ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
·
2022
·
IF 10.383
Deying Kong,Yu Zhang,Dali Cheng,Enze Wang,Kaiyuan Zhang,Huachun Wang,Kai Liu,Lan Yin,Xing Sheng
Lead halide perovskite materials have been emerging as promising candidates for high-performance optoelectronic devices. Significant efforts have sought to realize monocrystalline perovskite films on a large scale. Here, we epitaxially grow monocrystalline methylammonium lead tribromide (MAPbBr3) films on lattice-matched gallium arsenide (GaAs) substrates on a centimeter scale. In particular, a solution-processed lead(II) sulfide (PbS) layer provides a lattice-matched and chemical protective interface for the solid–gas reaction to form MAPbBr3 films on GaAs. Structure characterizations identify the crystal orientations in the trilayer MAPbBr3/PbS/GaAs epistructure and confirm the monocrystalline nature of MAPbBr3 on PbS/GaAs. The dynamic evolution of surface morphologies during the growth indicates a two-step epitaxial process. These fundamental understandings and practical growth techniques offer a viable guideline to approach high-quality perovskite films for previously inaccessible applications.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
光电材料
·
晶体生长
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
SOLAR ENERGY
·
2021
·
IF 5.742
Honggang Xie,Jiannan Xu,Can Gao,Jiejing Zhang,Chunxiao Gao,Xizhe Liu
CsPbI 3 triggers strong interest in the photovoltaic community for their promising photoelectric property and nonvolatility. However, CsPbI 3 layers with a-phase crystal structure are difficult for preparation, and these layers easily degrade to non-photoactive δ-phase at room temperature. Tuning the composition of precursor solutions is an important method for improving the properties of CsPbI 3 layers. Herein, we prepare inorganic a-CsPbI 3 perovskite solar cells using lead acetate as the lead source, which is different from conventional precursors with lead iodide as the lead source. The lead acetate precursor needs neither incorporating hydrogen iodide nor preparing PbI 2 complex, and it is shown to enlarge the grain size, improve the crystallinity and reduce the trap density of CsPbI 3 layers. By cooperating the lead acetate precursor with EDAI 2 additive, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of devices increases from 9.2% to 12.9% and the photo-stability of these devices is improved simultaneously.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
光伏技术
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
JOM
·
2020
·Vol. 72
·期 9
·3195-3203
·
IF 2.054
Xie Boyi,Yang Tianzu,Liu Weifeng,Zhang Duchao,Chen Lin
The treatment of spent lead paste is essential for the recycling of spent lead-acid batteries. In this study, we propose a facile route for the recovery of lead from spent lead paste by pre-desulfurization followed by low-temperature reduction smelting. The effects of two desulfurization methods, i.e., high-pressure and normal-pressure processes, on the desulfurization efficiency of spent lead paste were compared. The high-pressure process was found to be more effective than the normal-pressure process; 99.1% of sulfur was removed under the high pressure conditions with NaOH excess of 1.1 at 150°C for 30 min. Moreover, a part of PbO 2 reacted with PbO to form Pb 3 O 4 . Afterwards, the desulfurized residue, mainly consisting of Pb 3 O 4 and PbO 2 , was directly used in low-temperature reduction smelting, and the optimum smelting conditions were determined to be: starch/Pb-residue mass ratio = 1/6.3; Na 2 O/Pb-residue mass ratio = 1/15; B 2 O 3 /Pb-residue mass ratio = 1/7.5; smelting temperature 700°C; and smelting duration 90 min. The lead recovery under the optimum conditions was as high as 93%. Scanning electron microscope images of the smelting slag showed that the smelting slag mainly consisted of PbO x and Na 2 O.
研究领域:
环境科学
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冶金工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
VACUUM
·
2021
·
IF 3.627
Zhaowang Dong,Xueyi Guo,Bin Yang,Heng Xiong,Wenlong Jiang
Lead sulfide (PbS) is the main component of galena. The traditional method used to prepare metal lead from galena is disadvantaged by high energy consumption and severe pollution. In this paper, an eco-friendly yet simple process is proposed to prepare high-purity metal lead directly from lead sulfide. According to thermodynamic calculation, lead sulfide can be decomposed into metal lead under vacuum. The pathway to decomposition is based on the reaction of 2PbS (s) = 2 Pb (l) + S 2 (g). Besides, an investigation was conducted into the impact of temperature and holding time on the quality of decomposition products and the purity of lead in residue. The investigative results show that the decomposition rate of lead sulfide reached its maximum at 1050 °C for 60 min, which is about 50%, and the purity of the lead in the residue reached 99.51%. When the temperature reached above 1100 °C and the holding time exceeded 40 min, the purity of lead reached as high as 99.81%, but the quality of the residue stayed low. This method contributes a fresh idea to the eco-friendly utilization and efficient purification of galena for preparing high-purity metal lead.
研究领域:
冶金学
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2022
·
IF 16.744
Aijia Zhang,Jing Liu,Yingju Yang,Yingni Yu,Dawei Wu
Lead removal from flue gas continues to be an important environmental issue. Adding sorbents in the furnace is a reliable method to control lead emission. Modified kaolin sorbent developed by a combined method of thermal pre-activation and phosphate impregnation was first applied to capture lead from flue gas. Modified kaolin exhibited higher PbCl 2 removal performance than raw kaolin at 800–1100 ℃. The best adsorption performance of raw and modified kaolin was obtained at 1000 ℃ with adsorption efficiencies of 76.72 % and 85.87 %, respectively. The adsorption capacity of modified kaolin was about 283.51 mg/g at 1000 ℃. Lead aluminosilicate and lead phosphate were produced in the adsorption reaction. O 2 was conducive to the conversion of PbCl 2 to PbO, and directly participated in the formation of lead aluminosilicate· H 2 O was in favor of the adsorption reaction, and reduced the energy barrier for dechlorination of PbCl 2 , and promoted the eutectic melting process. SO 2 and NO inhibited PbCl 2 removal due to the competitive adsorption between SO 2 /NO and PbCl 2 at the active sites. High concentration of HCl can obviously suppress the reaction of PbCl 2 and modified kaolin. Quantum chemistry calculations were conducted to identify the active sites, and to uncover the molecular-level interaction of PbCl 2 and modified kaolin. Theoretical results manifested that PbCl 2 adsorption was chemisorbed on kaolin (0 0 1) surface. The adsorption energies of PbCl 2 on raw kaolin and modified kaolin were − 124.60 and − 205.90 kJ/mol, respectively. Al, O and P atoms of modified kaolin were identified as the active sites for PbCl 2 adsorption.
研究领域:
环境科学
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材料科学
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量子化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
·
2016
·Vol. 163
·期 10
·A2240
·
IF 3.014
Cheng Ma,Yuehong Shu,Hongyu Chen
An environmental friendly recycling process is investigated to recover lead as leady oxide from spent lead-acid battery paste. In this study, sodium oxalate as a desulfurizer and oxalate acid as a reducing agent have been used to leach three major components (PbSO4, PbO2 and PbO) respectively to obtain the optimal reaction conditions for real industrial spent lead paste leaching. In this sodium oxalate and oxalate acid leaching system, no extra reducing agent was needed any more to reduce PbO2. The results show that sodium oxalate exhibits much higher desulfurization efficiency for PbSO4, and PbO2 can be reduced easily in oxalate acid solution under the optimum conditions with an ratio of 1.25:1, an ratio of 2:1 at 60°C for 70 min. Lead oxalate precursor is calcined in air or N2, porous α-PbO is the only product in air and the calcination products are PbO and metallic Pb in N2 confirmed by morphology and structure characterizations, which is appropriate for lead-acid battery manufacturing. The recycling products were reused directly in lead-acid battery assembling as positive active materials and the assembled batteries show a good cyclic stability in 50 discharge/charge cycles.
研究领域:
化学工程
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材料科学
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环境科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
IONICS
·
2024
·
IF 2.4
Liang Qiuqun,Lan Xiaoqi,Liu Zheng,Ma Junjie,Han Guo-Cheng,Wang Hao
Sweet sorghum stalks can be utilized for the preparation of carbon materials, which can then be applied as negative electrode materials in lead–carbon batteries. In this study, sweet sorghum stalks were pretreated with 5 wt.% H 3 PO 4 and subsequently carbonized at 550 °C for 105 min. Subsequently, the electrochemical properties of lead-coated sorghum stalk–based carbon materials, prepared under varying reduction durations, were investigated through EIS and CV tests. On this basis, the negative electrode materials, which consisted of the lead-coated sorghum stalk–based carbon material (under the reduction time of 45 min) and physically ground comparison materials, were assembled into simulated lead–carbon batteries. The charge–discharge performance of these batteries was evaluated using a charge–discharge tester. The initial discharge capacities of the two materials were 73.0 mAh/g and 57.24 mAh/g, respectively. After 150 cycles, the capacity retention ratios were 71.8% and 57.5%, respectively. These results indicate that the simulated lead–carbon battery with the newly prepared carbon material exhibits superior electrochemical performance.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
能源科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
·
2018
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IF 3.974
Qingyou Liu,Heping Li,Guoheng Jin,Kai Zheng,Luying Wang
Galena weathering often occurs in nature and releases metal ions during the process. Humic acid (HA), a critical particle of natural organic matter, binds metal ions, thus affecting metal transfer and transformation. In this work, an electrochemical method combined with spectroscopic techniques was adopted to investigate the interfacial processes involved in galena weathering under acidic and alkaline conditions, as well as in the presence of HA. The results show that the initial step of galena weathering involved the transformation Pb 2+ and S°, regardless of whether the solution was acidic or alkaline. Under acidic conditions, S° and Pb 2+ further transform into anglesite, and HA adsorbs on the galena surface, inhibiting the transformation of sulfur. HA and Pb (II) ions form bridging complexes. Under alkaline conditions without HA, the sulfur produced undergoes no transformation, whereas Pb 2+ will transform into PbO. The presence of HA changes the galena weathering mechanism via ionization effect, and Pb 2+ is ultimately converted into anglesite. Higher acidity in acidic conditions or higher alkalinity in alkaline conditions causes galena corrosion when the electrolyte does not contain HA. Conversely, higher pH always accelerates galena corrosion when the electrolyte contains HA, whether the electrolyte is acidic or alkaline. At the same acidity/alkalinity, increasing the concentration of HA inhibits galena weathering. Galena will release 134.7 g m −2 ·y −1 Pb 2+ to solution at pH 2.5, and the amount decreases to 28.09 g m −2 ·y −1 in the presence of 1000 mg/L HA. This study provides an in situ electrochemical method for the assessment of galena weathering.
研究领域:
地球化学
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环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
·
2023
·
IF 13.6
Shiwei Liu,Xing Cao,Weichen Yang,Runjie Liu,Lin Fang,Rui Ma,Juan Peng,Shuaifei Zheng,Fei Ji
Higher chlorine (Cl) content than lead (Pb) content in municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWIFA) impeded the practical application of Pb 5 (PO 4 ) 3 Cl-derived magnesium potassium phosphate cement (MKPC) preparation strategy. Herein, Pb/Ca-rich lead slag (LS) was co-blended with MSWIFA to prepare MKPC for the synergistic treatment of both two solid wastes and the Pb-Cl solidification. The results showed that the resulting 15–15 (15 wt% MSWIFA and 15 wt% LS incorporation) sample achieved 25.44 MPa compressive strength , and Pb and Cl leaching toxicity was reduced by 99.18 % and 92.80 %, respectively. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses showed that Pb 2+ , Ca 2+ , phosphate and Cl - formed Pb x Ca 5−x (PO 4 ) 3 Cl in samples. The formation of Pb x Ca 5−x (PO 4 ) 3 Cl was also demonstrated by the high-angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscope (HAADF-STEM), while differences in the lattice characteristics of Pb x Ca 5−x (PO 4 ) 3 Cl and Pb 5 (PO 4 ) 3 Cl were found. In-situ XRD indicated that Ca 2+ accelerated the transformation of Pb 2+ to Pb 5 (PO 4 ) 3 Cl. After co-precipitating with Ca 2+ to form Pb x Ca 5−x (PO 4 ) 3 Cl, Pb 2+ continuously substituted Ca 2+ to eventually transform to Pb 5 (PO 4 ) 3 Cl. This work informs the synergistic treatment of MSWIFA and LS and offers new insights into the reaction mechanism between Pb 2+ , phosphate and Cl - under Ca 2+ induction.
研究领域:
环境科学
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材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
CHEMOSPHERE
·
2021
·
IF 7.086
Da Wang,Shiwen Dong,Lingsha Wen,Weiting Yu,Zhiqiao He,Qingqing Guo,Xiaohui Lu,Lizhang Wang,Shuang Song,Jun Ma
A metal oxide electrode has been developed for the electrochemical CO 2 reduction reaction (eCO 2 RR). It exhibits superior activity and product selectivity towards eCO 2 RR by circumventing the previously encountered problem of self-reduction with high-valence metals. Specifically, a hydrocerussite [Pb 3 (CO 3 ) 2 (OH) 2 ] thin film has been synthesized in situ on a Pb substrate (denoted as ER-HC) by an electroreduction method using a lead-based metal–organic framework (Pb-MOF) as a precursor. The ER-HC electrode exhibits a high selectivity of 96.8% towards HCOOH production with a partial current density of 1.9 mA cm −2 at −0.88 V vs. the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE). A higher HCOOH partial current density of 7.3 mA cm −2 has been achieved at −0.98 V vs. RHE. Physicochemical and electrochemical characterization results demonstrate that the defective hydrocerussite surface exhibits appropriate adsorption free energy of formate (HCOO − ) and a lower reaction free energy for HCOOH production from CO 2 , which greatly boosts the eCO 2 RR activity and HCOOH production selectivity. The structure and eCO 2 RR performance of the hydrocerussite thin film remain stable in 0.1 M KHCO 3 as electrolyte, ensuring its durability. Overall, this work not only provides a metal oxide electrode (metal hydroxide, to be more precise) with excellent eCO 2 RR performance, but also expands the in situ electrochemical derivatization strategy for the fabrication of metal oxide electrodes.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
·
2022
·
IF 9.136
Jinpeng Cai,Xiaodong Jia,Yinyu Ma,Ayman M. Ibrahim,Chao Su,Xingcai Yu,Peilun Shen,Dianwen Liu
In this work, adsorption and flotation tests were performed to investigate the suitability of sodium polyacrylate (PAAS) as a galena depressant in a Cu-Pb separation system and the effect of pre-oxidation on it. Adsorption studies show that PAAS effectively adsorbed on galena in the pH range 8–9, during the interaction between (R-COO - ) n and Pb(OH) + . However, the adsorption of PAAS on chalcopyrite was approximately 6.8-fold less than on galena. Insoluble lead oxides formed on the galena surface after pre-treated with hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), which promoted the adsorption of Pb(OH) + on galena, thereby providing additional adsorption sites and enhancing the adsorption of PAAS on galena. For Cu-Pb bulk concentrate containing 3.03 % Cu and 62.32 % Pb, the use of PAAS combined with H 2 O 2 as a galena depressant for flotation separation yielded a Cu concentrate with 28.02 % Cu and a recovery of 82.56 %, containing 5.54 % Pb. The separation efficiency reached 65.44 %, comparable to that of potassium dichromate (K₂Cr₂O₇, 68.84 %). Compared with traditional chromium-containing depressants, this work avoids the pollution of metal chromium to humans and the environment, and provides a better reference for similar research.
研究领域:
矿物加工工程
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
·
2021
·Vol. 168
·期 7
·070545
·
IF 4.316
Zheng Liu,Jing Shi,Dongdong Ji,Xue Zhang,Bo Sun
The formation of lead dendrites easily causes short circuiting during charging in lead methanesulfonate flow batteries. In this work, tin(II) methanesulfonate is used as an additive to improve the surface morphology of the lead layer. It has been found that the lead layer is smooth and compact in an electrolyte of 1.5 M Pb(CH3SO3)2 + 1.0 M CH3SO3H with 8 m mol l−1 of additive. During charging, lead and tin can be co-deposited to increase the density of the nucleus number and decrease the diffusion rate of Pb2+. The type of nucleation of lead is changed from three-dimensional instantaneous nucleation to three-dimensional progressive nucleation in the process controlled by the diffusion of Pb2+. This is beneficial for the formation of small-sized lead particles, leveling the morphology of the lead layer, and inhibiting the formation of lead dendrite. The energy efficiency of the flow cell is around 80%, and 380 cycles are achieved in the electrolyte of 1.5 M Pb(CH3SO3)2 + 1.0 M CH3SO3H with 8 mmol l−1 of tin(II) methanesulfonate.
研究领域:
电化学
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）