RSC Advances
·
2016
·Vol. 6
·期 107
·105723-105728
·
IF 3.289
Cheng Chen,Yan Li,Lijian Liu
Oligomers as fluorescent macromolecules are of significant importance and are fairly attractive for high quantum yield two-way conversion luminescence. We report a high conversion rate (ΦF = 0.5184) for a fluorescent oligomer, 1,4-butanediol-bis(5-carbonyl-3-carbethoxy-2-pyrazoline). It was prepared by the novel cyclopolycondensation of 1,4-butanediol-bis(5-carbonyl-3-carbethoxy-2-pyrazoline), a chromophore with good fluorescence (ΦF = 0.0573). After polymerization, a green fluorescent protein (GFP)-mimetic structure was formed, in which a methylene chain (–CH2–CH2–CH2–CH2–) as a flexible group is beneficial due to its folding, and an azo group sits in the rigid pyrazoline ring because of a resonance effect. These factors collectively contribute to the excellent efficiency of the fluorescence performance of the oligomer. Additionally, the oligomer exhibited a weak red shift and a significant fluorescence enhancement compared with the monomer, and we achieved good quality live-cell imaging. The oligomer also allowed for the enhancement of fluorescence intensity through the two-wavelength excitation of a cell rather than increasing the dosage of the dye or the power of the laser.
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RSC Advances
·
2016
·Vol. 6
·期 79
·75186-75193
·
IF 3.289
Jie Yang,Chun Fang,Chunxiong Bao,Weiwei Yang,Tao Yu,Weidong Zhu,Faming Li,Jianguo Liu,Zhigang Zou
A Ni3S2 coated indium tin oxide (ITO) core–shell structure on flexible carbon fabrics (CF@ITO@Ni3S2) was prepared by electrodepositing Ni3S2 nanosheets on ITO nanowire arrays grown on flexible carbon fabrics by chemical vapor deposition. The ITO nanowires on carbon fabrics formed a conductive support which offered a large contact surface with the electrolyte and hence was accessible for ion diffusion. Ni3S2 nanosheets were uniformly deposited on the ITO nanowire. The maximum mass loading of Ni3S2 on ITO nanowire array coated carbon fabrics could reach about a quadruple higher amount than that on the bare carbon fabrics. The prepared CF@ITO@Ni3S2 electrodes exhibited excellent capacitive performance compared with Ni3S2 coated bare carbon fabric electrodes (CF@Ni3S2). High areal capacitance of 3.85 F cm−2 and gravimetric capacitance of 1865 F g−1 were achieved when the mass loadings of Ni3S2 on the ITO nanowire arrays were around 4.12 mg cm−2 and 0.96 mg cm−2, respectively. The sample with 0.96 mg cm−2 of Ni3S2 could also deliver 1372 F g−1 when charge–discharge current density reached 50 mA cm−2, indicating the excellent rate capability of the structure. The assembled all-solid-state full cell based on symmetric electrodes obtained a relatively high areal capacitance of 736 mF cm−2 at 8 mA cm−2, which delivered a maximum energy density of 1.02 mW h cm−3 at a power density of 39.9 W cm−3. The outstanding capacitive performance suggests that the CF@ITO@Ni3S2 device was promising for application in an inexpensive energy storage system.
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CATALYSIS TODAY
·
2017
·
IF 4.636
Tao Lei,Xia Zhang,Joey Jung,Yixiao Cai,Xiaofan Hou,Qi Zhang,Jinli Qiao
Using electrochemical reduction to convert CO 2 into useful small molecule fuels represents a value-added approach to the simultaneous generation of alternative fuels and environmental remediation of carbon emissions from the continued use of conventional fuels. Here, we report a novel flow cell design for CO 2 electroreduction. The alkaline ion-exchange membranes are used to separate anolyte from aqueous catholyte, and the commercial Sn particles are deposited over a carbon support, which serves as the cathode. Various influence factors on the electrochemical reduction of gaseous CO 2 into fuel are investigated, including a selection of different alkaline-exchange membranes, time duration of the electrolysis, current density and flow rate of electrolyte on the produced formate as a target fuel. Three alkaline membranes (A901, FAD and Yichen) and an acidic membrane (Naffion 117) are used. The maximum Faradaic Efficiencies (FE) of formate formation are 82.8% (Yichen), 79.2% (A901) and 90.1% (FAD), which are comparable to and even higher than that of Nafion 117 membrane (89.2%). In particular, the FAD alkaline membrane showed an applicable prospect with cell voltage of 2.85 V, lower than when using Nafion 117 membrane. We also successfully achieve the formate production rate over 1.47 mmol m −2 s −1 at a working current density of 50 mA cm −2 over 60 min continuous’ operation, allowing the formate concentration up to 1.9 g L −1 . These encouraging results reveal that different ion-exchange membranes have obvious impact on the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (ERC).
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ChemElectroChem
·
2014
·Vol. 1
·期 12
·2064-2069
·
IF 0
Weina Ren,Dezhi Kong,Chuanwei Cheng
Graphical Like peas in a pod: Novel tin nanoparticles encapsulated in carbon nanotubes (TNEC) arrays on carbon cloth is prepared by a facile carbon reduction route as a flexible anode for lithium-ions batteries, which shows a high areal capacity (2.15 mAh cm −2 ) and cycling stability. With the development of flexible electronic devices, the research on flexible storage devices has received considerable attention. In this paper, we designed novel tin nanoparticles encapsulated in carbon nanotubes (TNEC) arrays on carbon cloth prepared by a facile carbon reduction route as a flexible anode for lithium-ion batteries. The TNEC electrode shows a high areal capacity (2.15 mAh cm −2 ) when the current density is 0.1 mA cm −2 , Meanwhile, a good cycling performance (84 % of initial capacity) is achieved after 80 charge–discharge cycles, which could be attributed to the high theoretical capacity of metal tin and the tin encapsulated in carbon nanotubes structure that improves the electrical conductivity and structure stability.
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MOLECULES
·
2012
·Vol. 17
·期 9
·10994-11009
·
IF 2.386
Yunxia Zhang,Yunlan Li,Qingshan Li
The specific aims of this study were to evaluate the inhibition effect on CYP3A of di-n-butyl-di-(4-chlorobenzohydroxamato)tin (IV) (DBDCT), a tin-based complex with high antitumor activity, and the probable mechanism(s) of this action. Adult male SD rats were treated separately with natural saline (NS), lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 5 mg/kg), DBDCT (1.25, 2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg) intraperitoneally for 2 days after induction of CYP3A with dexamethasone (DEX, 100 mg/kg) for 4 days. Western blot analysis and fluorescent quantitation PCR (FQ-PCR) were conducted to determine the changes in expression of CYP3A, PXR, CAR and RXR. The biological accumulation of DBDCT and total Sn were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS). CYP450 content and CYP3A activities were significantly inhibited (p< 0.05) in DBDCT-treated rats compared with the control group, as was the expression of CYP3A (p< 0.05) at both protein and mRNA levels. In DBDCT-treated groups, the expression of PXR protein and mRNA increased, while the expression of CAR decreased. The biological accumulation of DBDCT and Sn in rat livers treated with DBDCT was high. The accumulation of DBDCT and Sn due to the inhibition of CYP3A may be involved in the mechanism of toxicity of DBDCT in rat liver.Keywords:cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A);di-n-butyl-di-(4-chlorobenzohydroxamato)tin (IV) (DBDCT);inhibition;rat
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JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
·
2015
·
IF 3.368
Jian-Rong Li,Yun-Xia Wang,Xu Wang,Baoling Yuan,Ming-Lai Fu
The hydrothermally synthesized layered chalcogenide, K 2 x Mn x Sn 3− x S 6 ( x = 0.5–0.95) (KMS-1), was applied to remove ciprofloxacin from aqueous solution. Kinetic data showed the removal reaction followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the rate controlling step was both through external film and intraparticle diffusion . The adsorption of CIP by KMS-1 is endothermic and the maximum adsorption capacity of KMS-1 was 199.6, 230.9 and 269.5 mg/g at temperature of 10, 25 and 40 °C, respectively. The heavy metal ions had great effect on the removal efficiency of CIP and the degree of inhibition followed the order: Pb 2+ > Zn 2+ > Cd 2+ > Ni 2+ . The shift of Bragg peaks from XRD at various pH accompanying CIP removal and FE-SEM images confirmed that cation exchange is the major mechanism for the adsorption of CIP by KMS-1. In the pH range of 4.0–7.0, the intercalation of cationic CIP adopted a titled orientation of di-molecular CIP in KMS-1 with the titling angle of 68° and 42°, respectively. A vertical arrangement of the zwitterionic CIP adsorbed on the surface of KMS-1 was also confirmed. These results suggested that KMS-1 is an effective adsorbent to remove CIP from water.
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ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
·
2014
·
IF 5.9
Yanchun Yang,Gang Wang,Wangen Zhao,Qingwen Tian,Lijian Huang,Daocheng Pan
Solution deposition approaches play an important role in reducing the manufacturing cost of Cu2ZnSnSe4 (CZTSe) thin film solar cells. Here, we present a novel precursor-based solution approach to fabricate highly efficient CZTSe solar cells. In this approach, low-cost elemental Cu, Zn, Sn, and Se powders were simultaneously dissolved in the solution of thioglycolic acid and ethanolamine, forming a homogeneous CZTSe precursor solution to deposit CZTSe nanocrystal thin films. Based on high-quality CZTSe absorber layer, pure selenide CZTSe solar cell with a photoelectric conversion efficiency of 8.02% has been achieved without antireflection coating.
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JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS
·
2014
·
IF 2.083
Jian-Rong Li,Xu Wang,Baoling Yuan,Ming-Lai Fu
The layered chalcogenide, K 2x Mn x Sn 3− x S 6 (x = 0.5 –0.95), which exhibited excellent adsorption properties for removal of Cu 2 + from aqueous solution, was synthesized hydrothermally. X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) were used to characterize the crystal structure, chemical composition and micro-morphologies of KMS-1 before and after adsorption. Cu 2 + can covalently bond with sulfur atoms after it exchanged with K + . The interlayer spacing of KMS-1 was changed from 0.851 nm to 0.592 nm after adsorption. The sizes of KMS-1 crystalline after adsorption changed to smaller. The effects of pH, reaction time, initial concentration, reaction temperature and coexisting ions on the adsorption of Cu 2 + by KMS-1 were studied. The pH was found to be a slight factor determining adsorption capacity at pH from 3 to 6. Kinetic data were fitted well to a pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the rate controlling steps were external film diffusion and intraparticle diffusion at different temperatures. The activation energy for the adsorption process was estimated to be 45.15 kJ/mol. The maximum adsorption capacity of KMS-1 was 164.7, 155.6 and 152.7 mg/g at a temperature of 10, 25 and 40 °C, respectively. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm was used to fit the adsorption equilibrium process. The alkaline and alkaline earth metal ions had slight effect on the removal efficiency of Cu 2 + and the degree of inhibition followed the order: Ca 2 + > Mg 2 + > Na + . The heavy metal ions had great effect on the removal efficiency of Cu 2 + and the degree of inhibition followed the order: Cd 2 + > Pb 2 + > Zn 2 + > Ni 2 + . The adsorbed KMS-1 can be considered as an excellent permanent waste storage without the risk of leaching of Cu 2 + .
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Scientific Reports
·
2014
·Vol. 4
·期 1
·1-9
·
IF 5.078
Zhong Jie,Xia Zhe,Luo Miao,Zhao Juan,Chen Jie,Wang Liang,Liu Xinsheng,Xue Ding-Jiang,Cheng Yi-Bing,Song Haisheng,Tang Jiang
To obtain high photovoltaic performances for the emerging copper zinc tin sulfide/selenide (CZTSSe) thin film solar cells, much effort has deservedly been placed on CZTSSe phase purification and CZTSSe grain size enhancement. Another highly crucial but less explored factor for device performance is the elemental constitution of CZTSSe surface, which is at the heart of p-n junction where major photogenerated carriers generate and separate. In this work we demonstrate that, despite the well-built phase and large grained films are observed by common phases and morphology characterization (XRD, Raman and SEM), prominent device efficiency variations from short circuited to 6.4% are obtained. Insight study highlights that the surface (0–250 nm) compositions variation results in different bulk defect depths and doping densities in the depletion zone. We propose that suitable sulfurization (at ~10 kPa sulfur pressure) drives optimization of surface constitution by managing the Cu, Zn and Sn diffusion and surface reaction. Therefore, our study reveals that the balance of elemental diffusion and interface reactions is the key to tuning the surface quality CZTSSe film and thus the performance of as resulted devices.
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ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
·
2013
·
IF 5.008
Mingxi Chen,Congcong Zhang,Lingzhi Li,Yu Liu,Xichuan Li,Xiaoyang Xu,Fengling Xia,Wei Wang,Jianping Gao
A facile approach to prepare SnO2/rGO (reduced graphene oxide) hybrid nanoparticles by a direct redox reaction between graphene oxide (GO) and tin powder was developed. Since no acid was used, it is an environmentally friendly green method. The SnO2/rGO hybrid nanoparticles were characterized by ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The microstructure of the SnO2/rGO was observed with scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The tin powder efficiently reduced GO to rGO, and the Sn was transformed to SnO2 nanoparticles (∼45 nm) that were evenly distributed on the rGO sheets. The SnO2/rGO hybrid nanoparticles were then coated on an interdigital electrode to fabricate a humidity sensor, which have an especially good linear impedance response from 11% to 85% relative humidity.
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JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS
·
2014
·Vol. 43
·期 6
·2435-2439
·
IF 1.675
Tan Qing,Li Jing-Feng
To study the possibility of SnS as an earth-abundant and environmentally friendly thermoelectric material, the electrical and thermal transport properties of bulk materials prepared by combining mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering were investigated. It was revealed that SnS has potential as a good thermoelectric material, benefiting from its intrinsically low thermal conductivity below 1.0 W/m/K above 400 K and its high Seebeck coefficient over 500 μ V/K. Although the highest ZT value was 0.16 at 823 K in the pristine sample, further enhancement can be expected through chemical doping to increase the electrical conductivity. It was also revealed that changing the stoichiometric ratio and sintering temperature had less apparent influence on the microstructure and thermoelectric properties of SnS because redundant S in the powders decomposed during the sintering process.
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JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
·
2014
·
IF 2.726
Peng Zheng,Haijun Wu,Jialin Guo,Jianhui Dong,Suping Jia,Zhenping Zhu
Doping nitrogen in TiO 2 crystals is a simple and effective approach to extend the absorption spectrum of TiO 2 to visible light range, but it leads to a serious decline in charge transfer and total loss of the catalytic ability for overall water splitting. Here, TiO 2 was co-doped with phosphorus and nitrogen by high temperature method and found the sample of P–N–TiO 2 -I could realize overall water splitting under visible light while the samples of P–N–TiO 2 -II, P–N–TiO 2 -III and N–TiO 2 cannot do it. The structures of the photocatalysts were described by various analytical techniques. Through XRD and HRTEM, lots of long-range defect such as twins and dislocations could be clearly observed for P–N–TiO 2 -II, P–N–TiO 2 -III and N–TiO 2 . But for P–N–TiO 2 -I, the long-range defect was decreased drastically. We proposed that because of various sizes and bonding modes of N, O, P and Ti, proper mole ratios of P to N replace Ti and O respectively can reduce the long-range defect, as that of P–N–TiO 2 -I. Furthermore, this co-doping effect results in a significant improvement in the separation of photo-excited electrons and holes and enables the nitrogen-doping TiO 2 to catalyze the overall splitting of water into molecular hydrogen and oxygen under visible light irradiation, in the absence of sacrificial agents. These observations might arouse new strategies to mend the hybrid-atom-doping-induced structural damage in semiconductor crystals and to modulate their functional properties.
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