Catalysts
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2025
·Vol. 15
·期 4
·327
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IF 4
Xinyan Yu,Wanting Xu,Lu Gan
In the present study, cellulose and lignin with different weight ratios were mixed and pyrolyzed to prepare biochars for organic dye pollutant removal in water via Fenton-like catalysis. The results indicated that a higher cellulose content in a biomass precursor could result in a lower biochar yield with a lower carbon content in the biochar. Moreover, with the increase in cellulose content, the resulting biochar had a higher graphitization degree with higher levels of crystallinity, as well as a richer porosity. When using Rhodamine B (RhB) as the dye probe, the biochar derived from a higher cellulose/lignin ratio precursor exhibited better adsorptive performance. It was further found that the biochar could act as a Fenton-like catalyst to activate peroxydisulfate (PDS) and accelerate RhB removal via a degradation route, in which single oxygen (1O2) was identified as the active species. Therefore, the biochar/PDS catalytic system exhibited prominent RhB removal stability in various water matrices with a wide pH application range. This study develops a new approach to prepare biomass-derived biochar with high organic removal capacity via Fenton-like catalysis assisted with adsorption synergy.
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Sustainable Energy & Fuels
·
2025
·
IF 4.1
Guozhang Chang,Shanshan Dai,Xingyu Ye,Jie Li,Yunxiu Ren,Weiwei Cui,Cuiping Wang,Jian Zhang
Individual organic components namely cellulose, xylan and lignin are fundamental and essential factors for generation of bio-based monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (MAHs) from pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass. In this study, the influence of individual components on the characteristics of thermal decomposition and MAHs generation in pyrolysis of cellulose/xylan/lignin mixtures were investigated by a TG-MS analyzer and a Py-GC/MS analyzer. Results show that both increase in contents of cellulose and xylan were conductive to the thermal decomposition of cellulose/xylan/lignin mixtures, while the increase in content of lignin presented the opposite effect. The orders of effect on the thermal decomposition were cellulose > xylan > lignin. Benzene was released in pyrolysis from 281 to 766°C, and its release amount increased with the increased cellulose, xylan, or lignin with various mechanisms. Toluene was released from 281 to 692°C and its release amount was only increased with the increased lignin. Compared to linear heating technique (15°C/min), fast pyrolysis technique (20°C/ms) was conductive to the formation of xylene. MAHs was rarely directly produced both in pyrolysis of cellulose and xylan, but both the presence of the two components were beneficial to promoting MAHs yield. The promotion ratio of the increased cellulose (86.13%) was higher than that of the increased xylan (30.73%).
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SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
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2022
·
IF 10.753
Haobo Bi,Zhanshi Ni,Junjian Tian,Chunlong Jiang,Hao Sun,Qizhao Lin
The effects of lignin (LIG) on coal gangue (CG) pyrolysis characteristics, gas emissions, and multi-lump parallel reaction modeling are studied in this paper. The combined thermogravimetry and Fourier infrared spectrometer were used to obtain the weight loss and gas product functional group data of the co-pyrolysis of coal gangue and lignin. Gaussian peaks were used to analyze the reaction degree of different proportions of lignin added to coal gangue at different temperatures. Moreover, principal component analysis (PCA) is applied to further analyze pyrolysis reaction process. During the pyrolysis of C1L3 samples, a synergistic interaction was discovered. The optimal mixing ratio of coal gangue and lignin during pyrolysis was obtained. The influence mechanism of lignin on coal gangue pyrolysis is studied in this article, which can provide technical support for the reduction and resource utilization of coal gangue. There are six-lump parallel reactions in pyrolysis after CG and LIG are mixed. The addition of LIG changed the CO 2 release law of CG pyrolysis. The strengthening of coal gangue disposal research is of positive significance for improving the environment and increasing the utilization rate of coal.
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ADVANCED MATERIALS
·
2026
·
IF 26.8
Xinlong Li,Na Luo,Zhiyang Li,Pengxian Li,Jian Chang,Lingtao Fang,Qiyao Huang,Bin Zhu,Yaokang Zhang,Xuechang Zhou,Zijian Zheng,Zhuang Xie
Skin-like soft electronics exploiting gels containing biomass-derived components raise increasing research attention, in which multifunctional lignin has been extensively explored. Nevertheless, elevating the lignin loading usually sacrifices the performance, limiting their application potentials. Herein, we develop a unique polymerizable deep eutectic solvent (PDES) consisting of a quaternary ammonium monomer and lactic acid to incorporate with high-density lignosulfonate (LS) of > 20 wt.% and address the performance trade-offs. The lignin-induced self-catalytic polymerization associated with electrostatic assembly enables room temperature gelation within < 5 min and ambient-air micropatterning. Remarkably, the anionic LS and polycationic matrix affording multiple non-covalent interactions drastically enhance the mechanical strength to > 1 MPa and versatile adhesion up to > 500 kPa, meanwhile allowing self-healing, photothermal, and antibacterial capabilities. Such LS-PDES eutectogels also permit ion conduction (> 3 mS cm −1 ) and superior environmental adaptivity over −80°C to 100°C. Thus, employing the in situ polymerization between electrodes, rapid prototyping of bend-/impact-resistant flexible supercapacitors is demonstrated to power wearable sensors. More importantly, it facilitates the production of miniaturized soft organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) arrays, whose performance can be well maintained under deformed and extreme temperature conditions. This high-lignin-density eutectogel platform paves a straightforward route towards printed soft ionotronics, bioelectronic interfaces, and brain-inspired computing.
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CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS
·
2026
·
IF 2.9
Guanqin Wang,Wenlong Gao,Congcong Li,Xiaonuan Geng,Xinyu Wang
A SPEEK/lignin composite membrane is developed to overcome the conductivity-selectivity trade-off. • A hydrogen-bond network between lignin and SPEEK effectively blocks crossover of large [Fe(CN) 6 ] 4− ions. • Improved hydrophilicity facilitates electrolyte uptake and creates better ion transport channels. • The composite membrane enables excellent cycling stability with significantly enhanced coulombic efficiency. Zinc‑iron flow batteries are limited by membrane conductivity-selectivity trade-off. We develop sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone)/lignin (SPEEK/L) composite membranes. The abundant hydroxyl groups (–OH) in lignin interact with sulfonic acid groups (–SO 3 − ) in SPEEK to form a hydrogen-bond network. This network appreciably blocks the crossover of large [Fe(CN) 6 ] 4− ions, enhancing selectivity. The improved membrane hydrophilicity facilitates electrolyte uptake, creating better ion transport channels and reducing membrane resistance. The battery achieves 97.5% coulombic efficiency over 300 cycles at 80 mA/cm 2 , which is much higher than those of pure SPEEK. This synergistic strategy boosts conductivity and selectivity for advanced flow batteries. Download: Download high-res image (200KB) Download: Download full-size image
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REACTIVE & FUNCTIONAL POLYMERS
·
2026
·
IF 5.4
Yue Xiaopeng,Liu Hao,Ji Yu,Guan Lixiang,Lu Hailong
Modification of sebacic acid and citric acid with furfurylamine produces furfurylated sebacic acid (FS) and furfurylated citric acid (FC). Successfully constructs a high-performance polymer. • FS and FC increase cross-linking sites for DA reactions and elevate cross-linking density. • Raised cross-linking density strengthens synergistic interactions between FS/FC, lignin and flame retardants. In this study, two kinds of furan-terminated small molecules (FS and FC) were synthesized via amidation reactions between furfurylamine and polyacids (sebacic acid or citric acid), respectively, and were incorporated into the furan-functionalized epoxidized soybean oil (FE)/furan-terminated lignin (FL) thermo-reversible polymer network via Diels-Alder (DA) reaction to regulate the crosslinking density of the network. With the incorporation of DOPO-based reactive flame retardants (DE and DF), a structural optimized thermo-reversible/flame-retardant polymer with a reinforced network was fabricated. By introducing linear two-arm (FS) or branched three-arm (FC) structures, especially FC, the crosslinking density of the networks was significantly improved. As a result, the tensile strength, fracture toughness (KIC), and self-healing properties of the polymer were synchronously improved. The increased crosslinking density also enhanced the synergistic effect between FS/FC, lignin, and flame retardants, leading to improved char-forming ability and flame-retardant efficiency. The limiting oxygen index of 75FE/5FL/10FC/5DE/5DF reached 28.9% with the addition of only 5 wt% FL, enabling it to pass the UL-94 V-0 flammability rating. Compared with 100FE, this formulation exhibited reductions in total smoke production (TSP), smoke production rate (SPR), total heat release (THR), and peak heat release rate (pHRR) by 31.4%, 44.4%, 18.06%, and 21.67%, respectively. Additionally, it achieved a self-healing efficiency of 85.20% and retained 71% of its tensile strength after three reprocessing cycles. Through the aforementioned strategy, this work successfully overcomes the common trade-off among mechanical properties, self-healing efficiency, and flame retardancy in biobased dynamic polymers. It offers a practical example for developing sustainable, intelligent advanced polymeric materials for future applications. Download: Download high-res image (171KB) Download: Download full-size image
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ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
·
2026
·
IF 7.8
Jun Zhu,Jian Wang,Yumeng Gao,Jian Chen,Guomin Wu,Guifeng Liu,Can Jin,Ning Yan
Developing sustainable high-performance composites is crucial for achieving circularity in advanced structural materials. Herein, we report a fully bio-based strategy for constructing recyclable carbon fiber-reinforced composites (CFRCs) based on dynamic non-isocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) matrices. Three cardanol-derived amine curing agents with tunable functionalities were rationally designed and synthesized from renewable cardanol, and subsequently reacted with lignin-derived cyclic carbonates (LCCs) to form a robust yet reprocessable NIPU network. Structure–property analyses reveal that the molecular architecture of the cardanol-derived curing agents governs the balance between network rigidity and flexibility, thereby tailoring the thermomechanical performance of the NIPUs. Optimizing carbonate structures and amine functionality yields polymers that combine high mechanical strength (tensile strength: 44.5 MPa) with excellent thermal and solvent resistance. The presence of hydroxyurethane linkages confers dynamic covalent character via reversible transcarbamoylation, imparting efficient reprocessability and pronounced multiple–shape-memory effects. Notably, the reprocessed NIPU retains >75% of its initial tensile strength after three hot-pressing cycles. As CFRC matrices, the optimized NIPU ensures outstanding interfacial adhesion and closed-loop recyclability, allowing solvent-assisted deconstruction to recover carbon fibers with nearly preserved mechanical integrity. This research establishes an eco-friendly and scalable approach to producing entirely renewable, recyclable and superior-performance composite materials for sustainable engineering applications.
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COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
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2026
·
IF 5.4
Zhenzhen Wu,Chunyu Wang,Yingying He,Hongfu Bi,Feng Chen,Yong Ye,Gang Chen
To address petroleum-based packaging pollution and postharvest food waste, developing biodegradable composite films with tailored physicochemical properties is highly desirable. Herein, a sustainable composite film comprising soy protein isolate (SPI), cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), and lignin–zinc oxide nanoparticles (LZNPs) was fabricated via Ca²⁺-mediated ionic cross-linking and non-covalent interactions. The synergistic hydrogen bonding and ionic cross-linking formed a robust three-dimensional polymer network, significantly enhancing the tensile strength of the film and establishing excellent barrier properties against water vapor, oxygen, and carbon dioxide. Specifically, the LZNPs functionalized with phenolic hydroxyl groups and Zn²⁺ ions endowed the film with strong antioxidant activity (free-radical scavenging rates >70%) and potent antibacterial activity (nearly complete inhibition of the growth of both Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus ). Consequently, this high-performance composite film effectively preserved bananas, plums, and cherry tomatoes, extending their shelf life for over 10 days. Moreover, the film exhibited excellent biosafety in seed germination assays and achieved complete soil biodegradation within 30 days. This work provides a promising strategy for developing biodegradable multifunctional packaging materials and demonstrates significant potential for advancing sustainable fruit preservation. Download: Download high-res image (240KB) Download: Download full-size image
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
·
2026
·
IF 8.7
Yinli Liu,Hanye Cai,Lihua Yang,Xianghai Liao,Na Ling,Kai Chen
Lignin-enabled Si–O/carbon nanofibrous membranes were developed for harsh-condition oil/water separation. • Lignin contributed to defect-rich carbon framework formation and interfacial functionality. • The optimized membrane showed foldable flexibility, underwater superoleophobicity, and > 99% separation efficiency. Lignin, an abundant aromatic biological macromolecule, is an attractive sustainable precursor for functional carbon materials, yet its structure-directing role in high-performance separation membranes remains insufficiently exploited. In this work, lignin-enabled Si–O/carbon hybrid nanofibrous membranes were fabricated by electrospinning polyacrylonitrile/lignin/tetraethyl orthosilicate (PAN/lignin/TEOS) precursor solutions, followed by controlled stabilization and carbonization. During thermal conversion, lignin contributed to the formation of defect-rich carbon domains and polar interfacial characteristics, while TEOS-derived amorphous Si O phases helped regulate framework evolution, suppress structural collapse, and buffer local stress concentration. As a result, the optimized membrane developed a biomimetic brick-and-mortar-like hybrid architecture with multiscale porosity, foldable flexibility, rapid water infiltration, and strong underwater oil repellency. The membrane exhibited underwater oil contact angles above 150°, achieved separation efficiencies above 99% for surfactant-free oil/water mixtures with a water flux of 1299.36 L·m −2 ·h −1 under gravity-driven conditions, and also efficiently separated SDS-stabilized oil-in-water emulsions. Moreover, it maintained stable performance after repeated cycling, prolonged storage, and treatment under cold, hot, acidic, and alkaline conditions. This study highlights lignin not only as a sustainable carbon source, but also as a functional macromolecular component for constructing robust hybrid nanofibrous membranes for harsh-environment oil/water separation.
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Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials
·
2026
·Vol. 9
·期 2
·172
·
IF 15.5
Pan Shijie,Li Shuli,Deng Shuduan,Li Xianghong
Lignin is an ideal precursor for developing efficient, green, and low-cost carbon dot corrosion inhibitors because it is one of the most abundant sustainable resources. Nevertheless, its potential in this field has not yet been fully exploited. In this paper, a novel type of N, S-doped lignin-based carbon dots (N, S-LCDs) with ultra-high inhibition performance was successfully prepared, using lignin as a precursor and 2-thiazoline-2-thiol as both the nitrogen and sulfur source. It was demonstrated that the N, S-LCDs maintained a high corrosion inhibition efficiency of nearly 90% within the temperature range of 20 to 50 °C, with the maximum efficiency of 97.24% observed at 30 °C. Furthermore, a prolonged immersion test over 72 h confirmed the excellent stability of N, S-LCDs. Characterization results indicated that the synergistic co-doping of N and S is the key to N, S-LCDs superior performance. The adsorption of N, S-LCDs on the cold rolled steel (CRS) surface conforms to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, and a protective film is formed on the CRS surface through physical and chemical adsorption, thereby effectively inhibiting the corrosion process.
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INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
·
2026
·
IF 6.4
Ke Cheng,Shenghui Jiao,Mingcong Xu,Sha Luo,Ruiwen Wang,Chunhui Ma,Bing Tian,Wei Li,Shouxin Liu
The synergistic introduction of sub-nanometer pores (< 1 nm) and nitrogen doping is crucial for high-performance activated carbon (AC) in applications such as CO 2 adsorption and electrochemical systems. However, simultaneously achieving both features remains challenging, as pore formation and nitrogen incorporation often exhibit an inverse relationship during activation. Herein, we report a novel amination-activation strategy that concurrently engineers both features into biomass-derived AC. Critically, chemical grafting of urea onto lignin (UR-L) prior to pyrolysis enables a triple function, serving as carbon source, self-templating pore-former, and nitrogen dopant, which is distinct from simple physical mixing of urea and lignin. Compared to ACs from physically mixed urea/lignin, the optimized UR-L-700–0.5 K exhibits 37.7% higher sub-nanometer pore content, enhanced pyrrolic-N speciation, and superior CO 2 capacity (4.67 vs. 3.92 mmol g −1 at 298 K, 1 bar). When configured as a symmetric supercapacitor, it delivered a specific capacitance of 60.2 F g −1 and an energy density of 26.12 W h kg −1 , substantially exceeding YP-50F. Notably, KOH consumption was reduced by over 50% compared to conventional activation methods, underscoring the economic and environmental benefits of this strategy.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
·
2026
·
IF 5.1
Jie Qiao,Mingyuan Gao,Bo Chen,Xuemin Cui,Yuanyuan Ge,Zhili Li,Caiwei Wang
Heteroatom-doped hierarchical porous carbons are suitable electrode materials for supercapacitors. Mesopores and macropores can accelerate ion diffusion by shortening transport distance. However, the precise control of mesoporous and macroporous structures faces considerable challenges, and the optimal structure for efficient ion transport remains unclear. Herein, a self-assembly-synergistic activation coupling strategy is developed to prepare nitrogen/oxygen co-doped hierarchical porous carbons (HPCs) with tunable meso -macroporous structures from lignosulfonate sodium (LS). Ca 2+ coordinates with LS and subsequently bonds with C 2 O 4 2- , followed by the crystallization of NaNO 3 , forming LS/CaC 2 O 4 /NaNO 3 precursor. During precursor pyrolysis, LS decomposes to release CO 2 , promoting the reaction of CaC 2 O 4 and Na 2 CO 3 into Na 2 Ca(CO 3 ) 2 . NaNO 3 and Na 2 Ca(CO 3 ) 2 respectively act as activator and template, constructing hierarchical porous structures with meso -macropores. The HPCs prepared at 600 °C (HPC-600) exhibit the highest capacitances toward the adsorption of K + (368.9F g −1 at 0.5 A g −1 ) and Zn 2+ (333.8F g −1 at 0.1 A g −1 ), due to the highest 0.68 nm micropore volume and highest edge nitrogen/C O content (10.8 at.%). Meso-macroporous structure exhibits weaker K + transport capability than mesoporous structure, while can rapidly transport Zn 2+ . HPC-600 with the highest meso -macropore volume (0.872 cm 3 g −1 ) delivers inferior and excellent rate capabilities for K + and Zn 2+ adsorption, respectively. The zinc ion hybrid capacitors with HPC-600 cathode achieve high energy densities of 118.7 and 33.4 Wh kg −1 at 80 and 40000 W kg −1 , along with remarkable cycling stability (96.7% capacitance retention after 19,800 cycles).
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