Atmosphere
·
2021
·Vol. 12
·期 5
·558
·
IF 2.686
Jiejie Bian,Huaqiao Gui,Xiuli Wei,Tongzhu Yu,Zhibo Xie,Jie Wang,Jianguo Liu
The supersaturated condensation of atmospheric aerosol is important in the study of mechanisms of cloud condensation and even heavy air pollution. The existing technology cannot realize accurate dynamic control of wide range supersaturation, so it is difficult to study condensation growth characteristics of nanoparticles through different levels of supersaturation. Here, a supersaturated condensation growth measurement system with three-stage microscope pipes was developed. The resolution of supersaturated condensation system is 0.14, within the range of 0.92 to 2.33 after calibration. Stabilization time is only about 80 s for saturation range 0.92–1.01, which helps to control saturation rapidly, and the control deviation of saturation is no more than 0.06. Measurement of different supersaturated condensation growth control conditions showed that, the particle size increased significantly compared with hygroscopic growth at high humidity. For single-component particles, the increase in size increased to a similar size at the same saturation, with a difference within 7.4%. The increase in size for ammonium sulfate (AS) increased by 13.4–30.2% relative to that of glucose. For the mixed-component, the increase in size decreased about 15.9–25.0% with the increase of the glucose. Because the glucose coating on the surface of AS have hindered particle growth. This also shows that atmospheric ultrafine particles, especially inorganic salt particles, will rapidly grow into larger particles under supersaturated conditions such as increased environmental humidity, thus having some impact on environmental pollution and climate change.Keywords:condensation growth control system;calibration saturation;wide dynamic range;growth performance
研究领域:
大气科学
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
·
2018
·Vol. 97
·期 3
·709-716
·
IF 1.265
Wei Wang,Dapeng Hu,Yanqiu Pan,Hengle Li,Guohua Chen
Initially unsaturated material frozen with prefabricated porosity was prepared to experimentally investigate its effect on freeze-drying of liquid material. Ceftriaxone sodium, a kind of commonly used antibiotic, was selected as the primary solute in an aqueous solution. The liquid nitrogen ice cream-making method was employed to prepare frozen materials with different initial porosities. Results showed that freeze-drying was significantly enhanced with the initially unsaturated frozen material and substantial drying time was saved compared with conventional freeze-drying. Drying time for the unsaturated sample (0.3 of saturation or 0.67 of initial porosity) was more than 20 % shorter than that required for the saturated one (1.0 of saturation without initial porosity). SEM images displayed that the dried products of the unsaturated frozen material had a pierced solid skeleton and uniform pore space with a fine and tenuous structure compared with those of the saturated one. The freezing rate exhibited little influence on the freeze-drying process. Annealing can be moderately beneficial to shortening the drying time and further improving the energy utilization. An appropriate increase in operating temperature was able to enhance the freeze-drying rate while changes in chamber pressure had a negligible effect on the process.
研究领域:
制药工程
·
生物医学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS
·
2016
·
IF 2.196
Jia-nan Zheng,Ming-jun Yang,Yu Liu,Da-yong Wang,Yong-chen Song
Cyclopentane (CP) is considered to be a potential co-guest molecule in carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) hydrate-based desalination. The experimental thermodynamic data of CO 2 -CP hydrates were measured for a salt solution, where CP was chosen as a hydrate promoter. Seven experimental cases (62 cycles) were studied with different molar ratios of CP/water (0, 0.0025, 0.005, 0.0075, 0.01, 0.02, and 0.03). Hydrate phase equilibrium data were generated using an isochoric method, and the hydrate saturations were calculated based on gas uptake. The results indicated that the increase in CP concentration significantly decreased the CO 2 hydrate equilibrium pressure to a certain limit; the hydrate saturation also decreased during this process. Also, it was determined that CP encouraged the formation of s-II double CO 2 -CP hydrates, which are different from s-I simple CO 2 hydrate. The CO 2 -CP guest provides a strengthened stability and moderate hydrate phase equilibrium conditions for hydrate-based desalination. The recommended optimal molar ratio of CP is 0.01 when the increase in equilibrium was more than 10 K, and the decrease in hydrate saturation was less than 2%.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
·
2023
·
IF 9.8
Wenjing Zhang,Shuxin Li,Kaichao Zhao,Juanfen Chai,Bo Wan,Yunqi Qin,Huan Huan,Simiao Sun,Yuesuo Yang,Muhammad Yousuf Jat Baloch
Because of its long survival time, high migration ability and high pathogenicity, the migration of the virus in the subsurface environment deserves in-depth exploration and research. In this study we investigated the migration behavior of E. coli phage (VI) with organic colloids (HA) or inorganic colloids (SiO 2 ) in the saturated or unsaturated bands and compared the differences in their migration mechanisms.The effects of different colloids on the surface characteristics of VI were analyzed according to particle size and zeta potential . Column experiments were conducted to simulate their migration in the subsurface environment. The results show that HA enhances the stability of VI-HA, promotes VI migration and plays a dominant role in its migration process under both saturated and unsaturated conditions. In contrast, SiO 2 puts VI-SiO 2 in an unstable state and is easily separated in the unsaturated state, thus promoting VI migration. Based on migration experiments, the extent of influence factors on VI migration was quantified and compared. The effect of colloids on VI migration is greater than that of moisture content, where the effect of HA is greater than that of SiO 2 . This study provides an experimental research idea to determine the dominant factors affecting virus migration, and provides a general direction and theoretical basis for the biological risk assessment of pathogenic microorganisms in complex underground environments , in order to enable the decision makers to make a response in time, accurately, and efficiently.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
微生物学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
·
2016
·
IF 3.652
Yunpu Wang,Leilei Dai,Shaoqi Shan,Qin Zeng,Liangliang Fan,Yuhuan Liu,Roger Ruan,Yunfeng Zhao,Yue Zhou
This work is aimed to study the effect of unsaturation degree on microwave-assisted pyrolysis (MAP) of fatty acid salts. Sodium stearate, sodium oleate, and sodium linoleate were selected as model compounds. MAP of sodium oleate obtained the highest yield of liquid product. GC–MS analysis of liquid product revealed that MAP of unsaturated fatty acid salt could produce alkadienes, cycloalkanes, cycloalkenes, alkynes and aromatics, which could not appear in liquid product obtained from MAP of saturated fatty acid salt, and unsaturation degree had a great influence on liquid product composition. Analysis of the gas product indicated that MAP of sodium oleate produced more CO 2 and CO, while the MAP of sodium linoleate produced more gaseous hydrocarbons and H 2 . Analysis of the solid char showed that MAP of unsaturated fatty acid salts favors the cyclization and aromatization of pyrolysis vapours. The properties of liquid product were measured and analyzed, which confirmed that MAP of fatty acid salts is a feasible technology to produce high-quality renewable hydrocarbon fuels.
研究领域:
能源化学
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
·
2019
·
IF 4.046
Bo Liang,Kai Shi,Yanfang Niu,Zhengchun Liu,Jianlong Zheng
Styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS)-modified asphalt plays an integral role in asphalt pavements. To facilitate the understanding of the correlations between the physical and chemical properties of asphalt cement and SBS , a method for the direct quantitative determination of the SBS modification mechanism via potentiometric titration is proposed. This method will theoretically guide the processing design of SBS-modified asphalts. Potentiometric titration is applied to investigate the unsaturation of SBS-mixed, SBS-modified, and SBS/sulfur-modified asphalts with different SBS dosages ranging from 0% to 10%. The unsaturation of SBS-mixed asphalt exhibits a good linear increase with an increase in SBS dosage. A noticeable loss of SBS unsaturation occurs in SBS- and SBS/sulfur-modified asphalts after undergoing complete modification. In addition, unsaturation presents an evident inflection point at approximately 5 wt% SBS with an increase in SBS dosage. This finding indicates SBS changing from a dispersed phase to a continuous phase in the modified asphalts. Remarkably, the addition of sulfur can accelerate the emergence of an inflection point. Results corroborate that various types of virgin asphalt exhibit different inflection points. SBS/sulfur-modified asphalt demonstrates stronger chemical cross-linking than SBS-modified asphalt. These findings are further confirmed via fluorescence imaging, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Potentiometric titration potentially provides a direct quantitative method for probing the modification mechanism of and designing customized processing for SBS-modified asphalts.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Materials
·
2025
·Vol. 18
·期 8
·1801
·
IF 3.2
Qian Wang,Lin Zhang,Rui Li,Hui Yang,Chuanhui Wang,Zhao Xiong,Chunwu Liu
The excellent temperature stability and high saturation polarization of Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3(BNT) make it a promising candidate for energy storage capacitors. However, its disadvantages, such as low breakdown strength, high remnant polarization, and a complex sintering process, limit its further development. To address this, (1 −x) Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3−x Sr(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3ceramics were fabricated, where ion doping was employed to modify the domain structure, reduce the grain size, and improve the energy storage performance. With the increase in dopant concentration, the evolution from long-range-ordered ferroelectric micro-domains into short-range-ordered randomly oriented polar nanoregions (PNRs) was revealed, as demonstrated by XRD and Raman spectroscopy. This resulted in a diffuse phase transition peak and a significant reduction in remnant polarization. However, the saturation polarization also decreased. Finally, the optimal energy storage performance was achieved at a medium dopant concentration (x= 0.10), accompanied by reduced grain size and a dense microstructure. This composition exhibited a discharged energy density of 1.64 J/cm3at a low electric field of 150 kV/cm, representing a notable improvement over pure BNT, which showed a highly lossy P-E loop and a discharged energy density of only 0.14 J/cm3at the same electric field.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
能源存储技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2023
·
IF 15.1
Hongyan Wang,Xinyue Sun,Yurou Zhou,Bofeng Zhang,Jingpei Cao,Guozhu Liu
To further explore the decomposition behaviors of C5 cyclic hydrocarbons, important components in the transportation fuels and pivotal intermediates in high-density liquid fuels, the pyrolysis of cyclopentane, cyclopentene and cyclopentadiene with different unsaturation degrees were investigated. The experiments of cyclopentane and cyclopentene were performed at 1.0, 30.0 atm and 773–1173 K in a flow tube reactor. The mole fraction profiles of pyrolysis species, involving C1-C5 small hydrocarbons and monocyclic, bicyclic as well as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (MAHs, BAHs and PAHs), were provided. A universal kinetic model for three C5 cyclic fuels pyrolysis chemistry was proposed and reasonably predicted the speciation profiles newly reported in this work and literature, where rate coefficients of the crucial reactions were compared and upgraded. The differences among three fuels specific pathways were evaluated and the effects of unsaturation on the pyrolysis characteristics of intrinsic reactivity and aromatics formation were revealed. Cyclopentene has the highest pyrolysis reactivity, followed by cyclopentane and cyclopentadiene. Simultaneously formed fuel radicals and key intermediates in three C5 cyclic fuels influence the formation channels of small products, MAHs and BAHs. The saturated cyclopentane is easily occur the ring-opening reaction to generate more C2 and C3 species, whereas the increase in unsaturation promotes MAHs and BAHs formation in cyclopentene and cyclopentadiene pyrolysis, especially the toluene, styrene, indene and naphthalene. The rate of production analysis shows the formations of these MAHs and BAHs are strongly dependent on the concentration levels of cyclopentadienyl resonance stabilized radical (RSR). Differently, the dominated growth pathways of three- and four-ring PAHs are barely influenced by the specific fuel chemistry and indenyl plays a crucial role via the typical RSR chain reactions at high pressures.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
燃料化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
ENERGY
·
2023
·
IF 9
Ningtao Zhang,Shuxia Li,Litao Chen,Yang Guo,Lu Liu
The characteristics of gas-liquid two-phase flow in hydrate-bearing sediments (HBS) are critical for natural gas hydrate production . This study experimentally investigates the flow patterns in the presence of hydrates and employs the phase field method for accurate simulations. Additionally, flow pressure differences in a capillary model were analyzed, and the impacts of occurrence patterns, saturation, and wettability of hydrates were investigated by numerical simulation. The results show that flow patterns are predominantly influenced by flow velocity. At high flow rates (Reynolds number >10), different gas-liquid ratios result in a variety of flow patterns, including annular, Taylor, and bubble flow. However, at lower flow rates (Reynolds number <10), the flow pattern consistently manifests as Taylor flow, regardless of gas-liquid ratio variations. Notably, the Jamin effect (a significant pressure differential caused by hydrates within the flow) was observed, which intensifies with increasing hydrate saturation and decreasing contact angle. Pore-filling hydrate patterns, in contrast to grain-coating, exhibit a greater number of gas-liquid interfaces, leading to larger pressure differences and a more evident Jamin effect. These findings aid in understanding the fluid migration in HBS and help estimate the natural gas production capacity.
研究领域:
石油工程
·
地质学
·
流体力学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Energies
·
2022
·Vol. 15
·期 19
·6986
·
IF 3.252
Qiang Li,Tanghu Zhang,Tianyu Zhang,Zhichao Xue,Hong Sun
In this paper, the saturation of electrolytes on the mass transfer property of porous electrodes in non-aqueous lithium air batteries has been studied based on digital twin. Herein, we reconstruct the porous cathode based on X-ray micro-computed tomography (μct) and quantitatively analyze the pore size distribution, specific surface area, triple-phase interface area, conductivity and diffusion coefficient of reactants at varying filling degrees of the electrolyte. The results derived from digital twin provide insight into the gas–liquid two-phase mass transfer performance in the porous cathode with various degrees of electrolyte saturation and demonstrate that the optimum electrolyte saturation is 60%.Keywords:lithium air battery;saturation;X-ray micro-computed tomography;digital twin
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CRYSTENGCOMM
·
2024
·Vol. 26
·期 9
·1303-1311
·
IF 2.6
Shuyue Miao,Fangbao Jiao,Ying Wang,Qi Zhang,Suming Jing,Hongzhen Li,Xin Zhou
Compared with jagged and rod-like raw products, the spherulitic 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO) crystalline powder is generally superior in the formulation. However, the growth mechanism and corresponding influential factors for NTO spherulites remain to be deeply explored. Herein, the morphological evolutions of NTO crystals in alcohol solvents under a range of maximum supersaturation (Smax) are systematically investigated. It was found that differences in solvent-crystal interface interactions determine the primary morphology of the growing crystals while the magnitude of Smax determines the subsequent polycrystalline evolution. The cooling rate, initial concentration and stirring rate all could affect the crystal morphology by changing the Smax. It is demonstrated that there exists a critical Smax range (1.75–1.88) above which the formation of spherulites is kinetically favorable. Face indexing tests suggest that the (0 0 1) plane of NTO is mostly prone to twinning at low supersaturation, which is because that the molecular layers on the (0 0 1) surface are prone to twisting and the energy difference before and after is only 8.77 kJ mol−1. Then, the interfacial growth theory is employed to explain how a growing crystal plane develops from smooth to rough with non-crystallographic sub-individuals as the crystallization driving force increases. The change of morphology has a positive consequence in improving the safety performance of NTO crystalline powder under drop-weight impact. These findings would forward the understanding of the spherulitic crystallization process for energetic crystals.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
TRIBOLOGY LETTERS
·
2018
·Vol. 66
·期 4
·1-11
·
IF 2.182
Ji Min,Liu Shuhai,Xiao Huaping
In this study, impacts of four types of monoglycerides and four types of triglycerides, which serve as additives, on properties of water-based drilling mud were explored using a ball-on-disk tribometer. It was found that the addition of glycerides increased the viscosity of drilling mud slightly. The results of tribological experiments indicate that carbon chain length, level of unsaturation, and polar groups of additives are three key factors which determine friction reduction and anti-wear behaviors of the drilling mud. The formation of a denser and thicker protective film on steel surface due to presence of glycerides additives is attributed to observed better friction reduction behaviors.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）