Journal of Materials Chemistry A
·
2022
·Vol. 10
·期 13
·7207-7217
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IF 14.511
Chuanling Mu,Xue Wang,Zhiyuan Ma,Xiaohuan Liu,Wen Li
Flexible supercapacitors (SCs) are promising energy storage devices for wearable and soft technologies. However, efforts to achieve reliable performance during mechanical deformation have been unsuccessful owing the inevitable displacement and separation between electrode coatings and electrolytes or current collectors, which usually results in an increase of interfacial contact resistance. To address this challenge, we herein explored a kind of redox and conductive underwater adhesive as an electrode coating to improve interfacial adhesion and reduce the interfacial contact resistance. This kind of underwater adhesive, that merges the redox activity of heteropoly acids, the adhesion of aromatic amino acids and the conduction of silver powder into a single system, showcases collective advantages, such as exceptional adhesion to flexible substrates and electrolytes, adaptive and deformable features, conductivity, reversible redox behaviour and fast electron transfer/storage abilities. The all-in-one adhesives could be directly employed as both anode and cathode coatings for the convenient fabrication of a flexible supercapacitor. The capacitance retention of the flexible supercapacitor was found to be kept at 86% and 94% upon stretching and bending deformation, respectively. An electric watch can be easily lighted up by a serially flexible supercapacitor device, and the brightness of the electric watch remains unchanged during stretching and bending processes, indicative of outstanding reliability.
研究领域:
材料科学
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电化学
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能源存储
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可穿戴技术
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DOI
高影响因子
ACS Applied Polymer Materials
·
2024
·
IF 4.4
Xiaoxuan Fan,Mei-Chen Lin,Xiaoyang Zhang,Xuefei Zhang,Bing-Chiuan Shiu,Jia-Horng Lin,Ching-Wen Lou,Ting-Ting Li
In this paper, solar energy can be absorbed by introducing PPy (polypyrrole) as an absorber layer on hydrophilically treated polypropylene nonwoven (PPDA). T organic/inorganic P-type thermoelectric materials PEDOT (poly 3,4 ethylene dioxythiophene) and CuI (cuprous iodide) were subsequently introduced as thermoelectric layers to obtain a multistage core–shell structure of PPDA–PPy-PEDOT/CuI photothermoelectric fabric to harvest thermal and water energy and convert it into electrical energy. The introduction of PPy as an absorber layer can effectively increase the surface temperature of thermoelectric fabrics under light and, with the thermoelectric layer, can form a double energy filtering system to improve the Seebeck coefficient. Finally, the PPDA–PPy-PEDOT/CuI photothermoelectric fabric was assembled to obtain a photothermoelectric panel, which could reach about 6.6 mV when tested under infrared light, and the photothermoelectric panel was tested under a wet condition with infrared light and heat; the photothermoelectric effect in concert with hydrovoltage effect could reach about 110 and 73.94 mV when tested under outdoor sunlight. This study achieves the conversion of thermal and water energy to electrical energy by the synergistic effect of photothermoelectric effect and water voltaic effect, which provides an idea for the sustainable development of green in the wearable field.
研究领域:
材料科学
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能源工程
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纳米技术
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可持续发展
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电气工程
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纺织工程
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2024
·
IF 2.7
Haosen Ma,Zhenyu Zhang,Yu He,Yan Zhou,Xiwen Zhang,Xiangdong Liu,Yuming Yang
This study introduces a series of novel passive-cooling polyurethane materials (SiTPUs) by incorporating hydroxybutane-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (OH-PDMS)/polytetrahydrofuran (PTMG)-mixed soft segments. Wide-angle x-ray scattering (WAXS) and small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) analyses revealed that with an increase in the OH-PDMS content, the material exhibited enlarged grain sizes, reduced crystallinity, and the formation of larger-sized microphase “structures with different compatibilities. The sample with a PDMS proportion of 40% (SiTPU-40) demonstrates outstanding passive cooling performance, achieving a reflectance of 70.2% in the solar spectrum and a high atmospheric window emissivity of 91.6% without needing metal additives, resulting in a cooling effect of 10.8°C compared with that of pure thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). Static contact angle tests indicated that introducing OH-PDMS considerably enhanced the self-cleaning performance of the material, with a PDMS proportion of 50% (SiTPU-50) achieving the highest contact angle of 112°. Overall, this multi-soft segment design optimizes passive cooling performance and enhances self-cleaning capabilities, thus offering new possibilities for extensive material applications, especially in wearable technology and architectural surface coatings.
研究领域:
材料科学
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高分子科学
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热管理
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表面涂层
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DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE
·
2023
·Vol. 58
·期 11
·4840-4852
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IF 4.5
Wang Xinyu,Zhang Qinan,Zhu Hongyi,Wu Fang,Qiao Yanxiu,Jia Kaihong,Xiang Yong,Hu Xiaoran
Piezoelectric generators (PEGs) have applications in future wearable and implantable technologies, but suffer from insufficient flexibility, poor biocompatibility, facile biodegradation, and low energy output. In this work, a design concept for a piezoelectric elastomer is proposed. Uniquely, we focus on developing a complete “green” design concept, considering the selection of a bio-based monomer, polymer fabrication, and biodegradation. The piezoelectric elastomer, which was prepared by the copolymerization of lactate, 1,4-butanediol, and sebacate monomers, is capable of generating an output voltage of 303.75 mV cm −2 and an output current of 1.92 × 10 –2 mA cm −2 , which are 7.11 times and 4.01 times, respectively, higher than those of a conventional polyvinylidene fluoride–trifluoroethylene copolymer (PVDF-TrFE)-based PEG under the same measurement conditions. Such efficient piezoelectric conversion is attributed to the reduced elastic modulus of the elastomer, which resulted from the random polymerization between piezoelectric lactate monomers and linear 1,4-butanediol and sebacate monomers. As a result, the elastomer generates a greater piezoelectric charge on deformation than traditional PVDF-TrFE. Further, the relative growth rate of L929 mouse fibroblast cells grown on the modified elastomer was unaffected, demonstrating the good biocompatibility of the piezoelectric elastomer. On the basis of the overall environmentally friendly product cycle and high piezoelectric output, this PEG shows promise for applications in future wearable and implantable technologies. Graphical abstract
研究领域:
材料科学
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生物医学工程
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可持续材料
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能量收集
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2025
·
IF 13.2
Zhiwen Wang,Yuxin Wang,Lei Wang,Zhiwei Pang,Zhaojin Lu,Xin Chen,Jin Sha,Zhishan Bai
Flexible tactile sensors capable of detecting three-dimensional forces are critical for advanced applications in robotics, prosthetics, and human–machine interfaces. However, existing multilayer or isotropic composite designs often suffer from increased stiffness, poor conformability, and crosstalk between sensing channels. Here, we present a monolithic flexible sensor features a composite sensing layer comprising 6-acrylamidohexanoic acid (6-AHA) surface-modified eutectic gallium–indium (EGaIn) microdroplets, uniformly dispersed within a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix. Surface modification enhances the dispersion of microdroplets and interfacial compatibility, thereby improving both the mechanical flexibility and dielectric performance of EGaIn/PDMS. Designed with four orthogonal arranged interdigital electrodes, the capacitive structure enables independent measurement of normal and tangential forces. Finite element simulations and experimental characterization reveal that deformation and reorientation of EGaIn microdroplets under external loading induce anisotropic dielectric responses and localized electric field redistribution, enabling effective decoupling of normal and tangential forces within a compact architecture. The sensor exhibits high sensitivity to both normal and tangential forces (∼0.085 %/N), acceptable response (<310 ms), low hysteresis, and excellent repeatability under cyclic loading. Although response speed and long-term reliability remain limited by matrix viscoelasticity, this work provides a scalable route for fabricating monolithic three-dimensional tactile sensors with high sensitivity and directional resolution, providing opportunities for applications in wearable electronics, robotic manipulation, and electronic skins.
研究领域:
柔性电子学
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传感器与执行器
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材料科学
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机器人学
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可穿戴技术
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人机交互
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES B-BIOINTERFACES
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2025
·
IF 5.6
Chengyu Du,Chenchen Liao,Shuyi Li,Chaohuan Yang,Hecheng Yao,Yuchan Li,Yan Liu
Wearable sweat colorimetric sensors demonstrate significant potential for continuous, real-time, and non-invasive health monitoring. Inspired by the Nepenthes alata plant, this study developed bio-inspired microfluidic channels with unique two-dimensional duck tongue-like structures using laser processing. The biomimetic channels demonstrated 51 % enhancement in liquid collection efficiency compared to conventional designs, along with superior transport performance across different buffer solutions. By integrating microfluidic technology with colorimetric detection, we developed a smartphone-based sensing system capable of rapid biomarker detection (pH, Cl⁻, Ca²⁺) using minimal sweat volume (about 10 μL), maintaining high accuracy even under varying illumination. This work provides innovative strategies for designing highly efficient, wearable sensors for non-invasive health monitoring.
研究领域:
生物医学工程
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可穿戴技术
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微流控
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生物传感器
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即时检测
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仿生设计
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Small
·
2025
·
IF 12.1
Yinping Liu,Ting Zhang,Lulu Wang,Chao Guo,Fangang Qu,Hanlin Xu,Zhi Liu,Lin Guo,Yingchun Niu,Quan Xu,Yang Zhou
Ionic conductive hydrogels have broad application prospects in the field of stretchable and flexible electronic products. Among them, salt ion conductive hydrogel has the advantages of high conductivity, simple preparation and low cost, but salt ions are easy to diffuse into the water environment through concentration gradient, and the evaporation of water will lead to salting out. A core-shell strategy is designed, in which the hydrophobic conductive network of polyaniline (PANI) is in situ constructed as a waterproof shell outside the freezing cross-linking and salting out polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) ionic conductive hydrogel (PVA-salt-PANI). This shell effectively locks in water and ions inside, suppressing salt precipitation and ion loss. The obtained PVA-salt-PANI hydrogel has excellent electrical conductivity (5.31 S m −1 ), good viscoelasticity, temperature resistance, frost resistance (−40°C unfrozen) and self-regeneration ability. Due to the synergistic effect between the dual network polymer chains, it has excellent fracture strain (1784.01%) and tensile strength (10.17 MPa). The environmental stability and versatility of PVA-salt-PANI hydrogel enable it to be used as a human motion sensor, and its waterproof property can reliably sense even in underwater environments. This work provides a novel design strategy for multifunctional sensors that operate reliably under harsh conditions.
研究领域:
材料科学
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柔性电子学
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传感器与执行器
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高分子化学
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可穿戴技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Science Advances
·
2025
·Vol. 11
·期 37
·
IF 12.5
Xiaosa Li,Xiao Xiao,Xiao Xiao,Zixiao Liu,Junhao Gong,Zenan Lin,Bing Xue,Shibo Liu,Xinru Wu,Wei Zhang,Dongkai Wang,Runze Zhao,Zihan Wang,Xiongwei Zhong,Yiliang Lin,Patrick Chia,Ximin He,John S. Ho,Ghim Wei Ho,Wei Ouyang,Wenbo Ding,Guangmin Zhou,Cecilia Laschi,Changsheng Wu
Embodied intelligence in soft robotics offers unprecedented capabilities for operating in uncertain, confined, and fragile environments that challenge conventional technologies. However, achieving true embodied intelligence—which requires continuous environmental sensing, real-time control, and autonomous decision-making—faces challenges in energy management and system integration. We developed deformation-resilient flexible batteries with enhanced performance under magnetic fields inherently present in magnetically actuated soft robots, with capacity retention after 200 cycles improved from 31.3 to 57.3%. These compliant batteries enable large-area deployment of 44.9% across the robot body, and their vertical integration with rationally designed flexible hybrid circuits minimizes additional stiffness while maintaining deformability. This actuator-battery-sensor vertical integration methodology maximizes functional area utilization in a manta ray–inspired soft robot, establishing an untethered platform with sensing, communication, and stable power supply. The system demonstrates embodied intelligence in aquatic environments through diverse capabilities including perturbation correction, obstacle avoidance, and temperature monitoring, with proprioceptive and environmental sensing enabling real-time decision-making during magnetically actuated locomotion.
研究领域:
软体机器人
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能源系统
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柔性电子
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自主系统
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磁驱动
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可穿戴技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Advanced Materials Technologies
·
2025
·
IF 6.2
Li-Yan Liu,Guo-Hua Liu,Bing-Bing Shou,Zhao-Yang Gu,Zhao-Yan Lu
Current quick-drying clothing evaporates quickly but the human body also creates a wet and cold sensation. Aiming to improve such situation, 3D tubular fabrics (A3,A4) are designed based on the thermosiphon mechanism with elastic hydrophobic BN/ZnO/PDMS@N/S-6 and cotton yarns on the V-bed flat knitting machine. Tubular structures are formed through arranging the elastic yarn to knit float stitches, while the cotton yarns to knit tuck and normal ones. The material and structure in the fabric contribute to the directional transport route of sweat on the surface synergistically. The property of sample A4 is optimal with results showing that a 5 µL droplet of artificial sweat traveled up to 2.6 cm longitudinally, which is 26 times farther than that laterally. Besides this, sample A4 also has excellent performance in moisture capture. Sample A4 showed the highest average moisture and liquid collection weight (8,225 mg) and Water Harvesting Rate (WHR = 2,056 mg/cm 2 h), approximately 2.6 times higher than that of sample A1. Headbands and wristbands made of sample A4 distributed 1 mL of artificial sweat across four tubular channels, expanding the diffusion area sixfold and achieving a maximum transport distance of 6 cm. After 25 times machine wash cycles, the directional transport performance remained still high, with 5 µL of artificial sweat moving 2.3 cm. Additionally, sample A4 behaved antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus due to the presence of BN/ZnO/PDMS@N/S-6. The design and performance of the 3D tubular fabrics are advantageous to the development and applications of moisture capture and transport.
研究领域:
纺织工程
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功能纺织品
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智能织物
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湿气管理
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可穿戴技术
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材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Materials Chemistry C
·
2025
·
IF 5.1
Pengyu Zhu,Zhilei Wang,Yingjun Fang,Wenchao Wu,Yang yang Wu,Limin Ruan,Jinling Zhao,Wei Zeng
A flexible Te/Ag planar heterojunction (TS) photothermoelectric (PTE) film was successfully fabricated using screen-printing technology for efficient energy conversion applications. The developed TS film exhibits excellent flexibility and a remarkably high Seebeck coefficient, making it particularly suitable for PTE power generation and non-contact sensing applications. The p-type Te semiconductor component demonstrates a high value of 355 μV/K. The TS film exhibits distinct power-dependent photovoltage generation characteristics. Under 808 nm laser irradiation, the output voltage increases progressively with incident power, reaching values of 16.3, 19.3, 21.6, and 22.5 mV at corresponding power levels of 19, 22, 25 and 27 mW, respectively. Notably, at 19 mW irradiation, the photoelectric-to-total voltage ratio peaks at 93.4%, with excellent stability maintained during prolonged laser exposure tests. The effective wind velocity detection range of the sensor is 0.29–1.80 m/s. The TS film's heat-source-free non-contact sensing capability enables human behavior detection and Morse code recognition by virtue of temperature fluctuations caused by wind velocity. These unique properties in both heat-source-free non-contact sensing and PTE power generation offer promising opportunities for advancing flexible electronics and wearable technologies.
研究领域:
材料科学
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能量转换
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柔性电子学
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传感器与传感技术
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可穿戴技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
·
2025
·
IF 9.7
Kai Zhao,Yalong Liu,Yanbo Zhao,Jie Li,Changqing Ye
Stretchable interconnects are essential for reliable signal transmission in wearable electronics, demanding high conductivity, strain insensitivity and robust adhesion. While gallium-based liquid metals (LMs) offer intrinsic deformability and conductivity, their practical uses as interconnects are hindered by poor adhesion, leakage, and interfacial instability with polymers. Herein, we introduce a synergistic coordination-driven surface reconciliation strategy using α-lipoic acid (LA) and tannic acid (TA) to develop high-performance LM interconnects. Thermal ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of LA generated disulfide bonds and carboxyl groups that coordinate with LM nanoparticles (LMNPs), ensuring dispersion stability. Concurrently, the catechol/gallol groups of TA dynamically coordinated with both LMNPs and poly(LA), enabling autonomous interfacial reconciliation. This strategy makes the embedded LMNPs conformally deform within polymers upon stretching, leading to both strain-insensitivity (ΔR/R 0 < 25 % at 500 % strain) and exceptional adhesion (50 MPa on glass) without any leakage issue. Additionally, reversible coordination and disulfide interactions within this system enable efficient recycling and reprinting of LM interconnects. Demonstrations including stable signal transmission, wireless LED control, and high-fidelity EMG recording validate their broad applicability for robust stretchable hybrid electronics.
研究领域:
材料科学
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柔性电子学
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高分子化学
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可穿戴技术
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电子材料
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
·
2025
·
IF 14.2
Jiayi Fu,Tong Yu,Chengrui Jiang,Tiantian Wang,Ronghu Chen,Bingbing Xu,Weihua Guo,Ruoxin Li,Guangtao Chang
The porous structure and tunable mechanical modulus of hydrogels make them ideal platforms for multimodal sensing. However, existing multimodal sensors still face challenges such as material interface mismatch, signal crosstalk, and insufficient mechanical flexibility, which limit their long-term stable application. To address these issues, this study introduces a pioneering core-shell structured, wearable multimodal hydrogel fiber sensor. By combining wet spinning with a continuous coating process, a composite structure consisting of a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/sodium alginate (SA) hydrogel core and a conductive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) shell is fabricated. This design provides a composite system with enhanced mechanical properties, wide strain detection, temperature responsiveness, freeze resistance, and flame retardancy. Using a ternary deep eutectic solvent (CaCl 2 -DES) as a coagulation bath significantly improves the fiber’s flexibility and environmental adaptability, overcoming the trade-off between conductivity and mechanical toughness in traditional hydrogel sensors. The resulting fibers exhibit an ultra-high elongation at break (658%) and high tensile strength (10.21 MPa). The strain sensitivity coefficient (GF) remains as high as 31.84 across a wide strain range (>480%), with rapid response/recovery times (<0.6 s) and excellent cycling durability (>150 cycles). Additionally, the fiber sensor shows significant negative temperature coefficient characteristics (TCR = -1.22%/°C) and stability under extreme conditions (structure maintained after 24 h at -20°C). The conductive shell layer also provides effective flame retardancy. This integrated multi-performance strategy not only expands the application potential of hydrogel fibers in flexible wearable devices, medical health monitoring, and extreme environment sensing, but also offers a novel approach to the design of multimodal smart materials.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
柔性电子学
·
传感器与执行器
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可穿戴技术
·
智能材料
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）