REACTIVE & FUNCTIONAL POLYMERS
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2026
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IF 5.4
Junyan Wang,Shuting Cao,Jianhui Wang,Chuanhui Gao,Na Zhang
With growing public expectations for high food quality and safety, polysaccharide-derived active packaging films with integrated functionalities have attracted increasing interest. Herein, a multifunctional, pH-responsive film was fabricated from carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) and sodium alginate (SA) using glycerol as a plasticizer, in which a coupled network was constructed via Zn 2+ coordination crosslinking and tea polyphenol (TP) hydrogen-bonding/coordination synergy. The resulting CMS-Zn-TP film exhibited reinforced mechanical performance (tensile strength of 27.2 MPa and elongation at break of 38.9%), improved water-vapor barrier properties (WVP of 3.30 × 10 −10 g·s −1 ·m −1 ·Pa −1 , compared with 4.12 × 10 −10 g·s −1 ·m −1 ·Pa −1 for the CMS film), and pronounced UV-shielding capability as evidenced by UV–Vis spectra over 200–800 nm with enhanced shielding in the 200–400 nm region after TP incorporation. Owing to the combined antibacterial contributions of Zn 2+ and TP, the film achieved antibacterial efficiencies of 93.5% against Escherichia coli and 92.9% against Staphylococcus aureus . In addition, the film showed pH-triggered release behavior: when the pH decreased below 6, decomplexation of the coordination-crosslinked structure promoted the release of Zn 2+ and TP. The CMS-Zn-TP film also exhibited strong antioxidant capacity, with DPPH and ABTS radical-scavenging activities of 90.3% and 95.4%, respectively, contributing to the preservation of fruit quality during 9-day storage. Notably, Zn 2+ migration and long-term safety/stability still require further systematic evaluation for food-contact applications. Overall, this work provides a feasible strategy for developing sustainable and functional active packaging materials.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
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2026
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IF 12.5
Zhiteng Zhai,Zirong Li,Yawen Hu,Senhai Xie,Yuanyuan Yu,Qiang Wang,Ping Wang
Silk sericin-derived pH-responsive CQDs were synthesized via microwave irradiation. • Composite hydrogel integrates photodynamic and contact-active antibacterial mechanisms. • pH-triggered fluorescence switching allows real-time visual wound monitoring. • PG greatly toughens the hydrogel through a dynamic energy dissipation network. Chronic wounds are frequently accompanied by bacterial infection and dynamic pH fluctuations, creating a demand for intelligent wound dressings capable of simultaneous infection management and wound-state monitoring. Herein, a multifunctional pH-responsive antibacterial hydrogel dressing was fabricated via free radical polymerization, by incorporating silk sericin-derived pH-responsive carbon quantum dots (pH-CQDs) into a propylene glycol (PG)-reinforced zwitterionic hydrogel network. pH-CQDs were efficiently synthesized from silk sericin, m -phenylenediamine, and polyethyleneimine using a microwave-assisted strategy, exhibiting highly sensitive and reversible pH-responsive fluorescence, along with potent antibacterial activity, achieving over 99% inhibition against S. aureus , E. coli , and P. aeruginosa . Benefiting from the introduction of PG, abundant hydrogen-bond interactions were established within the hydrogel matrix, forming an enhanced energy-dissipation network that significantly improved the mechanical robustness, toughness, and adhesion properties of the hydrogel. The resulting composite hydrogel exhibited remarkable pH-dependent fluorescence color changes, enabling visual monitoring of wound microenvironment variations. Additionally, the hydrogel possessed favorable water-retention capability, swelling behavior, fluorescence stability, disinfectant tolerance and low cytotoxicity. Due to the synergistic integration of pH-responsive sensing, robust mechanical performance, and long-lasting antibacterial activity, the obtained hydrogel represents a promising platform for intelligent wound management and infection monitoring. Download: Download high-res image (209KB) Download: Download full-size image
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JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
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2026
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IF 10.6
Yeqiang Lu,Mengyao Wei,Yuexiu Li,Xinyue Liang,Lei Qin,Zhishan Chen,Lixin Xue
A pH-responsive composite foam was developed for controllable oil recovery. • Protonation-driven wettability switching enabled reversible oil uptake. • Photothermal heating reduced crude oil viscosity and enhanced mass transfer. • Stable absorption–desorption performance was achieved over repeated cycles. Oil contamination in water poses persistent environmental risks, making the efficient removal and recovery of oil pollutants a pressing challenge. Materials capable of adapting their interfacial properties in response to environmental stimuli are highly desirable for oil pollution control. Herein, we develop a pH-responsive smart composite foam (SCF) that integrates reversible wettability switching, controllable oil absorption-desorption, and photothermal-assisted oil recovery within a single porous architecture. The SCF exhibits pronounced pH-dependent wettability switching (0°∼155°), enabling controllable separation of various immiscible oil-water mixtures. In acidic media, the SCF surface displays superhydrophilicity and underwater superoleophobicity, while it transitioned to hydrophobic/oleophilic state under neutral or alkaline conditions, with oil-water separation efficiency exceeding 99%. The SCF demonstrates reversible pH-regulated oil uptake and release, with high uptake capacity under alkaline conditions and desorption efficiency above 80% upon acidification. Integrated with a dissolved oxygen probe, the SCF enables real-time oil spill monitoring, and its photothermal conversion effectively reduce oil viscosity and accelerate absorption. Unlike traditional responsive materials relying mainly on wettability transitions, this study establishes a strategy for efficient oil recovery by exploiting pH-dependent interfacial energy changes to regulate the capillary driving force, thereby providing new mechanistic understanding of controllable oil transport and recovery in porous materials. Download: Download high-res image (213KB) Download: Download full-size image
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ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
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2025
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IF 7.3
Wenlong Chen,Xu Zhang,Chunxiao Zhang,Biyu Peng
To mitigate chromium pollution in leather manufacturing, a novel biomass-based chrome-free tanning agent (polyphenol-cyanuric chloride derivative, PCC) was developed through molecular modification of tea polyphenol (TP), a renewable agricultural byproduct, with cyanuric chloride (CC). Leveraging the pH-responsive phenolic hydroxyl groups of TP, PCC demonstrates a phase-adaptive tanning mechanism: it initially permeates as nanoscale particles (100–200 nm) under mild acidic conditions (pH 4.5–6.0) and then undergoes HCl-triggered supramolecular self-assembly into micron-scale networks (2000 nm) via π–π stacking under strong acidity (pH < 3.0). This biphasic behavior eliminates salt (NaCl) requirements while enabling complete collagen cross-linking, as evidenced by a significantly increased shrinkage temperature (Ts) of 80.7 ± 1.2 °C, which is comparable to commercially available glutaraldehyde tanning agents. The TP-derived architecture enhances leather fullness and resistance to yellowing (Δb* < 1.5 after UV aging), which is superior to aldehyde-tanned leather (Δb* > 4.0). This study establishes a sustainable strategy for converting agricultural residues into high-performance tanning materials, offering a viable solution for eco-friendly leather production.
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Frontiers in Soil Science
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2025
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IF 3.7
Chun li Wang,Chen-yang Xu,Ren-tian Ma,Qi-rui Li,Fei-nan Hu,Shi-wei Zhao,Roland Bol
Fulvic acid (FA) and humic acid (HA) are organic materials that can form complexes with metal ions, playing a crucial role in predicting the behavior of organic colloids. The colloidal stability values of FA and HA vary with pH and specific cations, but this has rarely been comprehensively examined. This study systematically compared the aggregation kinetics and colloidal stability of FA and HA and the mechanisms behind their behavior based on particle interaction theory. The results showed that higher pH values stabilized FA and HA colloids by increased electrostatic repulsive energy. Additionally, increased electrolyte concentration destabilized FA and HA colloids by cationic polarization (chemical bond formation). The cation aggregation ability followed the order Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+ > Na+, showing that the specific ion effects induced by non-classical polarization resulted from the strong electric field of the highly negatively charged FA and HA. With pH values ranging from 5 to 7 and 9, FA and HA were stabilized through raising the critical coagulation concentrations (CCCs) in NaCl and KCl. With increasing pH, the enhanced electrostatic repulsive energies in the Na+ and K+ systems resulted in weaker aggregation behaviors due to the deprotonation of the hydroxyl and carboxyl groups of colloids. Compared with HA, FA had a lower Hamaker constant, higher surface negative charges, larger CCCs, and stronger dispersion stability. This work will contribute to the understanding of organic colloidal aggregation mechanisms and act as a reference to predict their environmental behaviors.
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FOOD CHEMISTRY
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2025
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IF 9.8
Yuan Rao,Yishan Li,Yucheng Yan,Hao Liang,Qipeng Yuan
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) poses a significant threat to food safety, emphasizing the urgent necessity for innovative antimicrobial strategies. Glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) has demonstrated promising anti-MRSA potential; however, its poor water solubility limits its application in the food industry. To improve the solubility and anti-MRSA efficacy of GA, Glycyrrhetinic acid-lactoferrin nanoparticles (GA-LF NPs) were developed by the pH-driven method. The resultant nanoparticles significantly reduced the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of GA to 29.38 μg/mL, and the formation of biofilms to 27.04 %. These nanoparticles exhibited surface charge-dependent antibiofilm activity. When modified to carry a positive surface charge, the GA-LF NPs achieved a markedly higher biofilm inhibition ratio of 7.31 %. Notably, GA-LF NPs maintained biocompatibility with beneficial probiotic strains such as Lactococcus lactis ( L. lactis ) and Lactobacillus acidophilus ( L. acidophilus ). This charge-adjustable, food-sourced nanoparticles system offers a promising targeted strategy against MRSA contamination, while preserving the microbial balance in food systems.
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INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
·
2025
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IF 6.2
Nan Wu,Lili Ren,Wei Song,Jian Xu,Li Zhang,Shuai Wang,Zeyu Wang,Qiancheng He,Qingzhu Zhang
The rapid advancement of smart agriculture has created a growing demand for innovative materials capable of real-time environmental monitoring. In this study, starch/carboxymethyl cellulose/cresol red (SCR, CMCCR, SCMCCR) composite films were developed using a casting method to explore the effects of pH-responsive reagents at 0.3 wt% content on the films' physicochemical properties. The SCMCCR film showed a 20.26 % reduction in thickness compared to the SCR film, while its density increased by 26.6 %. Mechanical testing revealed that the tensile strength improved by 17.38 %, and the elongation at break remained at 52.56 %. Notably, the SCMCCR film achieved a Young's modulus of 552.96 MPa, which is over 6 times higher than that of the CMCCR film and 23 times greater than that of the SCR film. Water solubility of 27.77 % and enhanced thermal stability, with a final residual content of 49.57 % at 600 °C, were observed for the SCMCCR film. Characterization by FT-IR, XRD, and SEM confirmed structural and morphological modifications. The films raw materials exhibited exceptional responsiveness to humidity variations and film demonstrated rapid and distinct color transitions from yellow to purple across specific pH value. The environmentally friendly composition, low cost, and high sensitivity of these films make them promising candidates for real-time soil pH monitoring.
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Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials
·
2025
·Vol. 8
·期 1
·1-17
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IF 21.8
Wang Qiuyang,Wang Lanlan,Liu Xinyun,Chen Haojun,Wang Xucai,Wang Peng,Wang Weijun,Jiang Qing
Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) presents a significant medical challenge, with current surgical and antibiotic strategies often limited by high recurrence rates, the need for multiple interventions, and rising antibiotic resistance. This study introduces vancomycin-loaded magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) incorporated into ZIF-8-based nanocomposites, termed Van-IONPs@ZIF-8, designed to deliver antibiotics directly to the PJI infection site under an external magnetic field (MF) for targeted antibacterial therapy. The Van-IONPs@ZIF-8 demonstrated excellent pH sensitivity, in vitro biocompatibility, and marked antibacterial efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus . When subjected to an external MF, these magnetic nanocomposites effectively localized at infection sites. In vivo results indicated that the Van-IONPs@ZIF-8 + MF treatment significantly reduced bacterial loads on implants, decreased blood leukocyte counts, and mitigated inflammatory cell infiltration in surrounding tissues compared to controls. Concurrently, a marked reduction in both the number of pro-inflammatory cells and the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines was observed, alongside a corresponding increase in inflammatory repair cells and reparative cytokines within the local tissues surrounding the infected implants. Thus, Van-IONPs@ZIF-8, in conjunction with an external MF, facilitates precise targeting of local infection sites and promotes rapid vancomycin release, representing a promising strategy for the safe and effective treatment of PJI.
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INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
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2025
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IF 4.7
Tian-hua Li,De-jin Ma,Su-yu Yang,Shu-tong Li,Jun-jie Yu,Yang Liu,Yang Yu,Liang Kong,Xue-tao Li,Juan Zang
Bacterial pneumonia remains a critical global health challenge due to antibiotic resistance, biofilm-mediated drug tolerance, and unregulated inflammatory damage. Conventional therapies fail to address these interconnected issues, necessitating innovative delivery systems that combine antibacterial and anti-inflammatory actions. Given the microacidic environment of infected tissues, we developed an environmentally responsive micelle (FA-Cip/Ag-Ms) capable of targeting pseudomonas aeruginosa infected lungs, reducing bacterial load and suppressing inflammation. The micelle is self-assembled from the biblock copolymer PEG-Hyd-PCL, which was acid-sensitive due to the presence of hydrazone bond. The antibacterial agent ciprofloxacin (Cip) and the anti-inflammatory andrographolide(Ag) were encapsulated, while folate acid (FA) served as a targeting ligand on the surface. We characterized FA-Cip/Ag-Ms by (Alhajj et al., 2022 [ 1 ] ) HNM, FT-IR, and TEM, indicating that the micelle was successful preparation. The drug release of Cip was 50.6 % at pH 7.4, whereas 77.6 % accumulative release was achieved at pH 5.4. The targeting ability of FA was demonstrated by fluorescence microscopy detection of bacteria and cells and in vivo tissue imaging detection. The antibacterial and biofilm-clearing abilities of FA-Cip/Ag-Ms were confirmed by Live/Dead staining, and quantitative biofilm staining. Flow cytometry and cytokine analysis revealed reduced pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages and increased anti-inflammatory M2 polarization, accompanied by decreased IL-6 and elevated IL-10 levels. In a murine pneumonia model, FA-Cip/Ag-Ms significantly reduced lung tissue damage, inflammatory cell infiltration, and bacterial colony formation, while exhibiting good biocompatibility. This functional system integrates active targeting and microenvironment responsiveness, offering a promising strategy to improve therapeutic effect for bacterial pneumonia.
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ACS Applied Nano Materials
·
2026
·
IF 5.8
Guanheng Wang,Lin Li,Biao Xue,Yu Li,Yaling Zhang,Jiapeng Wang,Yulei Cui,Chunlei Li,Xiuwen Zheng
In this study, a pH-responsive Cu-doped zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 nanoplatform was coloaded with paclitaxel and doxorubicin for synergistic tumor therapy. Hyaluronic acid modification on the outer surface of the nanomaterials enhances tumor targeting via CD44 receptor-mediated endocytosis. ZIF-8, derived from metal–organic frameworks, is an excellent nanocapsulator capable of specifically responding to the acidic tumor microenvironment. Upon reaching the tumor site, it rapidly degrades, releasing copper ions and chemotherapeutic drugs to exert antitumor effects. Copper ions consume endogenous hydrogen peroxide and glutathione through Fenton-like reactions, thereby generating cytotoxic reactive oxygen species, enhancing chemodynamic therapy efficiency, and inducing cuproptosis. The released PTX and DOX not only exert chemotherapeutic effects but also induce pyroptosis by activating the classical pathway mediated by caspase-3 and Gasdermin E. Due to excessive activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, PTX faces drug resistance in the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer, whereas DOX can inhibit this pathway by promoting β-catenin degradation. These therapies act synergistically to trigger immunogenic cell death, release damage-associated molecular patterns, promote dendritic cell maturation, activate T cells, and effectively reshape the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. This multimodal nanoplatform demonstrates remarkable potential as an antitumor treatment.
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MOLECULES
·
2026
·Vol. 31
·期 4
·669
·
IF 5.1
Jiarui Liu,Jiachang Feng,Zhefeng Xu,Jinsong Zhang,He Wang
Natural antibacterial food packaging materials endowed with environmental responsiveness are garnering substantial research interest in sustainable food preservation. This study reports the development of a pH-responsive antimicrobial composite film through encapsulation of eugenol—a natural phenolic compound—within zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8). The engineered eugenol@ZIF-8 system demonstrated pH-dependent release characteristics, with cumulative release reaching 32.2% at pH 6 versus merely 0.61% at pH 7 over 4 h. Subsequent integration of this nanocarrier into a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (HACC) matrix yielded a multifunctional composite film for active food packaging applications. The characterization of film revealed that while eugenol@ZIF-8 incorporation slightly compromised mechanical strength (tensile resistance decreased by 18.7%) and flexibility (elongation at break reduced to 54.3% of control), it significantly enhanced hydrophobicity (water contact angle increased to 92.5°) and thermal stability (decomposition temperature elevated by 34 °C). The composite film demonstrated synergistic antibacterial efficacy through the combined action of Zn2+ions, ZIF-8 nanostructures, and eugenol, achieving 88% inhibition againstE. coli.Practical validation through fresh noodle preservation trials confirmed the material’s effectiveness, with the optimized formulation (PVA-HACC-2% eugenol@ZIF-8, PHEZ2) extending shelf life by >5 days compared to conventional packaging. This work establishes a novel strategy for engineering intelligent ZIF-based packaging systems that respond to food spoilage microenvironments, offering significant potential for reducing food loss.
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JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE
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2026
·
IF 12.4
Qiyong Guo,Weihang Cao,Ling Chen
The development of effective oral magnesium supplements is hindered by two major delivery challenges: rapid gastric leakage leading to gastrointestinal side effects, and non-targeted intestinal release resulting in poor absorption and compensatory excretion. To address this, we engineered an intelligent, intestinal-targeted delivery system based on pH-responsive oxidized maize starch (OMS)–chitosan (CS) composite hydrogels, fabricated via hot-extrusion microwave 3D printing (HEM-3DP). The system exhibited a unique gastric-phase structural adaptation: acidic conditions trigger CS dissolution and OMS carboxyl protonation, initiating a dynamic “ionic handoff” where Mg 2+ was recaptured by exposed CS amines via coordination bonds. This mechanism reduced gastric Mg 2+ release by >40% compared to CS-free controls, enabling precise spatiotemporal control with sustained small intestinal release (66.6–74.0%) and enhanced colon-targeted delivery (33.6–56.0% retention). Release kinetics were finely tuned by engineering OMS carboxyl content (0.36–1.57%) and molecular weight (6.84 × 10 5 –2.39 × 10 6 Da), demonstrating programmable design. In magnesium-deficient mice, the optimized OMS2-CS-Mg 2+ gel not only restored serum magnesium to physiological levels (1.35 ± 0.04 mmol/L) but also upregulated key intestinal (claudin1) and colonic (TRPM6/7) absorption transporters—a dual-pathway activation unattained by conventional MgCl 2 supplementation. This work elucidated a clear structure–mechanism–performance relationship governing nutrient release and absorption. It provided a robust, food-grade platform that integrated advanced manufacturing with material intelligence to achieve site-specific, controlled mineral delivery, offering a translatable strategy for oral supplementation and broadening the design principles for smart, responsive hydrogel-based delivery systems.
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