BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
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2026
·
IF 8.2
Fengfan Yu,Ruirui Wang,Yanhang Wang,Mengjie Qian,Jintao Sun,Jinwen Song,Jinte Zou,Jun Li
Short-term chitosan (CTS) dosing shortened granulation time from 27 to 9 days. • CTS improved TN removal after nitrification recovered from initial inhibition. • CTS promoted sludge granulation through cationic bridging and physical nucleation. • CTS reduced sludge zeta potential and enhanced EPS secretion during granulation. • CTS@Fe 3 O 4 enabled tracking of CTS migration into aggregates during granulation. This study investigated the feasibility of accelerating aerobic granular sludge (AGS) formation by short-term in-situ dosing of chitosan (CTS) in sequencing batch reactors. Compared with the control reactor, short-term CTS dosing during start-up markedly promoted biomass aggregation, shortened the complete granulation time from 27 to 9 days, and produced larger and denser granules with superior settleability. In the CTS-amended reactor, the mean granule size reached 752 µm, while sludge volume index at 30 min (SVI 30 ) rapidly decreased to 59.4 mL/g within 24 h and stabilized at 38.2–44.8 mL/g during steady operation. Mechanistic analyses showed that CTS reduced sludge surface electronegativity, stimulated extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) secretion, and functioned as both a cationic bridging agent and a physical nucleation core. These roles were further supported by direct visualization using CTS-coated Fe 3 O 4 particles as a tracer. Temporary pH control applied to activate the cationic properties of CTS initially suppressed nitrification, but the inhibition was reversible. After recovery, the CTS reactor achieved superior total nitrogen (TN) removal, with an average effluent TN of 8.6 mg/L compared with 15.3 mg/L in the control. The enhanced TN removal may be associated with the combined effects of larger and more compact granules and the possible contribution of residual CTS as supplementary electron donor. Microbial analysis further revealed the enrichment of EPS-producing and structural bacteria, especially Thiothrix , in the CTS reactor. Overall, short-term in-situ CTS dosing provides a simple and biocompatible strategy for rapid AGS start-up and improved nitrogen removal. Download: Download high-res image (212KB) Download: Download full-size image
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SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
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2026
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IF 9.1
Chen Tang,Hongju Zeng,Yufei Lao,Man Jia,Shiyu Ou,Meng Qin,Liping Li
The pervasive contamination of aquatic systems by microplastics and nanoplastics (MNPs) poses substantial threats to environmental safety and human health, highlighting a pressing demand for eco-efficient and sustainable removal approaches. However, existing chitosan aerogel techniques encounter issues of limited adsorption capacity, and potential environmental toxicity. Drawing inspiration from the rapid fluid transport properties of fiber-reinforced bamboo cell walls, this study developed a green, vertically aligned porous vanillin-chitosan aerogel. This optimized aerogel exhibits outstanding underwater compression performance, achieving a high removal efficiency (>99%) and exceptional adsorption capacity (221.1 ± 2.22 mg·g −1 ) for polystyrene (PS) MPs. Furthermore, the aerogel maintained robust removal efficiencies (>90%) across various MNPs (including PS, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)) and within real environmental water matrices. Notably, the material exhibited excellent reusability, retaining over 92% adsorption efficiency after five regeneration cycles. It also demonstrated remarkable mechanical durability, maintaining a 99.99% height retention and an energy loss coefficient of 0.65 after 20 compressive cycles. Under dynamic flow conditions, 1.37 g of chitosan aerogel crosslinked with vanillin (CSV2) removed 99.9% of PS MNPs within 3 h across all tested concentrations. By reconciling an exceptionally high adsorption capacity with a completely green synthesis route, this bamboo-inspired aerogel provides a safe and highly sustainable strategy for practical MNPs remediation.
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CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
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2026
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IF 13.2
Helang Li,Zhenzhen Dong,Lei Chen,Tengyang Cao,Zinan Jiang,Jiawen Li,Helei Wang,Kun Tian,Yinlong Zhang,Caiqi Wang
The recalcitrant nature of chronic diabetic wounds stems from a complex pathological microenvironment characterized by bacterial biofilm formation, elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and persistent inflammation. To address this challenge, we developed an L-arginine/ferrocene dual-functionalized chitosan hydrogel architecture (CLF@MZ) integrated with Ti 3 C 2 MXene quantum dots (QDs) and ZIF-8 nanoparticles. This system aims to remodel the wound microenvironment through a multi-synergistic photothermal-biochemical strategy. Upon near-infrared irradiation, the MXene QDs generate localized hyperthermia to physically eradicate Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. Targeting the pathological microenvironment, CLF@MZ exhibits pH/ROS dual-responsive characteristics. In the acidic environment, ZIF-8 decomposes to release Zn 2+ ; meanwhile, excessive ROS at the wound site is utilized to drive ferrocene-mediated conversion of L-arginine into NO. This cascade reaction not only consumes endogenous ROS to alleviate oxidative stress but also leverages the synergistic effects of the generated NO and Zn 2+ to induce macrophage polarization from the pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype to the reparative M2 phenotype. Subsequently, the anti-inflammatory microenvironment significantly promotes the neoformation of a mature vascular network and drives ordered collagen deposition. This synergistic system effectively overcomes the healing barriers of chronic diabetic wounds and achieves high-quality skin tissue repair, offering a novel microenvironment remodeling strategy for the treatment of complex chronic wounds.
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Biomaterials Advances
·
2026
·
IF 6.7
Yuzhou Chen,Zidi Yan,Meng Zhu,Yu Liu,Kejia Li,Le Yue,Ye Tian,Hongyan Xiao,Liping Wen,Zhongwei Niu
2,3-Catechol shows superior antioxidant property and oxidation resistance than 3,4-isomer. • An innovative fabrication strategy for a chitosan hydrogel is established. • A new therapeutic option for granulation regeneration in diabetic wounds is provided. Diabetic wound healing remains a major clinical challenge due to a pathological microenvironment characterized by excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) and chronic inflammation. Excessive ROS through multiple distinct pathways hinders the regeneration of granulation tissue, which is the essential scaffold for wound repair. Although catechol attracted considerable interest for antioxidant applications in biomaterials, its inherent chemical instability under physiological conditions severely limits its therapeutic potential and clinical applications. To address these critical challenges, an antioxidant 2,3-HCat-CS/STPP hydrogel has been developed via the freeze-thaw method, composed of 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid modification of chitosan (2,3-HCat-CS) and sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP). As an antioxidant, 2,3-HCat-CS was demonstrated both theoretically and experimentally to possess superior oxidative stability and ROS-scavenging property compared to the conventional 3,4-isomer. Exploration of the gelation mechanism revealed that 2,3-HCat-CS/STPP hydrogel is formed from electrostatic interactions, crystalline regions and hydrogen bonds. Hydrogel exhibited excellent antioxidant property and biocompatibility in vitro . In a full-thickness wound model in db/db mice, treatment with 2,3-HCat-CS/STPP hydrogel effectively reduced local ROS levels, mitigated inflammation and increased the levels of key anti-inflammatory cytokines (TGF-β1 and IL-10). This intervention effectively disrupted the detrimental inflammatory cycle characteristic of diabetic wounds, thereby fostering the process of angiogenesis and granulation regeneration. This work combines the molecular design of catechol and the fabrication process of chitosan gelation to create 2,3-HCat-CS/STPP hydrogel that promotes granulation regeneration in diabetic wounds, which presents a potential therapeutic platform for chronic wounds management. Download: Download high-res image (294KB) Download: Download full-size image
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
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2026
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IF 8.7
Feifei Qu,Xueyi Zhai,Hongyao Bai,Jianwei Tang,Mengxiao Zheng,Peng Wang,Yong Liu,Baoming Wang,Pengfei Liu
Urea is widely used in agriculture because of its high nitrogen content and low cost, but its utilization efficiency is often limited by volatilization, leaching, and nitrification-denitrification losses. In this study, sodium alginate (SA) was hydrophobically modified by free-radical grafting with methyl methacrylate (MMA) to obtain SA-PMMA, which was subsequently ionically cross-linked with chitosan (CS) to construct hydrogel carriers for controlled-release urea fertilizers. The resulting materials were characterized by FTIR, XRD, TG-DTG, XPS, and SEM-EDS, confirming successful grafting and indicating interactions between urea and the SA-PMMA/CS matrix. The effects of grafting ratio on water absorption, urea loading, nitrogen release, degradation, and fertilizer performance were systematically investigated. Among the five formulations, sample Z3 exhibited the best overall release behavior, with a cumulative nitrogen release of 77.33% over 56 days, meeting the national standard for slow-release fertilizers. Release-kinetic analysis showed that nitrogen release was best described by the first-order model and was governed by Fickian diffusion. In spinach pot experiments conducted at the same nitrogen input, the hydrogel fertilizers, especially Z3, promoted root development, leaf expansion, chlorophyll a ccumulation, dry matter production, and plant nitrogen uptake compared with conventional urea. These results demonstrate that hydrophobically modified SA/CS hydrogels are promising carriers for improving urea retention, regulating nitrogen release, and enhancing agricultural nitrogen-use efficiency.
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ACS Applied Polymer Materials
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2026
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IF 5.2
Wenjuan Tan,Chengnuo Zhang,Huiling Guo,Yunpeng Yang,Qingyun Guo,Hao Huang,Shuguang Yang
Alginate/chitosan (ALG/CHI) polyelectrolyte complex films are widely used across multiple disciplines. However, they typically exhibit weak mechanical behavior in hydrated form or salty environment due to water affinity and ion sensitivity. In this work, we modulated interpolymer interactions through salt and fabricated a ALG/CHI complex film with an equimolar ratio and then systematically investigated the mechanical behaviors of the film with temperature, water content, and ionic strength changes. The initial modulus of the dry ALG/CHI film at room temperature is 600 MPa and remains largely stable across 25–120 °C. When water uptake reaches equilibrium in aqueous solution, the initial modulus decreases to 25 MPa, exhibiting ductile behavior. In a 1 M salt solution, it maintains a modulus of 14 MPa, showing excellent salt-resistance behavior. The prepared ALG/CHI film is demonstrated to have a robust mechanical performance in salt solution at 37 °C and remains stable in artificial sweat and simulated body fluid for 1 week, implying its applications in physiological environments.
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FOOD CHEMISTRY
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2026
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IF 10.4
Huiqiu Quan,Zhiye Dong,Long Mao,Kun Wu,Weijun Li,Siyong Gu
A mussel-inspired polysaccharide bilayer film is developed for active packaging. • Functionalized chitosan and layered clay exhibit effective synergistic enhancement. • The bilayer film exhibits superior antibacterial activity and UV barrier properties. • This bilayer system is well-suited as a food preservation coating. Food spoilage during post-harvest storage underscores the critical need for sustainable active packaging, yet single-layer polysaccharide films suffer from limited functionality and conventional bilayer strategies lack molecular-level integration. Herein, we proposed a mussel-inspired bilayer composite system fabricated by layer-by-layer casting, which addresses these limitations through synergistic interfacial design. This design integrated the molecular-level functionalization of chitosan (CS) layer with polyphenols to impart enhanced adhesion and biological activity, combined with nano-reinforcement of alginate (ALG) layer using a metal-phenolic network (MPN) functionalized layered clay to achieve superior barrier function. The resultant bilayer composite system demonstrated outstanding antibacterial activities against E. coli (up to 98.8%) and S. aureus (up to 98.0%), excellent UV barrier capacity in the UVB (up to 99.99%) and UVA (up to 99.91%) regions, alongside improved hydrophobicity, antioxidant activity, and acceptable opacity. In addition, the tensile strength reached as high as 14.40 MPa, representing an improvement of 221.43% compared with pure ALG film. In the strawberry preservation experiment, the bilayer composite system effectively extended the shelf life of strawberries to seven days, owing to the structural complementarity and the high bioactivity of polyphenols. These results reveal that utilizing natural polysaccharides, polyphenols, and layered clay to construct a mussel-inspired bilayer composite system is a feasible strategy, providing a sustainable and promising approach for designing multifunctional packaging materials to mitigate food waste. Download: Download high-res image (272KB) Download: Download full-size image
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ACS Applied Nano Materials
·
2026
·Vol. 9
·期 35
·16823-16837
·
IF 5.8
Wang Jiayu,Yan Herui,Li Fan,Chen Zhuoming,Xin Binjie,Wu Yu
Diabetic wounds remain difficult to treat due to bacterial
resistance,
a localized weakly acidic microenvironment, imbalanced oxidative stress,
and poor dressing conformity. To address these challenges, this study
developed an injectable pH-responsive nanocomposite hydrogel using
phenylboronic acid-modified chitosan (PBCS), tannic acid (TA), and
porphyrinic metal–organic framework PCN-224 nanoparticles,
featuring with superior tissue adhesiveness, self-healing, and pH-responsiveness.
The hydrogel was fabricated using PBCS as the matrix and TA as the
cross-linker, establishing a dual-cross-linked network sustained by
dynamic boronate ester bonds and multiple hydrogen bonds, into which
the porphyrinic metal–organic framework (MOF) PCN-224 was subsequently
loaded. This hydrogel precisely senses and exploits the endogenous
weakly acidic microenvironment of the infected wound, triggering the
dissociation of boronate ester bonds to achieve the on-demand release
of TA, as well as the smart regulation of the network’s swelling
behavior. The synchronously released polyphenol component, TA, imparts
excellent antioxidant activity to scavenge excess free radicals and
re-establish oxidative stress balance. Meanwhile, under 660 nm laser
irradiation, PCN-224 generated reactive oxygen species and a mild
photothermal effect, enabling combined photodynamic and photothermal
antibacterial activity. Collectively, the PBCS-TA/PCN-224 nanocomposite
hydrogel integrates pH-responsive behavior, antioxidant activity,
and light-triggered antibacterial functionality, supporting its potential
application in infected diabetic wounds.
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PROCESS BIOCHEMISTRY
·
2026
·
IF 4.4
Wenbin Jin,Gulina Bektursun,Xinyue Lin,Zuomo Ding,Xiaohong Yu
Efficient recovery and reuse of lipase remain major challenges in lipid biocatalysis. In this study, aldehyde-functionalized gum arabic-modified magnetic chitosan nanoparticles (GA-CHO/MCNPs) were developed as a biopolymer-based magnetic carrier for lipase immobilization. The carrier was prepared by in situ coprecipitation followed by surface modification with periodate-oxidized gum arabic. Under optimized conditions, the protein loading and protein-based immobilization yield reached 112.5 ± 4.8 mg g −1 and 84.6 ± 2.9%, respectively, while the recovered activity was 62.7 ± 3.1%. Compared with free lipase, Lipase@GA-CHO/MCNPs showed a higher optimum temperature (45 versus 35 °C), improved tolerance to pH and thermal treatment, and convenient magnetic recovery. Immobilization increased the apparent K m from 2.12 to 3.85 mM and decreased V max and k cat , indicating diffusional and steric limitations associated with the carrier. Nevertheless, the immobilized lipase achieved a soybean oil hydrolysis yield of 91.2%, retained 82.3% of its initial activity after 10 reuse cycles, and retained 84.8% activity after 30 d of storage at 4 °C. The results support successful lipase immobilization through an aldehyde-amine-mediated coupling strategy and demonstrate the potential of GA-CHO/MCNPs as a recoverable biopolymer-based carrier for soybean oil hydrolysis.
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MACROMOLECULAR BIOSCIENCE
·
2026
·Vol. 26
·期 7
·e70226
·
IF 4.2
Yuan Feng,Ding Lin,Zhenhao Li,Xiaobo Xu,Xiuqiang Li,Baijun Liu,Linfa Li,Xiang Ji,Binjun Liang,Fanglian Yao,Hong Zhang,Junjie Li
Capitalizing on microalgae extract (MAE) to scavenge reactive oxygen species, repair cell damage, and modulate macrophage related inflammatory responses, an injectable thermosensitive responsive hydrogel (HBC‐MAE) was developed to promote burn wound healing in this study. Comprising MAE and hydroxybutyl chitosan (HBC), the resulting HBC‐MAE hydrogel showed favorable thermosensitivity; both its sol–gel transition temperature and gelation time were tunable by adjusting the HBC/MAE ratio. Meanwhile, the hydrogels also possessed significant antioxidant and antibacterial activity, enabling them to effectively resist nonspecific protein adsorption and bacterial adhesion. In a burn wound model, the thermosensitive formulation ensured complete wound coverage. By mimicking the extracellular‐matrix, it provides both structural support and a biochemical niche for tissue repair. Furthermore, it suppressed local inflammation and redirected macrophage polarization from the pro‐inflammatory M1 toward the anti‐inflammatory M2 phenotype, thereby establishing an immune‐favorable microenvironment that enhanced the healing rate. Consequently, this multifunctional hydrogel offers a promising and convenient strategy for advanced burn wound care. In this work, an injectable temperature responsive hydrogel (HBC‐MAE) was developed. It can form gel at body temperature and has strong biological antifouling and antibacterial properties. During burn healing, this hydrogel actively provides anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant signals, regulates the wound microenvironment, cooperatively accelerates tissue regeneration, and minimizes scar formation to promote wound healing.
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JOURNAL OF LIPOSOME RESEARCH
·
2025
·
IF 4.3
Xiaowen Wang,Xia Jiang,Jinjing Yang,Michael Adu-Frimpong,Mingjie Gong,Qinyang Hua,Tingyuan Li,Jiaying Li,Pengfei Pan,Elmurat Toreniyazov,Xia Cao,Jiangnan Yu,Qilong Wang,Ximing Xu
Moringa A (MA), the hepatoprotective components of Moringa oleifera Lam. seeds, are metabolized and eliminated quickly in the body. In this study, cholesterol-modified chitosan (CH-CS) was used as a polymer carrier to prepare chitosan-modified MA liposomes (MA-CLs) in order to slow down the release of MA, prolong its circulation time, and improve the oral bioavailability of MA in comparison with common MA liposomes (MA-Ls). The particle size (PS) of MA-CLs was 218.25 ± 1.07 nm, with a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.143 ± 0.005 and a zeta potential (ZP) of 30.64 ± 0.29 mV. The encapsulation efficiency (EE) was 85.17 ± 1.70%, while the drug loading (DL) was 7.92 ± 0.16%. In contrast, the PS of MA-Ls was 232.06 ± 1.36 nm, with a PDI of 0.215 ± 0.009 and a ZP of −14.21 ± 0.33 mV. The EE and DL of MA-Ls were 71.34 ± 0.60% and 8.39 ± 0.07%, respectively. These results indicated that MA liposomes could effectively mitigate the burst release of MA, thereby enhancing its oral bioavailability. Furthermore, the performance of MA-CLs was superior to that of MA-Ls. ELISA kits demonstrated that, both MA and MA liposomes groups significantly reduced the levels of ach detection index in mice. Specifically, the therapeutic effect followed the order: MA-CLs > MA-Ls > MA, thus exhibiting a concentration-dependent manner. Histopathological analysis of liver sections revealed that MA and its formulations alleviated hepatocyte swelling and necrosis, thereby protecting the liver from alcohol-induced damage. This study found that MA has a protective effect on the liver, while MA-CLs hold promise as a therapeutic agent for prevention of acute alcoholic liver injury (ALI).
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Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization
·
2025
·
IF 3.3
Yang Tingting,Tao Guanhua,Xu Xinye,Yu Chunyu,Shi Jindou,Ma Qingwen
Phytosterol (PS) face challenges of poor stability and rapid release in the gastrointestinal tract. To overcome these limitations, this study developed whey protein-chitosan composite (WP-CS-PS) nanoparticles via reverse solvent precipitation, significantly enhancing PS transport efficiency and functional performance. Through systematic optimization using single-factor and orthogonal tests, the nanoparticles were fabricated under ideal parameters. The optimal conditions included a 1:1 WP/CS mass ratio, 0.8% (w/v) PS concentration, 60 °C hydration, and 15 min stirring, which yielded high encapsulation efficiency (77.43%), uniform particle size (203.41 nm, PDI 0.265), and excellent colloidal stability (zeta potential − 35.42 mV). Structural analyses (SEM, FT-IR) revealed a dense gel-network morphology with PS successfully embedded via hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions. The WP-CS matrix markedly improved PS stability against thermal, UV, and storage stresses, while in vitro digestion assays demonstrated sustained intestinal release (17.72% slower than free PS). These results not only validate WP-CS-PS as a robust carrier for lipophilic bioactives but also offer a scalable strategy to enhance the bioavailability of PS in functional foods, potentially addressing global health needs such as cholesterol management and dietary supplementation. By bridging material science and nutritional delivery, this work paves the way for sustainable nutraceutical innovations with broad industrial applicability. Graphical
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