Nature Synthesis
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2026
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IF 22.6
Li Wen-Qian,Chen Yijian,Lu Xiaojun,Zhang Hui,Li Zichuang,Qian Kailong,Dai Bo,Jiang Ruoqian,Zheng Sijia,Wang Jiaqi,Zhao Xianzheng,Lu Yangfan,Liu Xiaoning,Liu Zhi,Qi Yanpeng,Zhang Bin,Li Xin-Hao,Chen Jie-Sheng,Ye Tian-Nan
Despite the development of the Haber–Bosch process, ammonia synthesis under mild conditions remains challenging due to the high bond energy (945 kJ mol⁻ 1 ) of the N≡N triple bond. Both thermal- and photocatalytic processes often suffer from the intrinsic scaling relationship between N 2 activation and NH 3 desorption efficiencies. Here we report that the photocatalytic process over an AlFe nanoalloy catalyst provides a promising solution through a photoinduced nitrogen spillover reaction mechanism. Fe acts as the primary active site for N 2 adsorption and dissociation. The transferred photoexcited electrons from Al to Fe enhance N 2 activation. Al serves as a secondary active site, facilitating N spillover from Fe to Al sites under photoexcitation, promoting NH 3 desorption. This dual-site strategy enables an ammonia synthesis rate of 8.6 mmol g cat −1 h −1 at 4.28 W cm −2 without additional thermal input under ambient pressure. The performance surpasses that of conventional industrial Fe catalysts under thermocatalytic conditions. This study proposes a photoassisted active site modulation strategy for efficient ammonia synthesis catalyst to circumvent scaling relationships.
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Light-Science & Applications
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2026
·Vol. 15
·期 1
·135
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IF 24
Maimaitizi Hujiabudula,Ågren Hans,Chen Guanying
The development of pure-blue perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) still lags behind that of green and red-emitting PeLEDs. Mixed halide (Br/Cl) perovskite nanocrystals (PeNCs) are commonly employed for blue emission but suffer from halide vacancies and ion migration. Here, we present a passivation strategy using the multifunctional fluorinated phosphonic acid molecule (1H,1H,2H,2H-heptadecafluorodec-1-yl)phosphonic acid (HFPA), which possesses active functional groups that improve the stability and electroluminescence performance of CsPb(Br/Cl) 3 NCs. The HFPA molecule is shown to interact with uncoordinated Pb 2+ on the PeNC surface through the phosphonate groups, concurrently establishing hydrogen bonds with adjacent halide ions. Moreover, the presence of fluorine atoms promotes ionic bond formation with the halide octahedra, thereby stabilizing the octahedral structure. The fabricated PeNC-LEDs exhibited a spectrally stable pure-blue emission peak at 467 nm, achieving a significantly improved external quantum efficiency (14.8%, 9-fold higher), maximum luminance (1052 cd·m -2 , 10-fold higher), and half-life (342 s, 13-fold higher) compared to the device fabricated with unmodified CsPb(Br/Cl) 3 NCs. Furthermore, the effective passivation of surface vacancies and stabilization of halogen ions by the HFPA molecules successfully suppressed ion migration in the PeNC-LEDs, thereby significantly enhancing the stability of the device.
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Nature Communications
·
2026
·
IF 18.1
Li Feng,Wu Qikang,Zhou Yan,Lv Shanshan,Meng Jing,Zhang Yongning,Dou Sixin,Cheng Yanyang,Chen Chang,Sun Wenming,Chen Zheng
Hybrid sites (M 1+x ) that incorporate single atoms (M 1 ) with clusters (M x ) hold great potential for overcoming linear scaling relations in electrocatalysis, but spatial decoupling of M 1 from M x fundamentally hampers intercomponent synergy. Here, we report a composite electrocatalyst (Zn 1 Fe 1+x / f -NC) featuring Fe x clusters encapsulated within nano-fingerprint carbon layers and surrounded by densely dispersed Fe/Zn-N 4 atomic sites. Decoupling experiments revealed that Fe 1 /Zn 1 atomic sites mainly initiate catalytic activity, while Fe x clusters further boost intrinsic activity, whereas nano-fingerprint carbon facilitates the confinement and stabilization of M 1+x . The Zn 1 Fe 1+x / f -NC demonstrates competitive oxygen reduction reaction performance, achieving a half-wave potential of 0.93 V and stability over 50 h. Zinc-air batteries with Zn 1 Fe 1+x / f -NC air cathode exhibit a peak power density of 263.82 mW·cm −2 and robust stability exceeding 2200 h at 10 mA cm −2 . Density functional theory calculations reveal that the atomic Zn sites, Fe x clusters and nano-fingerprint carbon layers jointly enhance the catalytic activity and stability by modulating the electronic structure of Fe-N 4 sites and optimizing the adsorption energy of the key intermediate, especially OH*.
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Nature Communications
·
2026
·
IF 15.7
Tianyao Li,Jingxin Zhang,Jing Guo,Bohong Sun,Yuxuan Han,Hu Xu,Yi Weng,Qinghao Cao,Min Li,Guangyu Zhao,Lin Liu,Xingfa Gao,Lianpan Dai,Daming Wang,Yuhong Cao
Messenger RNA (mRNA) therapeutics rely on lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) for delivery, yet inefficient endosomal escape remains a major bottleneck, with only a small fraction of internalized cargo reaching the cytoplasm. Conventional LNPs encapsulate mRNA in amorphous lipid cores, where partial charge neutralization and lack of structural order limit protonation-driven membrane disruption. Here, we present an architectural strategy that engineers LNP internal structure using ionizable lipid–coated gold nanoparticles (IC-AuNPs) as rigid, pH-responsive cores. The Au cores template the formation of radially ordered core–shell architectures that stabilize particles at physiological pH while amplifying charge segregation and curvature stress under acidic endosomal conditions. As a result, Au-LNPs achieve a twofold increase in endosomal escape and ~100-fold greater cytoplasmic mRNA diffusion compared to conventional LNPs. Functionally, Au-LNPs enhance mRNA expression in vitro, increases in vivo protein production up to sevenfold, boost antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, and improve therapeutic efficacy in a triple-negative breast cancer model. Lipid Nanoparticles (LNPs) effectively deliver mRNA to cells but suffer have low levels of endosomal release. Here the authors report on core-shell LNPs with ionizable lipid–coated gold nanoparticle cores with enhanced pH-responsive membrane disruption, endosomal escape, and cytosolic mRNA delivery improving therapeutic efficiency.
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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology
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2026
·Vol. 13
·期 1
·15
·
IF 10.1
Hao Haijing,Zhu Ying,Zhong Mei,Liu Yang,Dai Zhenghua,Jin Lijun
Oil-soluble catalyst is a promising alternative to non-oil-soluble catalyst due to excellent dispensability in coal-oil slurry and relatively high activity. To reveal evolution behavior of active phase of the oil-soluble Fe-based catalysts in direct liquefaction of Shangwan coal, three oil-soluble Fe-based catalysts (FeLA, FeOA, FeSA) were synthesized via saponification method with linoleic acid, oleic acid and stearic acid as organic ligands, and were compared with two traditional iron oxide catalysts (Fe 2 O 3 , FeOOH). The evolution of active compositions during different temperatures was studied by XRD, SEM, XPS and HRTEM. Results demonstrated superior stability and catalytic activity of oil-soluble catalyst during direct liquefaction. TG and FTIR analyses confirmed the decomposition at lower temperatures, and formed active phases more readily than Fe 2 O 3 and FeOOH catalysts. The oil yields were significantly improved up to 62.82 wt%, 64.38 wt% and 66.36 wt% for FeLA, FeOA and FeSA, which were higher than those of Fe 2 O 3 and FeOOH catalysts. FeOA and FeLA catalysts particularly excelled in promoting the formation of cycloalkanes, thereby improving oil quality. The characterizations by XRD and XPS analyses of the samples indicated that these oil-soluble catalysts rapidly form Fe 0.875 S at lower temperatures, avoiding intermediate oxide phases. Smaller crystallite sizes were produced for oil-soluble catalysts compared than Fe 2 O 3 and FeOOH. Especially, substantial amounts of Fe 0.875 S were generated for FeSA during initial coal pyrolysis, which activated hydrogen to stabilize coal macromolecular radicals and enhanced coal conversion and yield. This work provides a guide for the development of highly efficient catalysts in direct coal liquefaction.
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JOURNAL OF NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY
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2026
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IF 15
Yanwei Lv,Mengni Jiang,Qiwen Jiang,Xinyuan Zhang,Yijie Xie,Yunyi Yang,Shige Wang,Lianghao Hu,Jiulong Zhao
Pyroptosis is involved in various inflammatory and fibrotic processes, but its specific role in the progression of chronic pancreatitis (CP) remains insufficiently explored. This study first investigated the dynamic expression changes of pyroptosis-related proteins during CP development and verified the regulatory effects of disulfiram (DSF) on key effector cells in CP, namely pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) and macrophages. Building on these findings, a gut microenvironment-responsive nanoplatform, CuSe/DSF/EL nanoflowers, was designed and synthesized by integrating CuSe (as a carrier and selenium donor), DSF (as the core therapeutic agent), and Eudragit ® L100-55 (EL, a pH-sensitive polymer for intestinal targeting). Results demonstrated that the CuSe/DSF/EL nanoflowers exhibited excellent biocompatibility, robust antioxidant capacity, and efficient electrostatic targeting to inflamed pancreatic tissues via charge interactions. In vivo experiments using a mouse CP model confirmed that the nanoflowers significantly alleviated pancreatic inflammation, fibrosis, and pyroptosis, while effectively repairing pancreatic structure and restoring its function. Further RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis revealed that the nanoflowers reversed CP-associated transcriptomic dysregulation, with a notable focus on correcting impaired pancreatic secretion pathways. This study clarifies the critical role of pyroptosis in CP pathogenesis and provides a novel, multi-mechanistic nanotherapeutic strategy for CP treatment by enhancing the bioavailability and targeting efficiency of DSF.
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JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE
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2026
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IF 4.4
Chen Kexin,Zhou Ronghao,Jin Zhibin,Gong Yue,Hu Yinchun,Tian Zenghui,Wei Yan,Huang Di
Flexible sensors are indispensable components in wearable electronic devices and have great potential for applications in human health monitoring, human–machine interfaces and robotics. Conductive hydrogels have emerged as key materials for flexible sensor fabrication due to their exceptional modulus, elasticity and conductivity. Polyacrylamide (PAM) and sodium alginate (SA) were employed as the base materials, while glycerin and water were used as a binary solvent, and polydopamine-modified carbon nanotubes (PDA-CNTs) acted as conductive fillers to enhance conductivity and improve the mechanical properties of the hydrogel. A sensitive, self-adhesive and super-stretchable conductive hydrogel was successfully synthesized, which was designated as glycerol–water–polyacrylamide/sodium alginate/polydopamine-modified carbon nanotubes (GW-PAM/SA/PDA@CNTs). Experimental findings demonstrate that this hydrogel exhibits excellent mechanical properties, tissue adhesion, antifreezing and heat-resistant properties, self-healing and long-term stability. Moreover, it facilitates the monitoring of human motion signals, facial micro-expressions and electrocardiographic (ECG) signals. This study proposes a novel design strategy for the development of a multifunctional conductive hydrogel.
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Biochar
·
2026
·Vol. 8
·期 1
·113
·
IF 15.1
Zhang Jian,Xie Jiafang,Zhu Shuhui,Yang Jiacheng E.,Weng Bo,Zheng Yuming
Biochar optimized with oxygen-containing functional groups is believed to be beneficial for peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation, and biochar-loaded Co 3 O 4 -based catalysts are expected to be one of the most promising PMS activators for the efficient removal of organic pollutants. Nevertheless, the real active sites on Co 3 O 4 catalysts are still in debate due to insufficient experimental evidence. Herein, Co 3 O 4 growing on the oxygen-containing functional groups optimized rice husk biochar (RHBA) was synthesized (RHBA@Co 3 O 4 ), and RHBA800@25Co 3 O 4 + PMS system achieved complete degradation (100%) of refractory levofloxacin (LFX) within 4 min. The superior catalytic performance was suggested to be attributed not only to the uniform dispersion of Co 3 O 4 , but also to the transformation of lattice oxygen in Co 3 O 4 , which was found to play an important role in the catalytic process by inducing the formation of Co 3 O 4−α –OH. Meanwhile, density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicated that the adsorption energy ( E ads ) of PMS on Co 3 O 4−α –OH was far lower than that on Co 3 O 4 . Moreover, both radical and non-radical pathways were indicated to be involved during the degradation process. Additionally, the practical application of RHBA@Co 3 O 4 was investigated using various antibiotics, actual water environments, and fixed-bed reactors. The results showed that it possessed good practical degradation performance and significantly reduced the toxicity of intermediate products. This work provides a fresh insight into the catalytic mechanism of RHBA800@25Co 3 O 4 for PMS activation and wastewater treatment, offering a new perspective on the catalytic mechanism of Co 3 O 4 -based materials. Highlights
RHBA800@25Co 3 O 4 exhibited ultrafast antibiotics degradation via peroxymonosulfate activation.
Inspired formation of Co 3 O 4−α –OH by lattice oxygen induction was explored.
Ecological safety of levofloxacin degradation products was verified through antibacterial experiments.
Graphical The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.
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RESPIRATORY RESEARCH
·
2026
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IF 5.7
Yi Yanjun,Hu Yidu,Ren Shencheng,Wu Yingting,Chen Xinran,Lu Yang,Yu Qi,Zuo Di,Bi Guoshu,Wang Qun,Zhan Cheng,Bian Yunyi
Background KRAS G12C-targeted therapies have transformed the treatment of KRAS G12C-mutant lung adenocarcinoma. However, acquired resistance to these therapies, whose underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully understood, presents a major obstacle to achieving long-term therapeutic success. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the mechanisms of acquired resistance to KRAS G12C inhibitors and identify potential regulators of resistance in lung adenocarcinoma. Methods Two lung adenocarcinoma cell lines (H23 and H2122) were exposed to escalating doses of two novel KRAS G12C inhibitors, fulzerasib and garsorasib, to generate resistant variants. Transcriptomic profiling was conducted to identify genes consistently upregulated in resistant cells. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout (MXD4-KO) and siRNA-mediated knockdown of MXD4 were performed to assess its role in drug resistance. Mechanistic investigations employed inhibitors of ferroptosis, apoptosis, and necrosis, along with assays measuring lipid peroxidation and malondialdehyde levels. Further analysis included ferroptosis-related gene expression profiling, lipidomic profiling, ChIP-Seq, ChIP-qPCR, and dual-luciferase reporter assays. The findings were validated in patient-derived organoids (PDOs) and nude mouse models. Results Transcriptomic profiling identified 11 genes consistently upregulated in resistant cells, with MXD4 emerging as a key resistance regulator. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of MXD4 restored sensitivity to fulzerasib, garsorasib, sotorasib, and adagrasib, an effect fully reversed upon MXD4 re-overexpression. Similarly, siRNA-mediated knockdown of MXD4 in resistant cells restored drug sensitivity. Mechanistic studies revealed that MXD4 specifically suppresses ferroptosis, rather than apoptotic or necrotic pathways, by repressing ACSL4 expression and blocking its catalytic synthesis of phosphatidylethanolamine-polyunsaturated fatty acids (PE-PUFAs). ACSL4 knockout or overexpression abolished MXD4’s ability to promote ferroptosis suppression and resistance to KRAS G12C inhibitors. ChIP-Seq, ChIP-qPCR, and dual-luciferase reporter assays confirmed that MXD4 directly binds to and represses the ACSL4 promoter. These findings were validated in PDOs and nude mouse models, where MXD4 knockout restored therapeutic sensitivity, while ACSL4 knockout blocked MXD4’s resistance-promoting effects. Conclusions This study uncovers a novel resistance mechanism in which MXD4 transcriptionally silences ACSL4 to suppress ferroptosis, enabling cancer cells to evade KRAS G12C inhibitors. Targeting the MXD4-ACSL4 axis represents a promising strategy to overcome therapeutic resistance in KRAS G12C-mutant lung cancer, potentially improving long-term treatment outcomes.
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Nature Communications
·
2026
·
IF 18.1
Luo Jiawei,Liu Yuhang,Zhang Jingchao,Liu Zhedong,Guo Zhaoxin,Qian Kunyan,Li Zekun,Huang Pengfei,Wang Chunying,Zeng Jianrong,Liu Rui,Chen Yanan,Ding Jia,Hu Wenbin
Polyanionic positive electrodes with XO 4 (X = P, S, Si etc.) tetrahedra exhibit beneficial properties, making them crucial for energy storage systems. However, strong covalent X-O bonds cause electron localization, reducing intrinsic electronic conductivity and limiting rate performance. Here we show a strategy to directional design the covalency of X-O bonds for enhanced intrinsic electronic conductivity of polyanionic positive electrodes. We developed a non-equilibrium fast calcination technique to synthesize polyanionic positive electrodes inheriting weak covalent (WC) X-O bond characteristics from screened precursor. In as-synthesized NASICON-Na 3 V 2 O 1.6 (PO 4 ) 2 F 1.4 as proof-of-concept positive electrode, the WC P-O bonds effectively activate electron delocalization, thereby increasing electrons transport capability along V-O-P-O-V pathway. The intrinsic electronic conductivity of optimised material achieves 3.57 times enhancement, leading to 3.70 times and 3.86 times improvement in specific capacity and specific energy at 50 C. Meanwhile, the optimised material exhibits capacity retention of 85.9% after 3000 cycles at 1 C. This study potentially opens up a broad space for improving the intrinsic conductivity of polyanionic materials (such as phosphates, sulfates, silicates, etc.), with the potential to promote the development of next-generation high-power positive electrode.
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JOURNAL OF NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY
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2026
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IF 15
Jiachen Chen,Zihao Tao,Chenyu Qiu,Rui Wu,Zihao Huang,Xinyu Jiang,Pingyi Zhu,Yifan Wang,Longfa Kou,Xiujun Cai
Liver fibrosis is a major contributor to global mortality due to its progressive disruption of hepatic architecture and function, and it remains a critical unmet medical need. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are considered a key therapeutic target owing to their central role in fibrosis progression, primarily mediated through the TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signaling pathway. Pirfenidone (PFD), a clinically approved broad-spectrum antifibrotic agent, shows potential for repurposing in liver fibrosis therapy. However, its clinical translation is limited by poor aqueous solubility and a lack of cellular targeting specificity. To address these limitations, we developed a vitamin A-conjugated liposomal delivery system (P@GB-Lipo-VA) to enhance the liver-specific accumulation of PFD. In vitro studies demonstrated that P@GB-Lipo-VA significantly increased cellular uptake in TGF-β1-stimulated LX-2 cells and reduced oxidative stress. In a bile duct ligation (BDL)-induced mouse model of liver fibrosis, P@GB-Lipo-VA effectively alleviated collagen deposition, improved liver function, and suppressed activation of the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway. These findings support P@GB-Lipo-VA as a promising targeted nanotherapeutic platform for enhancing the efficacy and safety of PFD in the treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Nature Nanotechnology
·
2026
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IF 37.5
Wang Qin,Zeng Cici,Chen Ziqi,Hu Lei,Dou Jiaxiang,Ye Chengkun,Zhu Lianbang,Liang Qirui,Pan Huimin,Jiang Wei,Wang Yucai
Considering that 90% of cancer-related deaths are due to metastasis, treating micrometastases in their infancy is critical. Targeting micrometastases with nanoparticles has shown therapeutic potential, but a limited understanding of the delivery mechanisms has slowed material optimization. Here, using real-time intravital imaging, we discover that nanoparticles can gather around avascular micrometastases through the enhanced permeability of vessels in adjacent non-malignant tissues, defined as the enhanced permeability of adjacent vessels effect. We show that micrometastases have altered mechanical properties and imposed compressive stress on adjacent vessels, activating β1 integrins and subsequent cytoskeletal organization, which leads to the disruption of endothelial integrity and increased vascular permeability. Ultimately, this enhanced-permeability-of-adjacent-vessels-enabled nanoparticle enrichment substantially amplifies the therapeutic outcomes for metastatic interventions. These findings elucidate the mechanisms of nanoparticle delivery to micrometastases, offering promising avenues for nanoparticle-based diagnostics and therapies for metastatic cancer.
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