Journal of Cleaner Production
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2025
·
IF 10
Tao Jiang,Ming Cheng,Yujiao Wang,Shaoqiang Guo,Wentao Zhou,Yafei Wang
The selective removal of neutron-absorbing fission products from spent nuclear fuel is critical for enhancing neutron economy and enabling efficient recycling. In this work, we present a novel two-step dry reprocessing strategy that integrates NH 3 /HCl gas mixture treatment with liquid Sn extraction to achieve phase-selective separation of Sm, Nd, Ru, Rh, and Pd from simulated U 3 O 8 -based spent fuel. Thermodynamic analysis and experimental validation reveal that decomposition of NH 4 Cl at elevated temperatures serves as the generator of NH 3 /HCl gas mixture capable of selectively chlorinating Sm 2 O 3 and Nd 2 O 3 into soluble chlorides while reducing U 3 O 8 to UO 2 and converting RuO 2 , Rh 2 O 3 , and PdO to their metallic states (Ru, Rh, Pd). Subsequent dissolution tests in LiCl-KCl confirm that Sm and Nd are almost completely removed, with chlorination efficiencies of nearly 100%, while uranium loss can be minimized by controlling direct NH 4 Cl contact. The coupled liquid Sn extraction at 1173 K enabled the recoveries of metallic Rh, Rh, and Pd with a promising extraction efficiency. This integrated approach significantly simplifies the partitioning of key neutron poisons (Sm, Nd, Ru, Rh, Pd) compared to conventional aqueous or pyrochemical routes, reduces secondary waste, and preserves uranium in its UO 2 form.
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高影响因子
Minerals
·
2021
·Vol. 11
·期 1
·61
·
IF 2.644
Wenjie Zhang,Xian Xie,Xiong Tong,Yunpeng Du,Qiang Song,Dongxia Feng
Solvent extraction is the most widely used method for separation and purification of rare earth elements, and organic extractants such as di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (P204) and di(1-methyl-heptyl) methyl phosphonate (P350) are most commonly used for industrial applications. However, the presence of impurity ions in the feed liquid during extraction can easily emulsify the extractant and affect the quality of rare earth products. Aluminum ion is the most common impurity ion in the feed liquid, and it is an important cause of emulsification of the extractant. In this study, the influence of aluminum ion was investigated on the extraction of light rare earth elements by the P204-P350 system in hydrochloric acid medium. The results show that Al3+competes with light rare earths in the extraction process, reducing the overall extraction rate. In addition, the Al3+stripping rate is low and there is continuous accumulation of Al3+in the organic phase during the stripping process, affecting the extraction efficiency and even causing emulsification. The slope method and infrared detection were utilized to explore the formation of an extraction compound of Al3+and the extractant P204-P350 that entered the organic phase as AlCl[(HA)2]2P350(o).Keywords:Al3+;light rare earths;P204;P350;impurity
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高影响因子
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
·
2017
·
IF 2.986
Jin Wang,Junxia Wang,Yibing Zhang,Yuxiang Li,Yuancheng Teng,Zhe Wang,Hongbin Tan
A series of Nd and Ce co-doped (Gd 1−x Nd x ) 2 (Zr 1−x Ce x ) 2 O 7 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) pyrochlores were synthesized by flux method at 900–1000 °C using nitrates as starting materials and a small amount of NaF as fluxing agent . The influences of contents of Nd/Ce, fluxing agent and reaction temperature on the phase structure of the pyrochlores were systematically investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy (Raman). The chemical stability of Nd and Ce co-doped pyrochlore bulk ceramics was also evaluated. XRD and Raman results showed that the crystalline phase of (Gd 1−x Nd x ) 2 (Zr 1−x Ce x ) 2 O 7 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) pyrochlores always remained a single disordered defect-fluorite structure for any x value. XRD, Raman spectrum and SEM-EDX results revealed that the Nd and Ce could be co-doped at the Gd-site and Zr-site of the Gd 2 Zr 2 O 7 pyrochlore structure, respectively. The normalized release rates of Gd, Zr, Nd and Ce in (Gd 1−x Nd x ) 2 (Zr 1−x Ce x ) 2 O 7 pyrochlore bulk ceramics (x = 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75) remained relatively constant in a low value below 10 −4 g m −2 d −1 at 90 °C for 7 days, exhibiting superior chemical stability.
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高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2020
·
IF 10.652
Yuezhou Wei,Khalid A.M. Salih,Kamal Rabie,Khalid Z. Elwakeel,Yasser E. Zayed,Mohammed F. Hamza,Eric Guibal
Alginate-PEI beads are functionalized by phosphorylation and applied for the sorption of Nd(III) and Mo(VI). The successful grafting of phosphoryl groups (as tributyl phosphate derivative) is characterized by FTIR and XPS analysis, elemental analysis, titration (pH PZC ), TGA, BET and SEM-EDX analyses. The multi-functional characteristics of the sorbent (i.e., carboxylic, hydroxyl, amine and phosphate groups) contribute in the binding of metal ions having different physicochemical behaviors. The sorption of Nd(III) is strongly increased by phosphorylation, while for Mo(VI) the enhancement is rather limited. Optimum sorption occurs at pH 3–4: maximum sorption capacity reaches up to 1.46 mmol Nd(III) g −1 and 2.09 mmol Mo(VI) g −1 ; sorption isotherms are fitted by the Langmuir equation. The equilibrium is reached within 30–40 min and the kinetic profiles are simulated by the pseudo-first order rate equation. The coefficients of the effective diffusivity are close to the self-diffusivity of Nd(III) and Mo(VI) in water; as a confirmation of the limited impact of resistance to intraparticle diffusion in the kinetic control. The sorbent is selective for Nd(III) over Mo(VI) and other alkali-earth or base metals (at pH close to 2.5–3). Metals can be readily desorbed using 0.2 M HCl/0.5 M CaCl 2 as the eluent. The loss in sorption does not exceed 5% at the fifth cycle, while desorption remains complete. A series of treatments (including acidic leachate, cementation, precipitation, sorption and elution) is successfully applied for the recovery of rare earths from Egyptian ore; with enrichment in the oxalate precipitate of Nd(III), Gd(III), Sm(III) and Eu(III).
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
·
2025
·
IF 6.3
Jingfang Tong,Weijie Lin,Ruixin Guo,Zhongzheng Deng,Haitao Zhou,Shu Guo,Xiaojun Kuang
Strong magnetic anisotropy in low-dimensional magnets leads to a significant rotating magnetocaloric effect, presenting new opportunities for the exploration of more efficient and streamlined refrigeration systems. In this study, we have successfully synthesized a series of centimeter-scale rare-earth-containing fluorocarbonates, K 4 RE 2 (CO 3 ) 3 F 4 ( RE = Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Tb, and Dy) through a supercritical hydrothermal method, featuring unique RE 2 O 12 F 4 magnetic dimers. The above materials' fundamental magnetism has been systematically investigated, and no long-range magnetic transitions were captured above 1.8 K. Based on the low-temperature specific heat results, the long-range magnetic ordering was found around 0.84 K and 0.97 K for K 4 Tb 2 (CO 3 ) 3 F 4 and K 4 Dy 2 (CO 3 ) 3 F 4 , respectively. Furthermore, the anisotropic magnetism of K 4 Tb 2 (CO 3 ) 3 F 4 and K 4 Dy 2 (CO 3 ) 3 F 4 reveals significant magneto-crystalline anisotropy, with the magnetic field ( B ) aligned along the RE 2 O 12 F 4 magnetic dimer, which acts as the easy magnetic axis. The maximum rotating field entropy change, − Δ S R max for K 4 Tb 2 (CO 3 ) 3 F 4 reaches approximately 9 J kg -1 K -1 around 17 K, while for K 4 Dy 2 (CO 3 ) 3 F 4 , it is approximately 5.5 J kg -1 K -1 near 11 K, both under a 7 T field applied along the c -axis. These findings highlight the potential of these compounds for magnetic refrigeration applications through a rotating crystallographic direction.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY
·
2013
·Vol. 97
·期 3
·990-995
·
IF 2.107
Kuo Jiang,Songbai Liu,Yuan Li,Yaofei Li
Powders of zirconia doped with 8 mol% REO 1.5 (RE = Yb, Y, Gd, and Nd) were synthesized by using the sol–spray pyrolysis method. The effects of RE 3+ ionic radius on monoclinic (m) phase content of powders were investigated. The XRD results showed that the metastable tetragonal (t′) phase underwent a complete phase change to form m and cubic (c) phases after a heat treatment of 50–100 h at 1450°C. A cation size-dependent reduction in the m phase content of the REO 1.5 partially stabilized ZrO 2 powders was observed. The SEM–EDS analysis of the powders revealed that the RE 3+ concentrations in the c phases decreased with decreasing the RE 3+ ionic radius. These results indicate that the stabilizer concentration of the c phase can be attributed to RE 3+ ionic radii, resulting in different m phase contents. Compared to the REO 1.5 single doped ZrO 2 , the m phase contents of 8 mol% (RE 0.5 Yb 0.5 )–ZrO 2 (RE = Y, Gd, and Nd) powders were significantly reduced. The results prove that the stabilizer with a lower RE 3+ size is effective in reducing the m phase content of partially stabilized ZrO 2 after annealing at high temperatures.
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高影响因子
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
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2012
·
IF 4.601
Wenlong Yin,Wendong Wang,Lei Bai,Kai Feng,Youguo Shi,Wenyu Hao,Jiyong Yao,Yicheng Wu
The 12 new rare-earth tellurides Ba2MLnTe5 (M = Ga and Ln = Sm, Gd, Dy, Er, Y; M = In and Ln = Ce, Nd, Sm, Gd, Dy, Er, Y) have been synthesized by solid-state reactions. The two compounds Ba2GaLnTe5 (Ln = Sm, Gd) are isostructural and crystallize in the centrosymmetric space group P1̅, while the other 10 compounds belong to another structure type in the noncentrosymmetric space group Cmc21. In both structure types, there are one-dimensional anionic 1∞[MLnTe5]4– chains built from LnTe6 octahedra and MTe4 (M = Ga, In) tetrahedra, but the connectivity between the LnTe6 octahedra and MTe4 tetrahedra is different for the two structure types. On the basis of the diffuse-reflectance spectra, the band gaps are around 1.1–1.3 eV for these compounds. The Ba2MLnTe5 (M = Ga and Ln = Gd, Dy; M = In and Ln = Gd, Dy, Er) compounds are paramagnetic and obey the Curie–Weiss law, while the magnetic susceptibility of Ba2InSmTe5 deviates from the Curie–Weiss law. In addition, electronic structure calculation on Ba2MYTe5 (M = Ga, In) indicates that they are both direct-gap semiconductors with large nonlinear-optical coefficients.
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PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF RARE EARTHS
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2012
·
IF 0.901
Xiaoming PENG,Yufeng HU,Chuanwei JIN,Zhixin WANG,Chao MIAO,Zheyu LI
Viscosities were measured for the ternary systems Y(NO 3 ) 3 +La(NO 3 ) 3 +H 2 O, La(NO 3 ) 3 +Ce(NO 3 ) 3 +H 2 O, and La(NO 3 ) 3 +Nd(NO 3 ) 3 + H 2 O and their binary subsystems Y(NO 3 ) 3 +H 2 O, La(NO 3 ) 3 +H 2 O, Ce(NO 3 ) 3 +H 2 O, and Nd(NO 3 ) 3 +H 2 O at 293.15, 298.15 and 308.15 K. The results were used to test the applicability of simple equations for the viscosity of the mixed solutions. The predictions agreed well with measured values, implying that the viscosities of the examined electrolyte solutions could be related to those of their constituent binary solutions using these simple equations.
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高影响因子
CRYSTENGCOMM
·
2020
·Vol. 22
·期 38
·6330-6338
·
IF 3.117
Chunyan Cheng,Yueshan Xu,Gejihu De,Jianxun Wang,Wei Wu,Yuexing Tian,Shasha Wang
Rare-earth doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) have attracted wide-ranging interest due to their potential applications in bioimaging and biolabeling, where a high emission intensity and small particle size are needed. However, common synthesis processes can be somewhat complex or require additional reactants, and the use of small-size NPs is limited by their weak luminescence intensity. In this work, uniform, monodisperse ∼5 nm β-NaGdF4:20% Yb/2% Er NPs were synthesized via a simple one-pot synthesis method in the high boiling-point solvents 1-octadecene (ODE) and oleic acid (OA) using a single dose of NaF at an ultralow NaF concentration of NaF/RE = 4. The effects of NaF/RE, the reaction temperature, and the reaction time on the size and phase of the particles were investigated. High-quality β-NaGdF4:20% Yb/2% Er@β-NaGdF4:20% Yb/10% Nd core–shell NPs with a size of ∼13 nm, enhanced UC luminescence, long UC lifetimes (τ) for green (τ ≈ 150 μs) and red (τ ≈ 105 μs) emission under 980 and 808 nm excitation, revealed via lifetime imaging, and obvious emission in the near-infrared (NIR) II region were synthesized. The synthesized core–shell NPs may result in a decrease in the overheating effect and allow for a deep penetration depth when further used for bioimaging applications. This work could inspire the synthesis of other high-quality RE-doped UCNPs via adding a single dose of a small amount of NaF and could lay the foundation for the use of Gd-based UCNPs in biomedical applications.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF SOLUTION CHEMISTRY
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2011
·Vol. 40
·期 8
·1447-1457
·
IF 1.335
Hu Yu-Feng,Jin Chuan-Wei,Zhang Jin-Zhu,Ling Shan
Electrical conductivities were measured for the ternary systems Y(NO 3 ) 3 +La(NO 3 ) 3 +H 2 O, La(NO 3 ) 3 +Ce(NO 3 ) 3 +H 2 O, La(NO 3 ) 3 +Nd(NO 3 ) 3 +H 2 O, and their binary subsystems Y(NO 3 ) 3 +H 2 O, La(NO 3 ) 3 +H 2 O, Ce(NO 3 ) 3 +H 2 O, and Nd(NO 3 ) 3 +H 2 O at (293.15, 298.15 and 308.15) K. The measured conductivities were used to test the generalized Young’s rule and the semi-ideal solution theory. The comparison results show that the generalized Young’s rule and the semi-ideal solution theory can yield good predictions for the conductivities of the ternary electrolyte solutions, implying that the conductivities of aqueous solutions of (1:3 + 1:3) electrolyte mixtures can be well predicted from those of their constituent binary solutions by the simple equations.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA
·
2011
·
IF 2.089
Yu-Feng Hu,Chuan-Wei Jin,Shan Ling,Jin-Zhu Zhang
Densities were measured for the ternary systems Y(NO3)3 + La(NO3)3 + H2O, La(NO3)3 + Ce(NO3)3 + H2O, and La(NO3)3 + Nd(NO3)3 + H2O and their binary subsystems at (293.15, 298.15, and 308.15) K. The results were used to test the applicability of simple equations for the density of the mixed solutions. The predictions of the simple equations agree well with measured values, indicating that the densities of the examined electrolyte solutions can be well predicted from those of their constituent binary solutions by the simple equations.
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高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）