JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
·
2024
·
IF 8.1
Zhao Zhao,Yan Li,Ziyu Chen,Chengzong Li,Haibin Zeng,Chengming Du,Tao Li
Traditional recycling technologies for spent lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO 4 , LFP) usually suffer from issues such as complex procedures, heavy chemical consumption, and limited economic viability. Herein, we propose a method combining FeCl 3 leaching and spray pyrolysis for the high-value-added recycling of spent LFP. Using FeCl 3 as leaching agent, over 99 % of Li is selectively leached out within 30 min with a solid-liquid ratio up to 300 g L −1 . The resulting leaching residue (FePO 4 ) serves as a precursor for the synthesis of new LFP. Subsequently, the Li and Fe-containing leachate undergoes a spray pyrolysis process, yielding a pyrolysis powder comprising LiCl and Fe 2 O 3 . Through a water-leaching procedure, the separation of LiCl and Fe 2 O 3 is achieved based on their distinct solubility in water. The resulting high-purity LiCl solution and Fe 2 O 3 residue are directly utilizable for producing battery-grade Li 2 CO 3 and LFP cathodes, respectively. LFP/C cathodes, synthesized using the recovered Li 2 CO 3 and FePO 4 precursor, exhibit an impressive 99.8 % capacity retention after 200 cycles at a 1C rate. This method holds great economic and environmental benefits by producing high-value-added products while avoiding the consumption of acids or alkalis.
研究领域:
材料科学
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环境工程
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2024
·
IF 13.3
Haofei Wu,Zheng Li,Qiwen Zhang,Luozhen Jiang,Chen Hou,Shufen Chu,Jing Feng,Wenwu Xu,Lina Li,Fang Song,Mingwei Chen,Pan Liu
Pyrolysis-induced single-atom (SA) immobilization is a facile approach for the large-scale synthesis of single-atom materials, which holds promising potential in catalysis. The transition behavior from metal precursor to SA is not yet fully understood. Here, we report that coordinating chloride ligands play a pivotal role in stabilizing Pt/Ir/Ru SA when pyrolyzing their precursors on nanoporous metal oxide (Co 3 O 4 , NiO, and Fe 2 O 3 ). The electrochemical and spectroscopic analysis combined with theoretical calculations suggests a thermal-driven progressive decomposition of metal precursors. Pyrolysis at a critical temperature of 250 ℃ drives the formation of the Ir-O 3 motif between the Ir-based precursor and the supporting Co 3 O 4 , whereas three residual chloride ligands remain coordinated on the top and prohibit them from reacting with free Ir-containing species. Ir-SA/Co 3 O 4 with an Ir loading of up to 3 at.% is produced. For electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction, it delivers a current density of 10 mA/cm 2 at an overpotential of only 220 mV, corresponding to 11-fold higher mass activity over their corresponding nanoclusers/Co 3 O 4 . Our work highlights the essential role of ligands in the formation of SA, offering new insights into the thermal stability of SA, as well as a new avenue to increasing the loading of SAs.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
催化化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
FUEL
·
2024
·
IF 6.7
Caige Wang,Tao Wang,Qian Liu,Dongling Wu
The development of catalytic pyrolysis strategy is the key to the efficient utilization of raw coal. Herein, a novel microwave-assisted deep eutectic solvent (DES) swelling strategy was used to catalyze the pyrolysis of Naomaohu coal. The multifunctional FeCl 3 -Levulinic acid DES was synthesized, it could not only act as the solvent to swell coal, but to highly efficient catalyzed the pyrolysis of the swelled coal. During the process of microwave swelling, DES enhanced the induced polarization of unsaturated bonds, destroyed the weak intermolecular chemical bonds, increased the spacing of aromatic layers and reduced the particle size of raw coal, thus exhibiting a superior swelling effect. Notably, with the catalytic action of DES, it effectively promoted the conversion of coal as well as the escape of light components in the pyrolysis process. Based on the advantages of DES, the pyrolysis tar yield increased significantly (from 11.85% to 17.63%) and the yield of Benzene-Toluene-Xylene was as high as 11.31% in the tar and its content was 14.48 mg g −1 . The light component (BP ≤ 360 °C, 67.50%) and light oil (BP ≤ 170 °C, 42.00%) of the tar reached high levels. What’s more, the pyrolysis behavior and kinetics results indicated that the pre-exponential factor was 2.61 × 10 16 min −1 and the average apparent activation energy was 267.39 kJ mol −1 . The proposed efficient method is expected to provide novel strategy for the swell and catalytic pyrolysis of raw coal using diverse multifunctional DES.
研究领域:
能源科学
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化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
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2024
·
IF 5.8
Rui Li,Jinchu Yang,Xiaoqing Yin,Yuhui Li,Pengfei Liu,Mingqin Zhao
Maillard intermediates, especially Amadori compounds, played a crucial role in the formation of flavor or adverse Maillard products, directly influencing the sensorial and organoleptic properties of foodstuff. Here, in order to modulate the degradation products of Amadori compounds, the active hydroxyl and carboxyl groups on the Amadori skeleton were protected, then two new Amadori derivatives based on leucine (Leu-AD) and glutamic acid (Glu-AD) were obtained with relatively high yield. The subsequent TG-DTG and DSC tests showed that both Leu-AD and Glu-AD were stable at room temperature and could be fully degraded at 400 °C. The TG-DTG curve of Glu-AD was more complicated than that of Leu-AD due to the asynchronous degradation of the two carboxyl groups on Glu-AD. Their pyrolytic products also exhibited great difference, specifically, the flavor products released from Leu-AD were mainly pyrroles and Strecker degradation products, while the pyrolytic products of Glu-AD mainly included methyl substituted furans derived from the pyranose ring and esters resulting from the degradation of glutamic acid moiety. Comparatively, the species and relative content of their (Leu-AD and Glu-AD) pyrolytic products were distinct to the reported flavor products generated from the corresponding Amadori compounds and glucose-leucine/glutamic acid mixtures, indicating Amadori derivatives could be an alternative flavor precursors generating Maillard-type aroma.
研究领域:
食品科学
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化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
FUEL
·
2024
·
IF 6.7
Jian Li,Wen Fu,Xiaowei Bai,Xiangrui Lin,Heping Yang,Mengfei Wang,Guangxuan Liu,Zhenghua Dai
Oxidative pyrolysis of biomass, which introduces controlled oxygen into the reaction, enables autothermal processes and addresses heat transfer challenges in large reactors. Oxygen promotes exothermic reactions and changes product composition. Given the unique chemistry of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, their pyrolytic behaviors vary with oxygen levels. This study examines these variations. The results indicate that when 10 vol% of oxygen is introduced, for cellulose, the main impact is on the third (310–410 °C) and fourth (410–700 °C) stages of pyrolysis, where O 2 reacts with the produced sugars (reducing by 6.6 %) and biochar to generate CO, a small amount of CO 2 , and water; for hemicellulose, the main impact is on the fourth stage (340–850 °C), where O 2 reacts with the produced biochar to generate CO, a small amount of CO 2 , and water; for lignin, the main impact is on the second (190–410 °C) and third (410–850 °C) stages, where O 2 reacts with the produced phenolic monomers (reducing by 2.2 %) and biochar to generate CO 2 , a small amount of CO, and water. Cellulose and hemicellulose generate more CO in oxidative pyrolysis, whereas lignin produces more CO 2 , due to varying oxygen content. Furthermore, after the introduction of 10 vol% of oxygen, the pyrolysis process of both lignin and cellulose is advanced, with lignin reaching an exothermic peak value of 18.6 mW/mg, which is 5.3 mW/mg higher than that of cellulose and 11.2 mW/mg higher than that of hemicellulose, indicating that lignin releases the most heat, while hemicellulose releases the least.
研究领域:
能源与环境科学
·
生物质化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
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2024
·
IF 7.7
Panpan Yuan,Meng An,Yanyan Chen,Fulin Yang,Hao Sun,Yunwu Zheng,Xu Lin,Can Liu,Defa Hou,Hong Lei,Gianluca Tondi
Due to the innate recalcitrancy caused by robust hydrogen bonding interaction, cellulose cannot be easily processed into high-valued materials or chemicals. Herein, a solvent-free ball milling treatment was conducted to activate microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). The research results demonstrated that ball milling treatment rapidly reduced the average particle size (Ð) and crystalline index (CrI) of MCC. Ball milling treatment for 1 h resulted in the Ð and CrI of MCC decreasing from 48 μm and 84.5 % to 23.3 μm and 25.4 %, respectively. Further prolonging the ball milling time from 1 h to 4 h slightly reduced the Ð and CrI of cellulose but led to the degradation of cellulose. Furthermore, the ball milling-activated cellulose (BMC) was chemically modified for preparing polylactic acid (PLA)/modified cellulose (m-BMC) composite films. Benefitting from the decreased Ð and valid surface modification of BMC, the tensile strength and elongation at break of the achieved PLA/m-BMC improved by 77.2 % and 189.3 % compared with the PLA/MCC, respectively. Besides, ball milling for 1 h improved the relative contents of saccharides in the pyrolysis products of cellulose from 33.2 % to 60.4 %. This work provided some basic understanding of ball milling activation of cellulose for further efficient surface modification and pyrolysis.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
·
生物质能
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
·
2024
·
IF 5.8
Pengfei Lu,Rongcheng Wu,Guangwen Xu,Guoxin Wang
Tobacco extracts is one of the important flavors used in tobacco products, however, some toxic phenolic compounds (phenol, o-Cresol, p-Cresol, catechol, and hydroquinone) are formed during pyrolysis . In this study, the effects of temperature, heating rate, carrier gas atmosphere, and potassium salts on the formation of phenolic compounds by the pyrolysis of tobacco extracts were investigated quantitatively. The characteristics of phenols formation by five phenol-producing precursors (chlorogenic acid, protein, rutin, glucose, and fructose) were further studied. The results showed that with increasing temperature (300–500 ℃), the phenols yields first increased and then decreased, reaching the maximum at about 450 ℃. The yields of phenol and catechol can be significantly decreased by air atmosphere, lower heating rate, and addition of potassium acetate. It was further proved that chlorogenic acid, protein, and rutin are important precursors of phenolic compounds, and chlorogenic acid had the highest phenol yield of 18178.52 μg/g. Moreover, combined with the content of each precursor in the extracts, it was calculated that 83.6 % of the phenol formed at 350 ℃ came from protein and chlorogenic acid, with chlorogenic acid contributing 41.52 %. Potassium acetate decreased the formation of phenol and catechol mainly by acting on chlorogenic acid, inhibiting them by 54.17 % and 57.26 %, respectively; however, it promoted the cresols formation from these precursors to varying degrees during pyrolysis.
研究领域:
化学
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毒理学
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食品科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
·
2024
·
IF 6.9
Shuai Guo,Yu Wang,Jianwen Yi,Deng Zhao,Deyong Che,Hongpeng Liu,Baizhong Sun
Co-pyrolysis of sludge and waste plastics is a long-term strategic approach for producing valuable fuels. However, sludge is characterized by a high protein content, which serves as a significant source of nitrogenous components in bio-oil. To improve the quality of pyrolysis products, the present study investigated the effect of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) on nitrogen transformation during the pyrolysis of sludge protein (SP). The study findings indicated that LDPE addition reduced the amount of solid residue owing to the interaction between SP and H radicals generated by LDPE pyrolysis. The thermal weight loss difference consistently remained below 0 when the SP-to-LDPE mixing ratio was 7:3, indicating that LDPE promotes the pyrolysis of SP. For the analysis of nitrogen-containing products during pyrolysis, LDPE addition significantly reduced the levels of nitrogen-containing compounds in the bio-oils of glutamate (Glu), histidine (His), and tyrosine (Tyr). Specifically, at 600°C, Glu, His, and Tyr in the bio-oils decreased by 31.4%, 33.3%, and 34.38%, respectively. No significant changes were observed in the nitrogen content within the pyrolysis char of Glu and His. However, all three amino acids exhibited a significant increase in the formation of NO x precursors due to the attack on the nitrogen positions of the heterocyclic nitrogen species by the H radicals generated by LDPE. This study contributes to research on the impact of LDPE on nitrogen migration and conversion during the pyrolysis of SP, laying the foundation for subsequent studies on pollutant removal reactions.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
能源与燃料
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2024
·
IF 13.3
Yan Wang,Kangqi Cao,Wenlong Sun,Xiangxi Lin,Jianwei Wang,Jessica Villarreal,Longzhi Li
Microwave catalytic pyrolysis of lignin is one of emerging technologies for efficiently converting lignin into fuels and chemicals. Molecular sieves (HZSM-5) are widely used as carriers to load metallic components for biomass pyrolysis but often encounter challenges such as high diffusion resistance and insufficient acidity of acidic sites. Traditionally, HZSM-5 is directly modified to enhance the activity of the acidic sites, but this modification is ineffective in improving the metallic components’ activity. Instead, we made nitrogen doping on Fe and then supported on HZSM-5 to construct Fe-N 25 /HZSM-5 catalysts for microwave catalytic pyrolysis of lignin. The N-doped Fe has the effect of “killing two birds with one stone” on enhancing the catalytic activity. The characterization results indicated that N replaced C of the graphitic carbon network to form carbon nitride structure, and further combined with Fe to generate Fe-N bonds, improving the electronegativity of the metallic component. Besides, the loading of N-doped Fe increased the acidity of the catalyst. The utilization of 1.00Fe-N 25 /HZSM-5 obtained the greatest bio-gas yield (35.2 wt%), a hydrogen yield of 27.8 mL/min, bio-oil yield (36.4 wt%) and phenol selectivity of 46.2 %. The likely pathway of microwave catalytic pyrolysis on Fe-N 25 /HZSM-5 was proposed through DFT calculation, using guaiacol as a model compound. The results suggested that N-doped Fe on HZSM-5 8 T tended to break the side-chain methoxy during pyrolysis of guaiacol, with energy barrier of 0.14 eV. This paper provides a promising strategy for modification of microwave pyrolysis catalysts.
研究领域:
能源化学
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催化材料
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF THE ENERGY INSTITUTE
·
2024
·
IF 5.6
Zhangjun Huang,Ziqi Tang,Hong Tian,Linli Shang,Xuan Huang,Lei Liu,Yanni Xuan
s: Nitrogen-containing compounds become a bottleneck in the conversion of biomass pyrolysis oil into high-value chemicals and fuels, and they are easily oxidized to nitrogen oxides in the subsequent utilization process, causing serious pollution to the environment. Lignin, a biomass component, has an important influence on nitrogen migration during biomass pyrolysis. In this study, we investigated the interaction of lignin model compounds (vanillin and Syringol) with nitrogen-containing components (phenylalanine) during lignin/amino acid co-pyrolysis using tube furnace experiments, thermogravimetric infrared (TG-FTIR) experiments, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS), as well as the effect of lignin on the pyrolysis gas release and pyrolysis products of phenylalanine, in conjunction with quantum chemical calculation The effect of lignin on the pyrolysis of phenylalanine to styrene was explored. The experimental results showed that during the co-pyrolysis process, lignin modulators (vanillin and Syringol) dramatically reduced the temperature of the first stage of phenylalanine pyrolysis; promoted the pyrolysis oil generation and inhibited the pyrolysis gas generation; vanillin and Syringol promoted the fracture of oxygen-containing and nitrogen-containing functional groups of the side chain of phenylalanine, which resulted in a significant increase in the yields of aromatic hydrocarbons in the pyrolysis oils, with an increase of 32.07 % and 23.41 %, respectively. The simulation results showed that the hydrogen radicals generated by lignin modulators would promote the carbon ring breakage, decarboxylation and intermolecular ring-forming reaction of phenylalanine side chain to generate 1,2-diphenylethene, styrene and NH 3 , and promote the nitrogen-containing carbon chain to undergo intramolecular hydrogen transfer to form HCN, which was converted into styrene pathway showing strong competitiveness.
研究领域:
能源与环境科学
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化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
·
2013
·
IF 4.75
Shuai Leng,Xinde Wang,Qiuxia Cai,Fengyun Ma,Yue’e Liu,Jianguo Wang
Direct biomass conversion into chemicals remains a great challenge because of the complexity of the compounds; hence, this process has attracted less attention than conversion into fuel. In this study, we propose a simple one-step method for converting bagasse into furfural (FF) and acetic acid (AC). In this method, bagasse pyrolysis over ZnCl 2 /HZSM-5 achieved a high FF and AC yield (58.10%) and a 1.01 FF/AC ratio, but a very low yield of medium-boiling point components. However, bagasse pyrolysis using HZSM-5 alone or ZnCl 2 alone still remained large amounts of medium-boiling point components or high-boiling point components. The synergistic effect of HZSM-5 and ZnCl 2 , which combines pyrolysis, zeolite cracking, and Lewis acid-selective catalysis results in highly efficient bagasse conversion into FF and AC. Therefore, our study provides a novel, simple method for directly converting biomass into high-yield useful chemical.
研究领域:
能源化学
·
催化化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
International Journal of Minerals Metallurgy and Materials
·
2024
·Vol. 31
·期 10
·2244-2252
·
IF 5.6
Hou Zihan,Guo Lisheng,Fu Xianlong,Zheng Hongxian,Dai Yuqing,Wang Zhixing,Duan Hui,Dong Mingxia,Peng Wenjie,Yan Guochun,Wang Jiexi
Cobalt (Co) serves as a stabilizer in the lattice structure of high-capacity nickel (Ni)-rich cathode materials. However, its high cost and toxicity still limit its development. In general, it is possible to perform transition metal substitution to reduce the Co content. However, the traditional coprecipitation method cannot satisfy the requirements of multielement coprecipitation and uniform distribution of elements due to the differences between element concentration and deposition rate. In this work, spray pyrolysis was used to prepare LiNi 0.9 Co 0.1− x W x O 2 (LNCW). In this regard, the pyrolysis behavior of ammonium metatungstate was analyzed, together with the substitution of W for Co. With the possibility of spray pyrolysis, the Ni–Co–W-containing oxide precursor presents a homogeneous distribution of metal elements, which is beneficial for the uniform substitution of W in the final materials. It was observed that with W substitution, the size of primary particles decreased from 338.06 to 71.76 nm, and cation disordering was as low as 3.34%. As a consequence, the prepared LNCW exhibited significantly improved electrochemical performance. Under optimal conditions, the lithium-ion battery assembled with LiNi 0.9 Co 0.0925 W 0.0075 O 2 (LNCW-0.75mol%) had an improved capacity retention of 82.7% after 200 cycles, which provides insight into the development of Ni-rich low-Co materials. This work presents that W can compensate for the loss caused by Co deficiency to a certain extent.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
能源科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）