METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B-PROCESS METALLURGY AND MATERIALS PROCESSING SCIENCE
·
2025
·Vol. 56
·期 3
·2541-2557
·
IF 3.1
Cao Jianqi,Feng Shanshan,Wang Wanlin,Huang Daoyuan,Sun Yongqi
Vanadium, an extremely important metal element, is dominantly produced from the roasting–leaching process of vanadium–bearing slags, with the roasting process involving a conversion of vanadium–containing phases including iron–vanadium spinels and liquid phase into soluble vanadate. It is difficult to extract vanadium from iron–vanadium spinels due to their ultrastabilities and complex compositions. The presence of minor elements affects the stability of iron–vanadium spinels upon roasting as well as the further leaching process. In this study, the roles of various minor elements on phase and composition evolutions of iron–vanadium spinels upon calcium roasting were investigated by both advanced experimental characterizations (EPMA, XRD and XPS) and thermodynamic calculation using FactSage 8.3. The results first showed that the iron–vanadium spinel underwent a phase transition to form two distinct phases, namely a V-enriched phase and a Fe 2 O 3 solid solution. The presence of Cr 2 O 3 , MnO and MgO did not produce a new phase, but affected the compositions of the two phases formed. However, new phases were generated in the presence of TiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 , namely a Fe 2 TiO 5 phase and an Al-enriched phase, respectively. Moreover, a higher roasting temperature enhanced the partitioning of TiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 and Cr 2 O 3 from the V-enriched phase to the Fe 2 O 3 solid solution, which promoted the enrichment of V 2 O 5 into the V-enriched phase. A lower roasting temperature promoted the formation of manganese vanadate and magnesium vanadate for further leaching process. These findings offer a guidance for optimizing the roasting conditions for maximum vanadium extraction from iron–vanadium spinels.
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MOLECULAR DIVERSITY
·
2025
·
IF 3.8
Wu Yuyu,Zhang Ximeng,Li Haocheng,Liu Xuelian,Li Jinyao
Ferulic acid, a natural active ingredient, mainly exerts antitumor activity by disrupting mitochondrial function and has the advantages of low toxicity and high efficiency. However, poor water solubility and low bioavailability have limited its further development. This article uses triphenylphosphonium salts (TPP + ) with both amphiphilicity and tumor mitochondrial targeting to modify the structure of ferulic acid, and designs and synthesizes a series of TPP + conjugated ferulic acid derivatives. Compared with ferulic acid, the water solubility, mitochondrial targeting and antitumor activity of TPP-conjugated ferulic acid derivatives were significantly enhanced. Among them, compound I 4 showed excellent anti-cervical cancer activity, mainly by reducing ATP synthesis and promoting ROS production, thus activating mitochondria-mediated apoptotic signaling to induce apoptosis in HeLa cells. I 4 also inhibited HeLa cell migration and caused cell cycle arrest to the G0/G1 phase. In the mouse model, the effective therapeutic concentration of I 4 was 2.5 mg/kg and the LD 50 was 98.11 mg/kg. I 4 demonstrated similar anti-cervical cancer activity, a larger therapeutic window and a higher safety profile than with the first-line anticancer agent cisplatin.
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Nature Communications
·
2024
·Vol. 15
·期 1
·1-12
·
IF 14.7
Liu Tao,Lan Cheng,Tang Min,Li Mengxin,Xu Yitao,Yang Hangrui,Deng Qingyue,Jiang Wenchuan,Zhao Zhiyu,Wu Yifan,Xie Heping
Seawater direct electrolysis (SDE) using renewable energy provides a sustainable pathway to harness abundant oceanic hydrogen resources. However, the side-reaction of the chlorine electro-oxidation reaction (ClOR) severely decreased direct electrolysis efficiency of seawater and gradually corrodes the anode. In this study, a redox-mediated strategy is introduced to suppress the ClOR, and a decoupled seawater direct electrolysis (DSDE) system incorporating a separate O 2 evolution reactor is established. Ferricyanide/ferrocyanide ([Fe(CN) 6 ] 3−/4− ) serves as an electron-mediator between the cell and the reactor, thereby enabling a more dynamically favorable half-reaction to supplant the traditional oxygen evolution reaction (OER). This alteration involves a straightforward, single-electron-transfer anodic reaction without gas precipitation and effectively eliminates the generation of chlorine-containing byproducts. By operating at low voltages (~1.37 V at 10 mA cm −2 and ~1.57 V at 100 mA cm −2 ) and maintaining stability even in a Cl − -saturated seawater electrolyte, this system has the potential of undergoing decoupled seawater electrolysis with zero chlorine emissions. Further improvements in the high-performance redox-mediators and catalysts can provide enhanced cost-effectiveness and sustainability of the DSDE system.
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Nature Communications
·
2024
·Vol. 15
·期 1
·1-9
·
IF 14.7
Xiao Kai,Wan Jing,Xie Hui,Zhu Yuxuan,Tian Tian,Zhang Wei,Chen Yingxin,Zhang Jinshu,Zhou Lihui,Dai Sheng,Xu Zihan,Bao Wenzhong,Zhou Peng
Embedded Dynamic RAM (eDRAM) has become a key solution for large-capacity cache in high-performance processors. A heterogeneous two transistor capacitorless eDRAM (2T-eDRAM) that combines silicon and molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ) is reported to address the short retention issue in conventional gain cell (GC) eDRAMs meanwhile eliminate the pillar capacitor in one transistor and one capacitor (1T1C) eDRAMs. The MoS 2 write transistor with low OFF current (I OFF ) enables long data retention, while the Si read transistor offers high drive current and logic compatibility. This combination enhances data retention by 1000 times and sense margin by 100 times respectively compared to full Si and MoS 2 counterparts. A three-dimensional (3D) design stacking MoS 2 on Si is demonstrated with back-end-of-line (BEOL) process to double integration density. With 6000 s data retention, 35 μA/μm sense margin, 5 ns access speeds, 3D integration and CMOS logic compatibility, this Si-MoS 2 eDRAM marks a significant advancement in memory technology.
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Nature Communications
·
2025
·Vol. 16
·期 1
·1-11
·
IF 15.7
Chen Jian-Hua,Li Wan-Ting,Cai Kun-Yu,Tu Hui-Jie,Long Zi-Tong,Akhtar Shoaib,Liu Lin-Dong
Decentralized water treatment technologies, designed to align with the specific characteristics of the water source and the requirements of the user, are gaining prominence due to their cost and energy-saving advantages over traditional centralized systems. The application of chemical water treatment via heterogeneous advanced oxidation processes using peroxide (O–O) represents a potentially attractive treatment option. These processes serve to initiate redox processes at the solid-water interface. Nevertheless, the oxidation mechanism exemplified by the typical Fenton-like persulfate-based heterogeneous oxidation, in which electron transfer dominates, is almost universally accepted. Here, we present experimental results that challenge this view. At the solid-liquid interface, it is demonstrated that protons are thermodynamically coupled to electrons. In situ quantitative titration provides direct experimental evidence that the coupling ratio of protons to transferred electrons is almost 1:1. Comprehensive thermodynamic analyses further demonstrate that a net proton-coupled electron transfer occurs, with both protons and electrons entering the redox cycle. These findings will inform future developments in O–O activation technologies, enabling more efficient redox activity via the tight coupling of protons and electrons.
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International Journal of Environmental Research
·
2024
·Vol. 18
·期 5
·1-11
·
IF 2.6
Yu Ying,Kang Wenhui,Song Jianan,He Zhenli,Wang Jianguo,Liu Yu,Yan Zhiyu
Thermally-enhanced soil vapor extraction (T-SVE) combined with sand mixing is an alternative technology for remediating low-permeable soil polluted by organic contaminants. In this study, a T-SVE apparatus with a large heating cylinder was constructed for exploring removal mechanisms of typical petroleum hydrocarbons of n -C 11 and C 13−16 alkanes, and dynamics of heat propagation within soils during T-SVE operation was simulated by CMG-STARS software. After 6 days of T-SVE, most of the soil concentration-gradient curves of n -alkanes almost coincided with their isothermal contours, suggesting the crucial role of heat conductivity on T-SVE remediation efficiency. The instantaneous concentration of n -alkanes in extracted gas showed great fluctuations, and higher than 90% of spiked n -alkanes was removed from soils. n -alkanes were more easily eliminated from soil with lower organic matter due to the less retention ratio despite the trivial impact of organic matter on heat transfer. By contrast, the higher soil moisture adopted in the study retarded heat transfer in the initial 2 days due to thermal consumption induced by water evaporation. During the last 4 days, however, the average temperature of more humid soil was obviously elevated, especially in the zones receiving less energy input. It was attributed to the fact that soil temperature was mainly determined by heat conduction, and soil pores still occupied by water were more beneficial for heat conduction, leading to the promoted evaporation of n -alkane and therefore eventual remediation efficiency. Suitable original soil moisture is important for T-SVE remediating low-permeable soil combined with sand mixing.
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JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE
·
2024
·
IF 3.5
Yu Fengqin,Xie Qiang,Zhang Zhijun,Yang Shuai,Liu Jinchang,Ren Qiang,Liang Dingcheng
Zeolites are widely used for removing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in industrial processes. However, the understanding of the competitive adsorption behavior of multicomponent VOCs on zeolites remains insufficient. This study employed grand canonical Monte Carlo simulation to investigate the adsorption behaviors of nonpolar benzene and polar ethyl acetate in both pure and mixed forms on FAU, LTA and MFI zeolites. The effects of zeolite topology, Si/Al ratio, and compensating cations on competitive adsorption were explored. The results revealed that the adsorption capacities of benzene and ethyl acetate on FAU and LTA zeolites gradually increased with increasing Si/Al ratio, consistent with the increasing trends in their specific surface areas and pore volumes. However, the MFI zeolite shows no significant change in these properties with varying Si/Al ratios. Zeolites modified with Ca 2+ significantly improved the benzene and ethyl acetate adsorption capacities, while impact on ethyl acetate adsorption is minimal. Zeolites modified with K + reduced the adsorption capacities for both benzene and ethyl acetate. For binary mixtures, Na-FAU-1, Na-LTA-1, and Na-MFI-15 exhibited high selectivity for ethyl acetate. Increasing the Si/Al ratio and K + -modification reduced the adsorption selectivity of these zeolites for ethyl acetate. Ca 2+ -modification reduces the selectivity of LTA-1 toward ethyl acetate, with minimal impact on FAU-1 and MFI-15. Dynamic adsorption experiments with commercial zeolites confirm the reliability of the simulation results in predicting benzene and ethyl acetate adsorption performance. This study is expected to provide guidance for selecting appropriate zeolites for VOCs mixtures in practical applications. Graphical abstract
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INFLAMMOPHARMACOLOGY
·
2025
·
IF 5.3
Xiang Meixian,Wu Songtao,Liu Minxin,Zhang Bin,Xia Xiankun,Tan Wenjing,Xiang Shijian
Iota-carrageenan oligosaccharides (iCOs), derived from marine red algae, are traditionally used as antithrombotic and anti-inflammatory agents in folk medicinal practice. Despite the prevailing emphasis on these aspects in their applications, the potential of iCOs as a prebiotic agent for gut health and its subsequent impact on intestinal disorders such as colitis remains largely unexplored. A DSS-induced colitis model was employed in C57BL/6 male mice to analyze the gut microbiota via 16S rRNA sequencing. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was used to assess the therapeutic effects of iCOs on colitis. RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) identified pathways and genes affected by iCOs. ELISA measured inflammatory cytokines, while western blot and RT-qPCR evaluated protein and gene expressions, respectively. The iCOs increased beneficial bacteria, such as Lactobacillus , Bifidobacterium , and Akkermansia . They enhanced short-chain fatty acid production and upregulated GPR41, GPR43, and GPR109A mRNA, influencing cytokine secretion. The iCOs reduced mRNA of SPHK1 , BDKRB1 , LCN2 , and so on, potentially through PI3K-Akt pathway inhibition, and promoted tight junction protein expression. Our findings highlight the novel therapeutic potential of iCOs in colitis, indicating a multifaceted approach to treatment that includes gut microbiota modulation, intestinal barrier restoration, and the suppression of inflammatory responses. Graphical abstract
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RARE METALS
·
2025
·
IF 11
Yue Hong-Lei,Liu Zhi-Chao,Yan Zi-Yu,Liu Guan-Qi,Chen Liang-Wei,Zhu Jian-Hua,Han Jian-Min
Magnesium (Mg)-based biometals are promising candidates for next-generation biodegradable implants in bone regeneration. However, their rapid biocorrosion in physiological environments necessitates protective coatings to enhance corrosion resistance and osteogenesis. Conventional hydrophobic modifications, while effective in mitigating corrosion, often impair biological responses, hindering tissue integration and bone regeneration. Inspired by the architecture of cell membranes, we developed a novel layered octacalcium phosphate (OCP) coating intercalated with a hydrophobic alkyl-phosphate-surfactant bilayer, imparting Mg biometals with enhanced bioactivity and resistance to biocorrosion. Additionally, an MgF 2 transition layer with a mechanically interlocking architecture is fabricated via an in situ growth approach, ensuring the long-term structural integrity and interface stability of the hybrid coating. Compared with conventional coatings, the resulting intercalated organic/inorganic hybrid coatings exhibit exceptional mechanical robustness, remarkable corrosion resistance, and bioactivities conducive to cellular adhesion and proliferation . In vivo implantation tests further revealed a significantly reduced corrosion depth (~ 1.1 μm), minimal inflammatory response, and reduced fibrous encapsulation (~ 65.2 μm), demonstrating its clinical potential. This work pioneers a bioinspired strategy for multifunctional inorganic/organic hybrid coatings, advancing the clinical application of Mg-based implants in osteogenesis. Graphical abstract
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Microbial Cell Factories
·
2024
·Vol. 23
·期 1
·1-12
·
IF 4.3
Chen Yaping,Liu Yujie,Meng Yan,Jiang Yuting,Xiong Weini,Wang Shufang,Yang Chao,Liu Ruihua
Background Ectoine as an amino acid derivative is widely applied in many fields, such as the food industry, cosmetic manufacturing, biologics, and therapeutic agent. Large-scale production of ectoine is mainly restricted by the cost of fermentation substrates (e.g., carbon sources) and sterilization. Results In this study, Halomonas cupida J9 was shown to be capable of synthesizing ectoine using xylose as the sole carbon source. A pathway was proposed in H. cupida J9 that synergistically utilizes both WBG xylose metabolism and EMP glucose metabolism for the synthesis of ectoine. Transcriptome analysis indicated that expression of ectoine biosynthesis module was enhanced under salt stress. Ectoine production by H. cupida J9 was enhanced by improving the expression of ectoine biosynthesis module, increasing the intracellular supply of the precursor oxaloacetate, and utilizing urea as the nitrogen source. The constructed J9U-P8EC achieved a record ectoine production of 4.12 g/L after 60 h of xylose fermentation. Finally, unsterile production of ectoine by J9U-P8EC from either a glucose-xylose mixture or corn straw hydrolysate was demonstrated, with an output of 8.55 g/L and 1.30 g/L of ectoine, respectively. Conclusions This study created a promising H. cupida J9-based cell factory for low-cost production of ectoine. Our results highlight the potential of J9U-P8EC to utilize lignocellulose-rich agriculture waste for open production of ectoine.
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JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH
·
2024
·Vol. 31
·期 9
·1-12
·
IF 2.6
Asghar Muhammad Rehman,Yu Weibin,Zhang Weiqi,Su Huaneng,Liu Huiyuan,Xing Lei,Yan Xiaohui,Xu Qian
In this work, a poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and cellulose acetate (CA) blend membrane is developed using the solution casting method for a direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC). The CA addition in PVDF polymer reduces the dense structure of the polymer and creates a porous surface by increasing the amorphous region that is confirmed by surface morphology and crystallinity examination tests. The high glass transition temperature of CA boosts the protection from the melting of PVDF membrane and increases the thermal shrinkage that reduces the probability of a short circuit. PVDF and CA with abundant hydroxyl groups and carboxylic groups enhance the water uptake, also the hydrogen bonding in between them promotes the mechanical strength and develops a tortuous structure that allows protons to pass through them and block the methanol crossover. The 60% PVDF and 40% CA blend membrane shows an ion exchange capacity value of 0.91 and a methanol permeability value of 4.21 × 10 –7 cm 2 s −1 , which is lower than that of the conventional Nafion 117 membrane (19.5 × 10 –7 cm 2 s −1 ). A direct methanol fuel cell with this membrane represents a power density value of 16.5 mW cm −2 with a voltage and current density values of 0.178 V and 165 mA cm −2 at 1 M methanol concentration and room temperature. Moreover, it shows a 70% voltage retention after 20 h of testing of the cell at room temperature that is superior to that of the commercial Nafion 117 membrane (48% voltage retention).
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ARCHIVES OF MICROBIOLOGY
·
2024
·Vol. 206
·期 4
·1-10
·
IF 2.3
Diao Mengxue,Chen Yanchi,Meng Lijun,Li Jianxiu,Xie Nengzhong
The stems and leaves of Panax notoginseng contain high saponins, but they are often discarded as agricultural waste. In this study, the predominant ginsenosides Rg1, Rc, and Rb2, presented in the stems and leaves of ginseng plants, were biotransformed into value-added rare ginsenosides F1, compound Mc1 (C-Mc1), and Rd2, respectively. A fungal strain YMS6 ( Penicillium sp.) was screened from the soil as a biocatalyst with high selectivity for the deglycosylation of major ginsenosides. Under the optimal fermentation conditions, the yields of F1, C-Mc1, and Rd2 were 97.95, 68.64, and 79.58%, respectively. This study provides a new microbial resource for the selective conversion of protopanaxadiol-type and protopanaxatriol-type major saponins into rare ginsenosides via the whole-cell biotransformation and offers a solution for the better utilization of P . notoginseng waste.
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