brønsted acid sites and a decrease in micropore size. The catalytic performance of these zeolites in the pyrolysis of cellulose biomass and polyethylene was tested. Compared with HZSM-5, Ga-modified HZSM-5 zeolites considerably increased monoaromatic yields while reducing alkanes production. In particular, gallium-impregnated HZSM-5 increased the monoaromatic yield from 37.6% for ZSM-5 to 43.2%, while hydrothermal synthesized Ga-HMFI reduced polyaromatic and alkane yields from 6.6% and 24.6% for HZSM-5 to 2.9% and 11.4%, respectively. These results indicated that Ga-modified HZSM-5 zeolites can improve the synergy between cellulose-derived oxygenates and polyethylene-derived olefins, enhancing the yield of petrochemical hydrocarbons compared to that predicted by theoretical calculations.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
能源科学
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高影响因子
Nanoscale
·
2025
·
IF 5.1
Hao Wang,Weilong Qin,Qitao Liu,Neway Belachew,Jianming Li,Qinglu Liu,Jiabo Le,Yongbo Kuang
Bismuth oxyiodide (BiOI) has emerged as a prominent oxide semiconductor for applications in optoelectronic conversion and energy catalysis. However, the fabrication of uniform, tunable, and large-sized BiOI thin films remains challenging, limiting their versatility across diverse application scenarios. Ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP) deposition offers inherent scalability for thin-film production, yet its practical application is hindered by a limited mechanistic understanding and the absence of multidimensional control strategies. In this study, we elucidate the deposition mechanism of BiOI via USP and develop comprehensive methods for its multidimensional control, achieving modulation of the growth orientation, size and thickness of the BiOI nanoflakes and the uniformity of BiOI films. Notably, BiOI photoelectrodes with a (102) orientation exhibited exceptional photoelectrochemical performance. Through optimized spraying conditions, we successfully fabricated a uniform large-area BiOI film measuring 25 × 25 cm2 for the first time. Furthermore, utilizing BiOI as an intermediate template, we transformed its morphology into Bi2O3 and BiFeO3, paving the way for intermediate conversion methods of bismuth-based materials. This study advances the mechanistic understanding of BiOI growth via USP and establishes a multidimensional approach for the scalable synthesis of BiOI, thereby expanding the potential applications of large-area bismuth-based materials in energy and optoelectronic technologies.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
能源技术
·
光电子学
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PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
·
2025
·
IF 6.2
He Chen,Jiaxing Wang,Zhiyuan Zhang,Shuping Zhang
The development of highly graphitized porous biochar is an important strategy for biomass utilization. In this study, an iron-catalyzed pyrolysis method assisted by plastics was proposed for the fabrication of highly graphitized porous biochar. Three types of plastics, polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS), were introduced into the iron-catalyzed graphitization process using two approaches (mixing the plastics with bamboo or introducing plastic-derived volatiles to preformed bamboo char). The addition of PS-derived volatiles resulted in the biochar sample exhibiting the lowest I D /I G ratio (1.31) and the high specific surface area (822.66 m 2 /g) among all the samples. The results demonstrated that FeCl 3 and PS-derived volatiles facilitated the formation of highly graphitized porous biochar. Finally, the mechanism of PS-assisted iron-catalyzed biomass graphitization was proposed. Ferric chloride (FeCl 3 ) acted as an activator to enhance graphitization and promoted pore formation in the biochar. The aromatic hydrocarbons from PS-derived volatiles induced the growth of graphitic structure on the surface of Fe-based species, thereby increasing the degree of graphitization. This study provides a theoretical basis for the development of highly graphitized biochar.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
材料工程
·
化学工程
·
能源技术
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高影响因子
Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy
·
2025
·
IF 4.5
Sun Jiayou,Ding Tianyang,Zhao Xue,Wang Pengcheng,Chen Wen,Yu Jie
In this study, the dehydrochlorination reaction of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) was thoroughly investigated at various temperatures and reaction times. Ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) and Raman spectroscopies were employed to analyze the conjugated polyene sequences, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was utilized to characterize the functional groups present in the intermediates. The results reveal that in the very initial stages, the dehydrochlorination reaction forms soluble and colored intermediates, primarily consisting of conjugated polyene sequences without crosslinking. As dehydrochlorination progresses, the products become completely insoluble and transform into highly crosslinked black hard chucks. The obtained dehydrochlorinated intermediates were then pyrolysed using pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) to reveal their structures and decomposition mechanism. The core structure of the crosslinked intermediates is likely composed of cyclohexenes or cyclohexadienes. Among the aromatic compounds, benzenes and naphthalenes are the predominant categories with benzene being the most abundant. The crosslinking reaction inhibits benzene formation, leading to increased production of alkyl-aromatic compounds. This study proposes the structure of dehydrochlorinated intermediates and their decomposition mechanism, providing valuable insights for PVC recycling. Graphical abstract
研究领域:
高分子化学
·
热分析
·
光谱学
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材料科学
·
废物回收
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高影响因子
RENEWABLE ENERGY
·
2025
·
IF 9.1
Shanjian Liu,Jia Liu,Weiming Yi,An Zhao,Xiaona Lin,Zhaojie Qin,Zhisen He
The paper proposed an Ar/NH 3 -mediated stepwise pyrolysis strategy to regulate the component enrichment and nitrogen migration behavior of cellulose, lignin, and their mixtures during pyrolysis. There were complementary richness curves for cellulose and lignin single-component derivatives, facilitating the separation of two component derivatives. Cellulose derivatives were mainly released at 300 °C, while the pyrazoles and nitriles derived from lignin reached an enrichment of nearly 100% in the first and fourth stages, respectively. The promoting effect of interactions between the two components on product enrichment was more remarkable at 300 °C. Notably, both NH 3 and inter-component interactions jointly suppressed the release of embedded nitrogen. The comprehensive comparison revealed that cellulose was superior to lignin in deoxygenation and nitrogen doping, but nitrogen migration and transformation in the mixture were mainly determined by lignin. The paper opens up new ways for biomass components to be selectively utilized and bio-based nitrogenous chemicals to be directionally prepared.
研究领域:
生物能源
·
化学工程
·
材料科学
·
环境科学
·
分析化学
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高影响因子
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