DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY
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2021
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IF 3.636
Yu-Chen Pu,Rui Wang,Hui-Hui Liu,Sheng-Ping Lu,Fan-Xi Tang,You-Ming Hou
Recent works have generally indicated that insects exhibit two immune response strategies: external and internal immune defense. However, the immune-related trade-offs and physiological regulatory mechanisms in red palm weevil , a major invasive pest , remain unclear. Based on postinfection survivorship experiments, we initially measured baseline constitutive external immunity (antibacterial activity of external secretions) and internal immunity (phenoloxidase and antibacterial activity of hemolymph) in uninfected individuals. Then, we challenged the individual immune system and examined subsequent investment in immune function. Our data showed that multiple factors (instar, age, sex, mating status, immune treatment) interacted to affect immune components and infection outcomes, but the magnitude and nature of the impact varied in each case. Although immune senescence is a common phenomenon in which immune function decreases with age, different components of the immune system changed differentially. Notably, mating activity may impose an immunity-related cost, with some evidence of sexual dimorphism and age-associated differences. Finally, parameters related to life-history traits usually decreased temporarily because of increased immunity, suggesting that the ultimate consequences of immune function fitness may be physiologically traded off with other fitness aspects, including growth, development, mating, reproduction, and longevity. These results reveal the complex factors that impact immunity as well as the physiological regulation of individual immunity, which may determine the evolution and outcome of immune senescence and trade-offs.
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SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
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2020
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IF 6.551
Min Xia,Xuedong Wang,Jiaqi Xu,Qiuhui Qian,Ming Gao,Huili Wang
The organophosphate flame retardant, tris (1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCPP), is ubiquitous in environmental matrices; however, there is a paucity of information concerning its systemic toxicity. Herein, we investigated the effects of TCPP exposure on zebrafish neurodevelopment and swimming behavior to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms of neurotoxicity. Under TCPP gradient concentration exposure, the hatching rates were declined by up to 33.3% in 72 hpf, and the malformation rates increased from 15% to 50%. Meanwhile, TCPP led to abnormal behaviors including decreased locomotive activity in the dark and slow/insensitive responses to sound and light stimulation of larvae. TCPP caused excessive apoptosis and ROS accumulation in early embryonic development, with hair cell defects and structural deformity of neuromast. Abnormal expression of neurodevelopment ( pax6a , nova1 , sox11b , syn2a , foxo3a and robo2 ) and apoptosis-related genes ( baxa , bcl2a and casp8 ) revealed molecular mechanisms regarding abnormal behavioral and phenotypic symptoms. Chronic TCPP exposure led to anxiety-like behavior and excessive panic, lower capacity for discrimination and risk avoidance, and conditioned place preference in adults. Social interaction tests demonstrated that long-term TCPP stress resulted in unsociable, eccentric, lonely and silent behaviors in adults. Zebrafish memory and cognitive function were severely reduced as concluded from T-maze tests. Potential mechanisms triggering behavioral abnormality were attributed to histopathological injury of diencephalon, abnormal changes in nerve-related genes at transcription and expression levels, and inhibited activity of AChE by TCPP stress. These findings provide an important reference for risk assessment and early warning to TCPP exposure, and offer insights for prevention/mitigation of pollutant-induced nervous system diseases.
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RENEWABLE ENERGY
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2020
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IF 6.274
Runren Jiang,Guanghua Lu,Jianchao Liu,Donghai Wu,Zhenhua Yan,Yonghua Wang
Reinforcing migration of charge carrier in g-C 3 N 4 photocatalytic system is critical for photocatalytic H 2 evolution. Herein, we constructed a benzene-ring-incorporated g-C 3 N 4 by copolymerization of urea with N-phenylthiourea. A π electron donor-acceptor conjugated structure is formed in which benzene ring is the donor while triazine ring is the acceptor. It is noteworthy that ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy and density functional theory calculation were applied to gain more insight into the properties of the benzene ring with g-C 3 N 4 as the electron donor in the triazine ring. As expected, the introduction of the benzene ring into triazine ring of the g-C 3 N 4 displayed extraordinarily aggrandized hydrogen evolution, which not only crucially modified the π electronic structures and promote π-electron availability, but also played the role of a donor to improve the electron-hole separation. This study revealed that the photocatalytic H 2 evolution of the donor-acceptor system can be further improved by inserting suitable π-conjugated as one of the units.
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BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY
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2021
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IF 5.275
Ni-Ping Li,Jun-Shan Liu,Jiao-Wen Liu,Hai-Yan Tian,Hong-Ling Zhou,Yuan-Ru Zheng,Xiao-Jun Huang,Jia-Qing Cao,Wen-Cai Ye,Lei Wang
Two novel monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIAs), gelsechizines A-B ( 1 – 2 ), along with four known ones ( 3 – 6 ) were isolated from the fruits of Gelsemium elegans . Compound 1 features a new carbon skeleton with two additional carbon atoms forming a 4-methylpyridine unit. Their structures with absolute configurations were elucidated by NMR, MS, X-ray diffraction and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. Compounds 1 – 3 showed significant anti-inflammatory effects in vivo and in vitro , which may be related to the inhibition of the trecruitment of neutrophils and macrophages as well as the secretion of TNF- α and IL-6. Preliminary structure–activity relationship analysis revealed that the β - N -acrylate moiety plays an important role in the anti-inflammatory effect.
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Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
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2020
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IF 5.186
Zhang Yan,Wang Yanfei,Yao Xuebo,Wang Changquan,Chen Fangyi,Liu Dong,Shao Ming,Xu Zhigang
Hair cells in the inner ear and lateral lines are mechanosensitive receptor cells whose development and function are tightly regulated. Several transcription factors as well as splicing factors have been identified to play important roles in hair cell development, whereas the role of RNA stability in this process is poorly understood. In the present work, we report that RNA-binding motif protein 24a (Rbm24a) is indispensable for hair cell development in zebrafish. Rbm24a expression is detected in the inner ear as well as lateral line neuromasts. Albeit rbm24a deficient zebrafish do not survive beyond 9 days post fertilization (dpf) due to effects outside of the inner ear, rbm24a deficiency does not affect the early development of inner ear except for delayed otolith formation and semicircular canal fusion. However, hair cell development is severely affected and hair bundle is disorganized in rbm24a mutants. As a result, the auditory and vestibular function of rbm24a mutants are compromised. RNAseq analyses identified several Rbm24a-target mRNAs that are directly bound by Rbm24a and are dysregulated in rbm24a mutants. Among the identified Rbm24a-target genes, lrrc23, dfna5b, and smpx are particularly interesting as their dysregulation might contribute to the inner ear phenotypes in rbm24a mutants. In conclusion, our data suggest that Rbm24a affects hair cell development in zebrafish through regulating mRNA stability.
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Frontiers in Pharmacology
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2020
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IF 4.225
Lv Jinpeng,Jiang Songzhou,Yang Ying,Zhang Ximei,Gao Rongyin,Cao Yan,Song Guoqiang
FGIN-1-27 is a synthetic mitochondrial diazepam binding inhibitor receptor (MDR) agonist that has demonstrated pro-apoptotic, anti-anxiety, and steroidogenic activity in various studies. Here we report, for the first time, the anti-melanogenic efficacy of FGIN-1-27 in vitro and in vivo. FGIN-1-27 significantly inhibited basal and α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-, 1-Oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol (OAG)- and Endothelin-1 (ET-1)-induced melanogenesis without cellular toxicity. Mushroom tyrosinase activity assay showed that FGIN-1-27 did not directly inhibit tyrosinase activity, which suggested that FGIN-1-27 was not a direct inhibitor of tyrosinase. Although it was not capable of modulating the catalytic activity of mushroom tyrosinase in vitro, FGIN-1-27 downregulated the expression levels of key proteins that function in melanogenesis. FGIN-1-27 played these functions mainly by suppressing the PKA/CREB, PKC-β, and MAPK pathways. Once inactivated, it decreased the expression of MITF, tyrosinase, TRP-1, TRP-2, and inhibited the tyrosinase activity, finally inhibiting melanogenesis. During in vivo experiments, FGIN-1-27 inhibited the body pigmentation of zebrafish and reduced UVB-induced hyperpigmentation in guinea pig skin, but not a reduction of numbers of melanocytes. Our findings indicated that FGIN-1-27 exhibited no cytotoxicity and inhibited melanogenesis in both in vitro and in vivo models. It may prove quite useful as a safer skin-whitening agent.
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ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
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2020
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IF 6.793
Danting Wang,Yuhuan Zhang,Jieyi Li,Randy A. Dahlgren,Xuedong Wang,Haishan Huang,Huili Wang
Triclosan (TCS) and its two derivatives (2,4-dichlorophenol and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol) are priority pollutants that coexist in aquatic environments. Joint exposure of TCS, 2,4-dichlorophenol and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, hereafter referred to as TCS-DT, contributes severe toxicity to aquatic organisms. There is currently a paucity of data regarding TCS-DT molecular toxicity, especially on cardiac diseases. We used zebrafish ( Danio rerio ) as a model organism, and evaluated the molecular-level cardiotoxicity induced by TCS-DT from embryonic to adult stages. TCS-DT exposure prominently led to phenotypic malformations, such as pericardial cysts, cardiac bleeding, increased SV-BA distance, decreased heart rate and reduced ejection fraction, as well as abnormal swimming behavior. Analyses of the GO and KEGG pathways revealed enrichment pathways related to cardiac development and screened for significantly down-regulated adrenaline signaling in cardiomyocytes. The cardiac marker genes ( amhc , cmlc2 , vmhc , and nkx2.5 ) were obtained through protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks, and expressed as down-regulation by WISH. After chronic exposure to TCS-DT from 30 to 90-dpf, both body mass and heart indexes prominently increased, showing myocardial hypertrophy, abnormal heart rate and histopathological injury. Heart tissue damage included disordered and ruptured myocardial fibers, broken and dissolved myofilaments, nuclear pyknosis, mitochondrial injury and inflammatory cell infiltration . Further, abnormal changes in a series of cardiac functions-related biomarkers, including superoxide dismutase, triglyceride, lactate dehydrogenase and creatinine kinase MB, provided evidence for cardiac pathological responses. These results highlight the molecular mechanisms involving TCS-DT induced cardiac toxicity, and provide theoretical data to guide prevention and treatment of pollutant-induced cardiac diseases.
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PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY
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2019
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IF 2.87
Jiang Zhu,Kai Tian,Christopher A. Reilly,Xinghui Qiu
Helicoverpa armigera and H. assulta are two of the few insects that can feed on hot pepper fruits. Capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin ( i.e. , capsaicinoids) are the principal pungent compounds in hot peppers. To explore possible molecular mechanisms of adaptation that allow these two species to consume capsaicinoids, the capacity of the three detoxification tissues (fat body, midgut, and Malpighian tubule) of the two pests, to metabolically degrade capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin, was compared. The results showed that capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin were metabolized by crude enzyme preparations from all three tissues of the two pests. Five metabolites of capsaicin, and five metabolites of dihydrocapsaicin were identified. Tissue and species differences in the degree of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin metabolism were observed. The specialist H. assulta had an overall greater capacity to degrade the capsaicinoids compared to the generalist H. armigera. Further, the midgut was the most significant contributor to capsaicinoid metabolism. The notably high specific activity in Malpighian tubules of H. armigera also further highlights the significance of this organ in xenobiotic detoxification. Alkyl hydroxylation and dehydrogenation were the main pathways for the oxidative biotransformation of both capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin by cytochrome P450s. This study provides evidence that enhanced metabolic decomposition of capsaicinoids may be an adaptation explaining dietary preferences for Capsicum fruits by these two pests.
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CHEMOSPHERE
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2019
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IF 5.108
Caihong Wang,Wenhao Huang,Jiebo Lin,Fang Fang,Xuedong Wang,Huili Wang
Triclosan (TCS) is widely used in personal care products, and its chronic exposure leads to severely toxic effects in zebrafish ( Danio rerio ). PKCα, Nrf2 and p53 are three important signaling pathways concerned with cell development. Herein, we speculated on and verified a novel TCS regulatory pathway: (1) TCS acted on GPER (G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor) to activate MAPK/ERK pathway, further resulting in the expression changes of protein kinase C (PKC) family; (2) PKC participated in Nrf2 phosphorylation; (3) The expression of miR-125b was regulated by Nrf2; and (4) The expression changes of related genes in the PKCs-Nrf2-ARE pathway showed the specificity of zebrafish tissue and organ. TCS exposure led to down-regulation of the Nrf2 and phosphorylated Nrf2(Ser40) protein in diencephalon nucleus, stratum marginale and stratum centrale areas in adult zebrafish brain. The phosphorylated Nrf2(Ser40) was mainly expressed in PGz area, while it was not the case for Nrf2. Both Nrf2 and phosphorylated Nrf2 were activated by TCS exposure; however, the changing trend of PKCs was opposite to that of Nrf2 in the liver. Both DAPI staining and Merge images demonstrated that TCS induced oxidative phosphorylation, and phosphorylated Nrf2 is translocated into the nucleus as the transcription factor to regulate gene transcription in liver and brain. Nrf2 over-expression increased accumulation of lipid droplets in yolk, brain and liver, resulting from the upregulation of pri-miR-125b1, pri-miR-125b3, but not pri-miR-125b2. These findings reveal the upstream regulation mechanism of miR-125b for TCS-induced fat-metabolism disorder from the regulatory perspective of the pri-miR-125b promoter region.
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JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY
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2019
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IF 3.414
Hongling Zhou,Huihui Cao,Yuanru Zheng,Zibin Lu,Yuyao Chen,Dongyi Liu,Huayi Yang,Jingyu Quan,Chuying Huo,Junshan Liu,Linzhong Yu
Ethnopharmacological relevance Liang-Ge-San (LGS) is a traditional Chinese medicine formula that commonly used in acute inflammatory diseases . However, the anti-inflammatory effects and the underlying mechanisms of LGS are not fully studied. Aim of the study This study aims to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity and explore the underlying mechanisms of LGS in zebrafish and cell inflammation models. Materials and methods LPS-induced zebrafish inflammation model was established by LPS-yolk microinjection. The protective effect of LGS on zebrafish injected with LPS was observed using survival analysis. Infiltration of inflammatory cells was determined by H&E staining assay. Expression levels of key inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 were measured by q-PCR assay. Recruitment of neutrophils and macrophages were observed by fluorescence microscopy , SB staining and NR staining. In vitro anti-inflammatory effects of LGS were evaluated on LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. The generation of IL-6 and TNF-α was detected by ELISA . The protein expression levels of JNK, p-JNK (Thr183/Tyr185), Nur77 and p-Nur77 (Ser351) were determined by Western blotting . Finally, two additional inflammatory models in zebrafish, which were induced by CuSO 4 or tail fin injury, were also established and the recruitment of neutrophils and macrophages were observed for the determination of the anti-inflammatory activity of LGS. Results LGS protected zebrafish against LPS-induced death and dose-dependently inhibited LPS-induced acute inflammatory response in zebrafish, as indicated by increased survival rate, reduced infiltration of inflammatory cells, decreased recruitment of macrophages and neutrophils, and downregulated expression levels of TNF-α and IL-6. Additionally, LGS inhibited the secretion of TNF-α and IL-6, increased the expression of Nur77, and reduced the expression of p-Nur77 (Ser351) and p-JNK (Thr183/Tyr185) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. The anti-inflammatory action of LGS was also observed in another two zebrafish inflammation models, which was supported by the inhibition on neutrophils and macrophages recruitment. Conclusion The present study demonstrates that LGS possesses anti-inflammatory activity in zebrafish inflammation models and LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, which is related to the inhibition on p-JNK and p-Nur77. This finding provides a pharmacological basis for LGS in the control of inflammatory disorder.
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Molecular Catalysis
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2019
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IF 2.938
Chaokun Yang,Yanglin Chen,Ping Xu,Li Yang,Jiaxu Zhang,Jianmin Sun
Multifunctional monocomponent zinc halide-based ionic liquids, amidinothiourea-ZnI 2 (ATUI) and N-phenylthiourea-ZnI 2 (NTUI), were facilely developed as homogeneous catalysts for efficient conversion of CO 2 with epoxides to cyclic carbonates. On account of synergistic effects of multifunctional components in ATUI, the propylene carbonate yield could reach 95% under 110 °C, 1.0 MPa, 4.0 h or even mild conditions. There was a slight decrease of propylene carbonate yield because of the loss of ATUI during the reuse process. Additionally, the universality of ATUI was also studied to other terminal epoxides. Meanwhile, a plausible reaction mechanism was proposed where the synergistic effects involving cation structure and halogen anion of ATUI guarantee the cycloaddition reaction to proceed effectively under solvent and co-catalyst free condition. Finally, reaction kinetics were undertaken to compare the catalytic efficiency of ATUI and NTUI so as to compare the catalytic activity of different numbers of hydrogen bond donor in amidinothiourea and N-phenylthiourea.
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AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY
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2018
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IF 3.884
Jinfeng Liu,Chenyan Xiang,Wenhao Huang,Jingyi Mei,Limei Sun,Yuhang Ling,Caihong Wang,Xuedong Wang,Randy A. Dahlgren,Huili Wang
Triclosan (TCS) is a prevalent anthropogenic contaminant in aquatic environments and its chronic exposure can lead to a series of neurotoxic effects in zebrafish. Both qRT-PCR and W-ISH identified that TCS exposure resulted in significant up-regulation of miR-137, but downregulation of its regulatory genes ( bcl11aa , MAPK6 and Runx1 ). These target genes are mainly associated with neurodevelopment and the MAPK signaling pathway, and showed especially high expression in the brain. After overexpression or knockdown treatments by manual intervention of miR-137, a series of abnormalities were induced, such as ventricular abnormality, bent spine, yolk cyst, closure of swim sac and venous sinus hemorrhage. The most sensitive larval toxicological endpoint from intervened miR-137 expression was impairment of the central nervous system (CNS), ventricular abnormalities and notochord curvature. Microinjection of microRNA mimics or inhibitors of miR-137 both caused zebrafish malformations. The posterior lateral line neuromasts became obscured and decreased in number in intervened miR-137 groups and TCS-exposure groups. Up-regulation of miR-137 led to more severe neurotoxic effects than its down-regulation. Behavioral observations demonstrated that both TCS exposure and miR-137 over-expression led to inhibited hearing or vision sensitivity. HE staining indicated that hearing and vision abnormalities induced by long-term TCS exposure originated from CNS injury, such as reduced glial cells and loose and hollow fiber structures. The findings of this study enhance our mechanistic understanding of neurotoxicity in aquatic animals in response to TCS exposure. These observations provide theoretical guidance for development of early intervention treatments for nervous system diseases.
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