查找使用阿拉丁产品的科研文献

Co-encapsulated urease and glucose oxidase in polyelectrolyte microcapsules for simultaneous glucose and urea determination

Aleksandr L. Kim,Egor V. Musin,Sergey A. Tikhonenko

Background Clinical monitoring of metabolic disorders requires stable tools for simultaneous analyte detection. However, conventional free-enzyme assays suffer from rapid degradation, poor operational stability, and single-use limitations. Herein, we report a novel bi-enzymatic diagnostic system based on the rational co-encapsulation of glucose oxidase (GOx) and urease within polyelectrolyte microcapsules (PMCs) for the simultaneous determination of glucose and urea. Results Fabricated via layer-by-layer assembly, the PMCs achieved high enzyme loading (73 ± 2% for GOx and 93 ± 5% for urease). Co-encapsulation significantly reduced the GOx Michaelis constant from 10.1 to 2.5 mM. The system exhibited linear ranges of 0.5–3.0 mM (glucose) and 1–40 mM (urea), covering clinically relevant concentrations. It maintained performance for over 61 measurement cycles and a 27-day shelf-life at room temperature. Direct analysis of human saliva revealed that the PMCs effectively shield enzymes from matrix interferences, yielding significantly lower data dispersion and higher reproducibility than standard Clark-electrode and Berthelot reference methods. Significance By combining multi-cycle reusability, room-temperature stability, and enhanced precision in raw biological fluids, this co-encapsulation strategy overcomes the fundamental trade-offs of traditional immobilization. The developed PMCs provide a robust, cost-effective, and comprehensive platform for point-of-care metabolic diagnostics and non-invasive monitoring, establishing a generalizable framework for future multi-enzymatic biosensing applications.

Tungsten doping spin-state modulated co-based trifunctional electrocatalyst for high-performance zinc-air batteries

Haikuo Lei,Jiaxue Wan,Yuxuan Zhu,Yanli Ruan

W doping regulates the Co spin configuration and optimizes its electronic structure • The Co-NC-p-W catalyst exhibits superior ORR, OER, and HER performance • Achieves 352.8 mW cm −2 peak power density and > 1700 h cycling in a zinc-air battery • Spin-state modulation accelerates multi-reaction electrocatalytic kinetics • Offers a promising strategy for durable multifunctional electrocatalysts Regulating the electronic spin state of transition metal centers has emerged as an effective strategy to optimize the catalytic activity of multifunctional electrocatalysts. In this work, we report a spin-state-engineered catalyst, Co-NC- p -W, in which the spin configuration of cobalt (Co) sites was modulated by tungsten (W) doping, thereby enhancing the catalyst's intrinsic activity toward multiple electrochemical reactions. A remarkable performance was demonstrated for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and an overpotential of 216 mV at 10 mA cm −2 for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). In addition, the catalyst displays appreciable hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity, requiring an overpotential of 210 mV at 10 mA cm −2 , demonstrating its additional electrocatalytic functionality. The Co-NC- p -W catalyst employed in a rechargeable zinc-air battery delivered a high peak power density of 352.8 mW cm −2 and an exceptional cycling stability exceeding 1700 h. This work highlights the critical role of spin-state modulation in designing efficient multifunctional electrocatalysts for advanced energy conversion and storage applications. Download: Download high-res image (200KB) Download: Download full-size image

Ultrafast Joule heating synthesizing (Co, Ni, Zn)Cr2O4 nanomaterials for high xylene gas sensing properties

Xinyu Meng,Huiyu Lu,Jiarui Qi,Bosen Zhang,Jie Huo,Shuangming Wang,Jing Cao,Qianqian Song,Xiao Dong

The valence electron configuration largely determines the performance of functional materials, in which different electron spin and orbital occupancy would induce diverse phenomena. Herein, the study of 3d electronic configuration dominant gas sensing selectivity is presented. Utilizing ultrafast Joule heating, transition metal spinels XCr 2 O 4 (X = Co, Ni, Zn) have been synthesized and consistently exhibit sensing selectivity toward xylene gas. The e g empty orbitals of Cr 3+ 3 d 3 (t 2g 3 e g 0 ) tend to overlap with the π orbitals of xylene molecules, achieving stable xylene adsorption and electron transfer and thus presenting remarkable xylene gas sensing selectivity. The valence electron configurations of 3 d 7 , 3 d 8 and 3 d 10 for Co 2+ , Ni 2+ and Zn 2+ result in a progressively lower response to xylene gas. This valence electron configuration perspective is experimentally supported by gas sensing selectivity of XFe 2 O 4 (X = Co, Ni, Zn) toward acetone molecules, in which the electronic orbital configuration of Cr 3+ 3 d 3 of B sites is replaced by Fe 3+ 3 d 5 . Theoretically, density functional theory (DFT) calculations based on adsorption energy and charge density difference confirm the strong adsorption of xylene at Cr 3+ sites and efficient electron transfer from xylene to Cr sites. Download: Download high-res image (422KB) Download: Download full-size image

Iron and nitrogen co-doped hierarchical biochar composite cathode for efficient heterogeneous electro-Fenton degradation

Yufang Li,Lizheng Yang,Dongying Hu

Developed a novel iron and nitrogen co-doped biochar composite cathode from jackfruit peel. • This HBC@FeN-C shows hierarchical pores structure. The Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles provide abundant Fe(III) active sites. • OH is one of the key active species in efficient heterogeneous electro-Fenton degradation. Biochar materials have emerged as promising platforms for heterogeneous electro-Fenton catalysis, yet increase of their catalytic active sites to improve degradation rate remains challenging. Herein, hierarchical porous biochar was functionalized by iron and nitrogen co-doping. Iron was loaded on the surface of carbon matrix in the form of Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles to provide catalytic active sites, while nitrogen doping may regulate the electronic structure of carbon matrix. Thanks to the combined effect of mass transfer process promoted by hierarchical pore structure and iron and nitrogen synergetic catalysis, the optimized iron and nitrogen co-doped biochar composite cathode showed significantly enhanced catalytic activity in the electro-Fenton degradation of phenol. It achieved 95.4% phenol degradation rate within 180 min under conditions of 0.10 M sodium sulfate electrolyte (current density of 40 mA/cm², pH = 7, catalyst loading of 6.0 mg, 200 mg/L phenol). The corresponding chemical oxygen demand and total organic carbon removal efficiencies reached 62.7% and 75.3%, respectively. It also exhibited good stability, as verified by cycling tests. Electron paramagnetic resonance analysis confirmed that hydroxyl radical radicals are one of the key reactive species involved in phenol degradation. This study demonstrates that iron and nitrogen co-doped hierarchical biochar composite cathode is an effective strategy for treating high-concentration wastewater. Download: Download high-res image (415KB) Download: Download full-size image

Mitochondria-Targeted Nanozyme Reprograms Dendritic-Cell Immunometabolism via Microenvironment-Responsive CO Release to Treat Periodontitis

Shangyan Shan,Chengyu Liu,Lina Ding,Weishu Zeng,Haoran Cui,Jia Liu,Meiqi Li,Xu Ding,Biao Dong,Liang Cheng,Manlin Qi,Lin Wang

Inflammatory diseases are characterized by overactivated immune responses and a disrupted metabolic equilibrium, particularly in dendritic cells (DCs), where mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) burst and metabolic reprogramming drives pathological maturation. While modulating immunometabolism is a promising therapeutic avenue, achieving subcellular-targeted delivery of bioactive molecules remains a formidable challenge. Here, we report a mitochondria-targeted nanozyme designed to concurrently scavenge mtROS and reprogram DC metabolism for effective anti-inflammatory therapy in periodontitis. This system is constructed based on Prussian blue nanoparticles (PB NPs) loaded with manganese carbonyl, a high oxidative stress-responsive carbon monoxide (CO) donor, and further modified with triphenylphosphine for mitochondrial targeting. This nanozyme efficiently accumulates in the mitochondria of activated DCs, where it efficiently scavenges mtROS and concurrently delivers controlled CO release, synergistically modulating DC function. Metabolomics analysis reveals that CO suppresses DC maturation by reprogramming cellular metabolism, including inhibiting the tricarboxylic acid cycle, modulating glycolysis, and disrupting fatty acid synthesis. Consequently, the synergistic action of PB NPs and CO effectively reverses the pro-inflammatory phenotype of DCs, reshapes the immune microenvironment, and ultimately alleviates periodontal inflammation in vivo. This work presents a promising strategy for curing inflammatory diseases by targeting metabolic reprogramming at the subcellular level.

Bulk–Surface Coupled Regulation of Magnetic Frustration and Interphase Architecture in Co-Free LiNi0.6Mn0.4O2 Cathodes

Ye Tao,Wei Wei,Xiao Zunqiu,Xiang Kejia,Wang Huaying,Mo Shaoyu,Jiang Huixian,Zhang Junying,Wang Shitong,Tang Zilong

Co-free layered LiNi 0.6 Mn 0.4 O 2 (NM64) is an attractive cost-effective cathode, yet its practical viability is limited by bulk Li/Ni antisite disorder and high-voltage interfacial degradation. Addressing these coupled limitations requires a bulk–surface design framework that balances magnetic-frustration-associated cation ordering with nanoscale interphase stability. Here, nominal 1 mol % high-valence, nonmagnetic d 0 modifiers (V 5+ , Hf 4+ , Ta 5+ ) are used as a chemically defined model series to probe the coupling between magnetic-frustration-associated cation ordering and nanoscale surface/near-surface interphase architecture. Within this series, 1%Hf-NM64 lowers the apparent frustration index from 9.562 to 7.366 and the refined Li/Ni mixing from 7.67 to 7.14%, whereas V increases both descriptors and Ta leaves them nearly unchanged. Low-temperature M – H loops further indicate that 1%Hf-NM64 exhibits the weakest hysteretic magnetic irreversibility. Surface/near-surface characterization reveals modifier-dependent nanoscale interphase architectures, with localized Li 2 HfO 3 -rich domains in 1%Hf-NM64 coinciding with the lowest polarization and the best cycling response among the series. Compared with pristine NM64, 1%Hf-NM64 raises the initial 1 C discharge capacity from 136.6 to 159.0 mAh g –1 and improves the 500-cycle capacity retention from 69.0 to 73.3%. 3%Hf-NM64 further shows that excessive Hf increases Li 2 HfO 3 -related secondary-phase content and apparent Li + diffusivity but compromises long-term cycling stability. These findings support optimized bulk–surface coupled regulation of magnetic frustration, cation disorder, and interphase architecture as a design principle for Co-free layered oxide cathodes.

Non-Noble Metal Ni/NiOx@C Co-Catalyst Modified ZnIn2S4 for Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production

Photocatalytic hydrogen production has emerged as one of the most promising approaches for addressing the global energy crisis by enabling the sustainable conversion of solar energy into clean hydrogen fuel. However, its practical application is still hindered by the rapid recombination of photogenerated electron–hole pairs, which severely limits photocatalytic efficiency. Although noble-metal co-catalysts have been demonstrated to markedly promote charge separation and accelerate surface reaction kinetics, their widespread application remains constrained by their high cost and limited availability. In this study, a non-noble Ni/NiOx@C co-catalyst was fabricated and employed to modify ZnIn2S4(ZIS) for photocatalytic hydrogen production. The optimized sample (15Ni/NiOx@C/ZIS) exhibits a hydrogen production rate of 4140.03 μmol/g/h, 18.16 times higher than that of pristine ZIS. This enhancement is primarily attributed to the improved separation and transfer of photogenerated charge carriers facilitated by the Ni/NiOx@C co-catalyst. Notably, the hydrogen evolution rate of 15Ni/NiOx@C/ZIS is 1.33 times higher than that of ZIS/3%Pt, suggesting that Ni/NiOx@C has great potential as a substitute for noble metal Pt. Various characterization results demonstrate that 15Ni/NiOx@C/ZIS exhibits superior photocatalytic performance, ascribed to its enhanced light absorption capability, and efficient separation of photogenerated carriers. Additionally, cycling tests and XRD analysis confirm the excellent stability of 15Ni/NiOx@C/ZIS, indicating its potential for practical applications. This work provides a valuable reference for the rational design and development of efficient and cost-effective non-noble co-catalysts for photocatalytic hydrogen production.

Preparation of indole products from soybean protein pyrolysis catalyzed by Fe and Co modified zeolite

Rongjing Zhang,Yi Zhang,Ziyue Tang,Yingquan Chen,Haiping Yang,Hanping Chen

Protein-rich biomass is a promising feedstock for producing N-containing chemicals via catalytic pyrolysis, yet poor product selectivity remains a critical bottleneck. Therefore, it is of great significance to improve the catalyst activity and catalytic efficiency for the for the highly selective synthesis of N-containing chemicals. This study pioneered bottleneck the modification of HZSM-5 zeolite with Fe and Co for the catalytic pyrolysis of soybean protein to produce indoles. The results indicated that Fe and Co loading reduced the number of Brønsted acid sites on HZSM-5 while generating novel Lewis acid sites, such acid rearrangement improved the yield of liquid oil and facilitated indoles formation. Among monometallic Fe or Co modified HZSM-5, 1   wt% Fe/HZSM-5 obtained the maximum content and selectivity of total indoles (35.5% and 55.6%, respectively). Furthermore, Fe-Co bimetallic modification with Low Fe/Co ratio exists a synergistic effect on indole, but excess Fe is unfavorable for indoles production. Fe 1 Co 3 /HZSM-5 further increased total indoles content and selectivity (37.6% and 61.6%, respectively). The Lewis acid sites were conducive to the formation of indole, Fe 1 Co 3 /HZSM-5 had the highest content of Lewis acid sites. This work provides a novel technical pathway for indole production via catalytic pyrolysis of biomass with endogenous nitrogen.

Synergistic Ti-Ni co-doping enhances the electrochemical performance and densification of LiMn0.6Fe0.4PO4/C cathodes

Long Ye,Juntao Si,Cheng Zhang,Sihan Zeng,Chunhua Chen

Ti-Ni co-doping improves electrochemical kinetics and powder densification. • Dopants Ti and Ni function on the Mn- and Fe-redox regions, respectively. • Powder compaction density increases by 8.5% to 2.04 g cm −3 after Ti-Ni doping. LiMn 0.6 Fe 0.4 PO 4 (LMFP) is a promising high-energy cathode, but its practical application is constrained by sluggish Mn 2+ /Mn 3+ redox kinetics and insufficient powder compaction density (PCD). Herein, Ti-doped, Ni-doped, and Ti–Ni co-doped LMFP/C were prepared by a ball-milling-assisted solid-state route. It is clarified that Ni predominantly accelerates the Fe 2+ /Fe 3+ reaction, whereas Ti promotes the kinetically slower Mn 2+ /Mn 3+ reaction and improves cycling stability. The optimal sample LMFP-2Ti-2Ni delivers 163.1 and 142.9 mAh g −1 at 0.1 and 5 C, respectively, and retains 90.8% of its capacity after 400 cycles at 1 C. Relative to pristine LMFP, the Ti-Ni co-doping increases the 0.1 C capacity from 144.7 to 163.1 mAh g −1 (+12.7%) and the PCD from 1.88 to 2.04 g cm −3 (+8.5%). Also, the relative unit-cell-volume variation decreases from approximately 5.2% to 4.6%, indicating more gradual bulk-lattice evolution. Thus, Ti–Ni co-doping as a complementary strategy can simultaneously improve rate capability, cycling durability, and particle packing in LMFP/C cathodes. Download: Download high-res image (356KB) Download: Download full-size image

Trophic decoupling of soil-nematode microbiomes induced by co‑contamination of silver nanoparticle and oxytetracycline

Xun Han,Junkai Pei,Yan Wang,Yongyan Sun,Fei Zheng

Due to excellent antibacterial properties, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been widely used as a potential alternative to antibiotics in livestock farming, agricultural disinfection, and medical materials. Consequently, excess AgNPs are released into the soil, co-occurring with other antibiotics, and forming a combined contamination. However, effects of combined contamination with AgNPs and oxytetracycline (OTC) on microbial communities across different trophic levels within the soil micro-food web remain poorly understood. In this study, we systematically compared the differential responses of soil and nematode gut microbiomes using high-throughput sequencing under single and combined contamination (Control, AgNPs, OTC, and combined AgNPs+OTC). The results revealed systematic trophic-level differentiation between soil and nematode gut bacterial community in terms of diversity, community structure, assembly mechanisms, and functional phenotypes. Both communities were dominated by stochastic processes, but nematode gut bacterial community was more strongly influenced by deterministic processes and exhibited higher stability. Pollutant exposure induced pronounced trophic decoupling: soil bacterial community remained structurally stable, whereas nematode gut community underwent significant compositional reassembly ( p  = 0.031) without a change in alpha diversity, indicating a species replacement pattern. AgNPs treatment enriched Escherichia-Shigella , while OTC and co-contamination enriched the potential degrader genera Pontibacter , Sphingomonas , and Sphingobium . Cross-kingdom network analysis showed that co-contamination strengthened network modularity (clustering coefficient 0.84, modularity 53), highlighting the role of shared ASVs as cross-kingdom bridges. This study introduces the concept of pollution-induced trophic decoupling, demonstrating that the impact of co-contamination on adjacent trophic levels is not a simple transmission of effects but rather a systematic decoupling of structure, function, and assembly mechanisms, thereby providing new perspectives for multi-trophic ecological risk assessment of combined pollution.

Lignin/Fe3+ Coordination Networks via PDA/PEI Co-Deposition: A Green Strategy for Multifunctional Coatings

Yue Wang,Shengnan Yang,Jiawei Luo,Xiaodan Liu,Pan Cao

Mechanical components made of aluminum suffer from severe friction, wear, biofouling, and corrosion, yet existing coatings often fail to maintain stable tribological performance under cyclic loading. In this study, a nature-inspired multifunctional coating was fabricated on aluminum via co-deposition of lignin, Fe 3+ , dopamine, and polyethyleneimine (PEI). The Fe 3+ ions coordinate with phenolic hydroxyl groups in lignin while simultaneously participating in Michael addition and Schiff-base reactions with DA and PEI, forming a dense crosslinked network. With an optimal lignin content of 5 wt% (L 5 /DA/PEI), the coating exhibits a significantly reduced coefficient of friction (0.43–0.46) and superior wear resistance, attributed to the lubricating boundary film formed by oxygen-containing groups in lignin. The same coating also demonstrates outstanding adhesion (96.97% residual area) and excellent corrosion resistance in 3.5% NaCl solution. Meanwhile, the coating with 10 wt% lignin (L 10 /DA/PEI) displays remarkable antimicrobial activity against both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli , benefiting from enhanced Fenton-like reactions that generate toxic hydroxyl radicals. The findings open new avenues for designing eco-friendly, multifunctional protective surfaces for durable aluminum components under complex service environments.

O,N Co-Modulated Carbon Catalysts and Optimized Gas Diffusion Electrodes for Electrochemical H2O2 Production

Yang Tao,Zhu Xiaofeng,Zhang Shicheng

The large-scale production of sustainable aviation fuels (SAFs) heavily relies on hydrogen supply, while traditional hydrogen storage and delivery suffer from safety risks and high cost. Hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) is regarded as a promising hydrogen carrier, which can be produced on-site through a green electrochemical two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e – ORR). Herein, oxygen, nitrogen co-modulated carbon (O-NC) catalysts were fabricated by doping N dopants and oxygen-containing functional groups (OFGs). The pyrrolic N is revealed to jeopardize the electronic structure of the NC catalyst, and the OFGs can further regulate the NC matrix for 2e – ORR. As a result, the optimized O-NC-5 catalyst exhibits an excellent H 2 O 2 selectivity of over 80% in both alkaline and neutral electrolytes. After further optimizing Nafion content, catalyst loading, and operating conditions of O-NC-5-based gas diffusion electrodes, the assembled flow cell can deliver a high H 2 O 2 yield of 3.4 mol g cat –1 h –1 and Faradaic efficiency of above 90%, with robust stability over 12 h. This work reveals the synergistic effects of N dopants and OFGs toward 2e – ORR performance and offers a feasible strategy to develop high-performance carbon electrocatalysts and practical electrode systems for green H 2 O 2 production, which supports the SAF synthesis.