JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
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2025
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IF 2.8
Xinyue Wang,Xiangxia Zhang,Dong Xiang,Zhuxi Liu,Libing Liu,Chunxia Zhao,Hui Li,Menghan Wang,Bin Wang,Yuanpeng Wu
Developing flexible and wearable strain sensors that combine high performance and cost-effectiveness remains a challenge. In this work, a carbon nanotube/styrene–butadiene–styrene/ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (CNT–SBS/EVA) flexible strain sensor with a double percolation structure was prepared by melt mixing and biaxial stretching at different stretching ratios (SRs). As the SR increased, the dispersion and orientation of the CNTs were further improved. Compared with the unstretched 2 wt.% CNT–SBS/EVA-1.0 sample (strain range 100%, gauge factor (GF) = 1237.95), the mechanical properties, sensitivity, and strain detection range were significantly improved after biaxial stretching. The elongation at break of the 2 wt.% CNT–SBS/EVA-1.5 (biaxially stretched at a SR of 1.5) sample increased by 310%. It exhibited higher sensitivity (GF = 176480.58), good linearity ( R 2 = 0.95) and a wider strain detection range (200%), as well as superior sensing performance and durability (2000 cycles), achieving improved performances. Finally, the practical value and potential applications of the CNT–SBS/EVA sensor in the monitoring of human physiological signals were demonstrated through response tests of different strain levels, such as joint and muscle movements.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
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2025
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IF 2.8
Ke Liu,Junjie Qu,Yanfei Zhou,Yanlu Sun,Bohan Liang,Junming Dai,Wenxing Chen,Wangyang Lu
To enhance the flame retardancy of polyamide 66 (PA66), this study developed a macromolecular flame retardant (PA–DDP) using nylon 66 salt and 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DDP). The mechanical property, flame retardancy, and flame retardant mechanism of flame retardant PA66 (FRPA66) were characterized. In a vertical combustion test, FRPA66 with a P concentration of 4000 ppm performs well in terms of flame retardancy, receiving a V-0 grade (UL-94). The cone calorimeter results indicate significantly lower heat release of FRPA66 than from pure PA66. The peak heat release rate and total heat release of FRPA66 with 6000 ppm P are 47.8% and 21.5% lower, respectively, than those of PA66. Moreover, PA–DDP exhibits flame retardant properties in gas and condensed phases. Phosphorus-containing radicals in the pyrolysis product of PA–DDP capture active radicals, thereby interrupting the combustion chain reaction and playing a flame-retardant role in the gas phase. The break of the P–C bond in PA–DDP promotes the droplet drop to carry away heat of combustion timely in the condensed phase, rather than forming a carbon layer to cut off heat transfer and oxygen supply.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
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2025
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IF 2.8
Dengwang Lai,Mengyao Nan,Hao Wu,Li Liu,Yuhua Li,Yuejun Liu,Jun Yang
A green and bio-based flame retardant, MMT@PAMEL, was synthesized by coating phytic acid (PA) and melamine (MEL) self-assembled macromolecules onto the surface of montmorillonite (MMT) nanosheets. This novel flame retardant was employed to enhance the fire resistance of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films. To evaluate its fire performance, several standard tests were conducted, including the limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning (UL 94), and cone calorimetry. The findings revealed a substantial enhancement in flame resistance. The LOI value of the PVA/MMT@PAMEL-15 composite film increased significantly from 19% (pure PVA) to 31%, achieving a UL 94 VTM-0 rating. Moreover, the peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR) of the PVA/MMT@PAMEL-5 composite film were reduced to 108.98 kW/m 2 and 2.71 MJ/m 2 , representing reductions of 57.11% and 33.42%, respectively, compared to the pure PVA film. The underlying flame-retardant mechanism was explored through thermogravimetric-infrared spectroscopy (TG-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, and infrared spectroscopy. The results revealed that the primary mechanism involved PA decomposition during combustion, which released phosphorus-containing compounds that promoted the esterification of PVA, leading to the formation of char precursors. Additionally, the barrier effect of MMT contributed to the formation of a phosphorus-carbon composite, thereby reinforcing a continuous and compact carbon layer. Simultaneously, MEL released NH 3 and other non-combustible gases, which diluted the concentration of flammable gases and absorbed heat, forming a protective gas layer. These combined mechanisms significantly enhanced the fire resistance of the PVA composite films, providing a sustainable solution for improving fire safety in polymer materials.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
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2025
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IF 2.8
Haiqing Liang,Xuejun Wang,Tao Lou
Dye wastewater presents a growing threat to both the natural environment and human health, necessitating the development of efficient, cost-effective, and eco-friendly flocculants for its treatment. In response to this challenge, this study successfully prepared a carboxymethyl cellulose-acrylamide-sodium alginate (CAS) anionic terpolymer via a microwave-assisted copolymerization method. Through the flocculation performance towards a simulated dye wastewater containing 100 mg/L of the cationic dye crystal violet, the optimal synthesis process was determined. Results indicated that the optimal CAS concentration of 30 mg/L achieved a removal rate of up to 93.7% for the dye solution of 100 mg/L. The flocculation mechanism of the CAS polymer is primarily based on charge neutralization, with additional effects from bridging and net trapping. This mechanism allows for excellent flocculation performance across wide ranges of dye concentration, pH, and ambient temperature. Furthermore, the cost of CAS is nearly equivalent to that of commercially available polyacrylamide, yet it offers a significant reduction in operating costs, accounting for only one-fifth of the cost required for polyacrylamide to remove the same amount of dye. The prepared CAS copolymer offers the advantages of abundant sourcing, low cost, eco-friendliness, and high performance, making it a highly competitive candidate for practical wastewater treatment.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
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2025
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IF 2.8
Ying Lei,Jianyang Zhang,Haoquan Zhuang,Tao Yin,Pengcheng Lin
High-power consumption causes excessive heat of 5G devices, compromising performance and lifespan. Phase change materials (PCMs) enable passive, constant-temperature thermal management but suffer from leakage and low thermal conductivity, limiting their application. In this work, a strategy of heat transfer enhancement in thermal energy storage gels by size engineering of boron nitride (BN) towards 5G thermal management is proposed. Specifically, tetradecanol (TD), whose thermal storage temperature is close to the thermal management temperature of electronic devices, is selected as the working medium. Based on the van der Waals force and hydrogen bond between TD and styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene (SEBS), TD@SEBS@BN gels (TSBGs) with suppressed leakage are formed. The enthalpy of the TSBG is as high as 128.12 J g −1 , stably storing heat at around 35.84°C. The synergistic enhancement of heat transfer of TSBGs by large/small-sized BN is studied. An efficient heat transfer network has been established by coupling large-sized BN (average 30 μm) and small-sized BN (average 1 μm). The thermal conductivity of TSBG is increased from 0.304 W m −1 K −1 to a high value of 0.966 W m −1 K −1 (an increase of 317.76%). The efficient thermal management of 5G electronic components is finally realized using TSBGs.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
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2025
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IF 2.8
Zhen Li,Anqi Li,Liang He,Jianbin Min,Shanshan Guan
Endowing rubber with recyclability represents a critical advance for energy conservation. Herein, we report a sustainable and commercially feasible strategy for developing recyclable ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM) rubber via exchangeable ionic cross-links. Maleic anhydride (MAH) was grafted onto EPDM to produce EPDM-g-MAH, introducing reactive carboxyl moieties; subsequently, bio-derived zinc phytate (ZnPA) was employed as a green cross-linker to form reversible ionic bonds. After the first recycling cycle, the EPDM-g-MAH@ZnPA rubber retained 96% of its tensile strength and more than 99% of its elongation at break. Even after three recycling cycles, the tensile strength remained at 82%. To balance mechanical performance and recyclability, zinc dimethacrylate (ZDMA) was incorporated to construct a dual dynamic cross-linking network. The EPDM-g-MAH@ZnPA/ZDMA-50 composite achieved a tensile strength of 5.86 MPa and a tear strength of 34.2 N/mm. After recycling, it retained 96.8% of its tensile strength and 86% of its elongation at break, exhibiting excellent structural stability during repeated processing. This work presents a bio-inspired, sustainable strategy for designing high-performance recyclable rubber materials by integrating bio-based cross-linkers into dynamic network architectures.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
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2025
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IF 2.8
Xin-Xi Ding,Cheng Jiang,Yong-Feng Yang,Shu-Tian Du,Ming-Guang Li,Dan-Dan Shao
With increasing concerns over resource depletion and environmental pollution, resource recycling has emerged as a key strategy for promoting sustainable development. Nanofiltration (NF) membranes, characterized by their well-defined pore size and surface charge, offer significant potential for small-molecule separation and resource recovery. However, conventional polyamide (PA) NF membranes prepared via interfacial polymerization often exhibit dense selective layers, resulting in limited permeability and constrained practical application. In this study, a cost-effective and biodegradable biosurfactant, sophorolipids, was employed as a pre-coating agent on porous polyethersulfone (PES) substrates to modify the interfacial polymerization process. The resulting NF membranes demonstrated a nearly fivefold increase in water permeability (from 5 to 25 L m −2 h −1 bar −1 ) while maintaining excellent selectivity—achieving high rejection of large molecular dyes and low rejection of small molecular dyes. The membranes effectively separated dye mixtures containing Alcian blue (MW: 1298.86 g·mol −1 ) and crystal violet (MW: 407.98 g·mol −1 ), as well as dye/salt mixtures with sodium chloride, exhibiting outstanding dye/salt selectivity. These results highlight the strong potential of sophorolipids-modified NF membranes for the sustainable treatment and resource recovery of textile dyeing wastewater.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
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2025
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IF 2.8
Xiangrong Li,Yanfei Fang,Peiyan Cheng,Tingping Lei,Xigui Wang,Tianliang Lin
This study developed an interface-functionalized ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) by incorporating a strongly hydratable zwitterion, sulfobetaine methacryloxyethyl (SBMA), to enhance its wear resistance under synovial fluid lubrication. Composite materials with SBMA gradients (0–7.5 wt%) were prepared via melt blending. Pin-on-disc tribological tests demonstrated that at 7.5 wt% SBMA loading, the friction coefficient decreased by 37% under an 8 N load, while the volumetric wear rate reduced by 49% at a 30 N load. Multiscale characterization revealed dual synergistic mechanisms: (1) interfacial hydration reinforcement - the sulfonate group in SBMA formed hydrogen-bonded hydration layers, decreasing the contact angle from 69° to 56° and suppressing wear through hydration lubrication; and (2) structural influence - SBMA prevents crystallization by acting as a plasticizer. But as concentration rises, SBMA aggregates, reducing the plasticizing impact and enhancing mechanical qualities. This study provides a novel strategy that combine superior hydration effect to enhance tribological performance of UHMWPE.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
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2025
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IF 2.8
Yi Tang,Tailiang Zhang,Qing Li,Yang Bai,Tao Huang
Foam systems are commonly utilized despite their inherent instability. This study proposes a novel approach by combining foam with gel to address the issue of poor foam stability. An organoboron-zirconium crosslinking agent, YPNE, was synthesized for gel foam through a two-step method involving zirconium oxychloride, borax, mannitol, N-methyl diethanolamine, and disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate as primary raw materials. The structural and morphological characteristics of the gel foams were analyzed using polarization microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The findings reveal that adding YPNE to the gel foam system results in a more uniform polymer distribution, a more intricate three-dimensional network structure, uniform gel foam size, and good thermal stability. The viscoelastic properties of the gel foam demonstrate elastic behavior and a relatively stable structure under low shear stress, enabling it to resist deformation and effectively store energy. This study offers novel theoretical underpinnings for using gel foam and presents innovative avenues for practical applications in oil and gas exploration, materials engineering, and related fields.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
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2025
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IF 2.8
Shuai Li,Mo Niu,Haoshui Yu,Xueying Song
Bio-degradable plastics have gained significant attention due to their biodegradability and environmental friendliness. However, how to improve the degradation rate of PBAT/PLA composites in aqueous environments is still a challenge. In this study, a green processing technology was proposed to achieve the rapid degradation of PBAT/PLA. By using lignin as an intermediate medium and adopting a continuous batch feeding strategy, the compatibility and biodegradability of PBAT/PLA composite materials are simultaneously improved in the absence of compatibilizers. The resulting PBAT/PLA/lignin films demonstrate excellent mechanical, water barrier, and degradation properties. The elastic modulus ( E ), tensile strength ( σ b ) and elongation at break ( ε b ) of PBAT/PLA/2%lignin are 124.2 MPa, 45.5 MPa, and 737%, respectively. The weight loss rate of the PBAT/PLA/10%lignin film after hydrolysis for 60 h was 30.0 wt%, which was 316% higher than that of the PBAT/PLA film. This sustainable and green processing strategy promotes the application of lignin in the field of composite materials, while solving the problems of poor mechanical properties and slow hydrolysis rate of PBAT/PLA composite materials.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
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2025
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IF 2.8
Na Wang,Rongli Zhang,Hanyu Ren,Jiangchu Gerong,Chunhui Luo
Hydrogel-based amphibious sensors have drawn much attention but have faced challenges like obvious swelling, decline in conductivity and sensing performances, and poor adhesion when immersed in water. To address these challenges, conductive hydrogels with swelling resistance, strong adhesion, and long-term stability were developed. Firstly, an anti-swelling and conductive matrix was constructed by using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), sodium alginate (SA), and calcium ions (Ca 2+ ) through freezing–thawing repeats and immersion strategies. Subsequently, a gelatin-tannic acid adhesive layer was coated on the bottom to achieve the Janus structure. Even after immersing in water for 28 days, this hydrogel still showed excellent swelling resistance (with a swelling ratio of 1.8%, a tensile stress of 227 kPa, an elongation at break of 223%, an electrical conductivity of 3.2 S/m, and a gauge factor of 1.2). In addition, the J-PSC hydrogel exhibited strong adhesion to various materials (wood, iron, glass, plastic, and skin) both in air and underwater. Therefore, an amphibious strain sensor based on this Janus hydrogel was obtained, which could enable underwater communications through Morse code. This work provides new insights into the fabrication of conductive hydrogels, holding great promise for a broad range of applications like wearable sensors, bioelectrodes, and soft robotics in aquatic environments.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
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2025
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IF 2.8
Yu He,Jiacheng Guo,Weihao Zhong,Chuanyezi Cai,Xin Guo,Gengqi Tong,Xi Chen,Shiyu Liu,Lu Ye,Tianren Wei,Jianjun Zhang
This study aims to enhance the energy storage density of polymer dielectric thin films. A linear polymer, polyimide (PI), was blended with polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). Subsequently, BaTiO 3 @SiO 2 (BT@SiO 2 ) nanoparticles with high dielectric constant (ε r ) were prepared and incorporated into the blend. PVDF/PI-BT@SiO 2 nanocomposite films were prepared by the spin-coating method, and the relationship between composition and properties was systematically investigated. The charge energy density of the nanocomposite films initially increases and then decreases with increasing BaTiO 3 mass fraction. The maximum energy density reaches 3.78 J/cm 3 in the film containing 30 wt.% BT@SiO 2 , representing improvements of 633% and 540% compared to films with 10 wt.% BT@SiO 2 and 30 wt.% BT, respectively. The breakdown strength reaches 2274 kV/cm. The rigid structure of the PI molecular chains hinders the cooperative switching of PVDF ferroelectric domains and reduces coherent coupling between them. This effect alleviates energy loss during polarization reversal and modulates amorphous polarizability. Additionally, the core-shell structure of the nanoparticles enhances interfacial compatibility. The synergistic effect of PI and BT@SiO 2 enhances the polarization response and dielectric properties of PVDF, resulting in nanocomposite films with excellent energy density and breakdown strength.
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高影响因子
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