FOOD CHEMISTRY
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2024
·
IF 8.5
Miao Liang,Runhu Xin,Wei Guan,Yuping Liu
The effects of vacuum oven drying at 60 °C on the aroma profile, key odorants, fatty acids, and chiral compounds of fresh Amomum tsaoko (AT) were evaluated over varying drying times. Quantitative descriptive analysis, solvent-assisted flavor evaporation, and gas chromatography-olfactometry-mass spectrometry identified and quantitated 36 odor-active compounds. Aldehydes, particularly geranial (1606–1809 mg/kg), were consistently prominent across all drying durations. Twenty-four key odorants with odor activity values greater than one were identified and screened. Relationships among seven samples, 24 key odorants, and six attributes were elucidated through orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis. Notably, 13 odorants exhibited changes during the drying process, as indicated by variable importance for projection scores. Additionally, fatty acid analyses revealed that palmitic and oleic acids were predominant in AT. This study provides valuable insights into the impact of moisture loss on the key chemical components of AT, supporting the development of diverse consumer-oriented products.
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ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
·
2024
·
IF 8.3
Zhiheng You,Mingming Zhao,Huizi Lu,Huayun Chen,Yixian Wang
Wearable sensors utilize changes in color as a response to physiological stimuli, making them easily recognizable by the naked eye. These colorimetric wearable sensors offer benefits such as easy readability, rapid responsiveness, cost-effectiveness, and straightforward manufacturing techniques. However, their applications in detecting volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in situ have been limited due to the low concentration of complex VOCs and complicated external interferences. Aiming to address these challenges, we introduced readable and wearable colorimetric sensing arrays with a microchannel structure and highly gas-sensitive materials for in situ detection of complex VOCs. The highly gas-sensitive materials were designed by loading gas-sensitive dyes into the porous metal–organic frameworks and further depositing the composites on the electrospun nanofiber membrane. The colorimetric sensor arrays were fabricated using various gas-sensitive composites, including eight dye/MOF composites that respond to various VOCs and two Pd2+/dye/MOF composites that respond to ethylene. This enables the specific recognition of multiple characteristic VOCs. A microfluidic channel made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was integrated with different colorimetric elements to create a wearable sensor array. It was attached to the surface of fruits to collect and monitor VOCs using the DenseNet classification method. As a proof of concept, we demonstrated the feasibility of the wearable sensing system in monitoring the ripening process of fruits by continuously measuring the VOC emissions from the skin of the fruit.
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Foods
·
2024
·Vol. 13
·期 5
·793
·
IF 4.7
Mingming Zhao,Zhiheng You,Huayun Chen,Xiao Wang,Yibin Ying,Yixian Wang
Artificial scent screening systems, inspired by the mammalian olfactory system, hold promise for fruit ripeness detection, but their commercialization is limited by low sensitivity or pattern recognition inaccuracy. This study presents a portable fruit ripeness prediction system based on colorimetric sensing combinatorics and deep convolutional neural networks (DCNN) to accurately identify fruit ripeness. Using the gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method, the study discerned the distinctive gases emitted by mango, peach, and banana across various ripening stages. The colorimetric sensing combinatorics utilized 25 dyes sensitive to fruit volatile gases, generating a distinct scent fingerprint through cross-reactivity to diverse concentrations and varieties of gases. The unique scent fingerprints can be identified using DCNN. After capturing colorimetric sensor image data, the densely connected convolutional network (DenseNet) was employed, achieving an impressive accuracy rate of 97.39% on the validation set and 82.20% on the test set in assessing fruit ripeness. This fruit ripeness prediction system, coupled with a DCNN, successfully addresses the issues of complex pattern recognition and low identification accuracy. Overall, this innovative tool exhibits high accuracy, non-destructiveness, practical applicability, convenience, and low cost, making it worth considering and developing for fruit ripeness detection.
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FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
·
2025
·
IF 8
Yujiao Cheng,Min Zhang,Leng Han,Guijie Li,Min Hong,Hua Wang,Houjiu Wu,Linhua Huang
The presence of insoluble pulp particles influences flavor release and aroma characteristics in citrus juice. This study aimed to investigate the distribution of volatiles in both the liquid and insoluble pulp particle phases of freshly squeezed and heated mandarin juice. Two methods fiber-solid phase microextraction (SPME) and thin film (TF)-SPME, were employed to extract volatiles, which were then analyzed via gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and a thermal desorption unit-cold injection system 4-multidimensional GC–MS/olfactometry (TDU-CIS4-MDGC-MS/O) with time-intensity. A total of 95 volatiles, including 31 odorants, were identified. Notably, methional was the only volatile sulfur compound detected in different sizes of insoluble pulp particles. More volatile varieties were found in the liquid phase (48–65) than in the insoluble pulp particles (37–45), and larger insoluble pulp particles retained more volatiles. The volatile content of heated insoluble pulp particles was 1.43–20.63 times greater than that of the corresponding fresh pulp particles, mainly due to hydrocarbon retention. Pasteurization enhanced aroma compound retention in insoluble pulp particles, especially hydrocarbons ( α -terpinene and terpinolene) and ketones (geranylacetone). With increasing centrifugation intensity, the aroma intensity of off-flavor dimethyl sulfide and methional increased in freshly squeezed mandarin serum, that of carbon disulfide increased, that of dimethyl sulfide decreased in heated mandarin serum, and that of methional decreased in insoluble pulp particles. In conclusion, insoluble pulp particles significantly impact the flavor of mandarin juice. Six and four potential markers were identified to distinguish flavor differences between freshly squeezed and heat-sterilized liquid phase or insoluble particle samples, respectively.
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ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
·
2024
·
IF 8.3
Mingming Zhao,Huizi Lu,Zhiheng You,Huayun Chen,Xiao Wang,Yaqing Zhang,Yixian Wang
Developing a colorimetry-based artificial scent screening system (i.e., an olfactory visual sensing system) with high sensitivity and accurate pattern recognition for detecting fruit ripeness remains challenging. In this work, we construct a flexible dye/CelluMOFs-based sensor array with improved sensitivity for on-site detection of characteristic gases of fruits and integrate a densely connected convolutional network (DenseNet) into the sensor array, enabling it to recognize unique scent fingerprints and categorize the ripeness of fruits. In the system, CelluMOFs are synthesized through in situ growth of γ-cyclodextrin metal–organic frameworks (γ-CD-MOFs) on flexible fiber filter paper to fabricate a uniform, flexible and porous dye/CelluMOFs sensitive membrane. Compared to the pristine filter paper, the CelluMOFs exhibit increased porosity with a 62 times higher specific surface area and a 3-fold increase in dye loading capacity after 12 h of adsorption. The prepared dye/CelluMOFs sensing film shows outstanding mechanical and detection stability with negligible deviation after 100 cycles of rubbing. The colorimetric visualization arrays with multiple colorimetric dye/CelluMOFs chips, enable the sensitive recognition and detection of nine kinds of characteristic fruit odors and achieve a high response at 8–1500 ppm of trans-2-hexenal, showcasing remarkably low gas detection thresholds. On the basis of the ppm-level limit of detection with high sensitivity, the fabricated colorimetric sensor arrays are typically used for in situ assessment of fruit ripeness by integrating DenseNet. This approach achieves a satisfactory classification accuracy of 99.09% on the validation set, enabling high-precision prediction of fruit ripeness levels.
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PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY
·
2025
·
IF 4
Siye Zhou,Jiayun Li,Dongping Chen,Zhixuan Xu,Kudousi Kuerban,Qiang Liu,Muhammad Irfan Waris,Wenwu Wu,Nannan Lv,Jianting Fan
Hyphantria cunea , a globally significant quarantine pest, causes severe ecological and economic impacts in invaded regions. Attractants are environment-friendly and valuable pest management tools for H. cunea control. In this study, we identified that the combination of β-ocimene with sex pheromone components was strongly attractive to H. cunea males. This attractant combination activates the Ras signaling pathway and stimulates Ca 2+ in male adults following exposure. Feeding and oviposition behavior results demonstrated that H. cunea prefers Morus alba over Platanus × acerifolia , Metasequoia glyptostroboides , and Taxodium distichum . In the fresh branches of M. alba with leaves, the relative abundance of β-ocimene (36.33 ± 0.41 %) was significantly higher than the other hosts. Electroantennography recordings, behavioral choice assays, and field trapping trials showed that the combination of β-ocimene with sex pheromone components significantly enhanced male response and attraction. The number of trapped males using β-ocimene/ sex pheromone blend was 3.7-fold higher than that of sex pheromone or β-ocimene alone in the field, indicating a synergistic effect of adding β-ocimene to sex pheromone. The molecular mechanism of β-ocimene/sex pheromone synergism was further analyzed. After exposure to the attractant, the Ras signaling pathway in the heads of males are activated ( HcILP and HcPLCε1 are upregulated, while HcRasGAP and HcPLD are downregulated), which further stimulates the expression of IP3 and Ca 2+ . The activation of Ca 2+ may be the key reason for its higher attraction to males. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the selection and mechanistic understanding of attractants for H. cunea , offering insights for attractant-based pest control strategies.
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ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
·
2025
·
IF 3.7
Xulian Song,Xiaoxiao Lin,Yu Xia,Ziji Ma,Liqin Jin,Weijun Zhang,Zhandong Wang,Christa Fittschen,Xiaofeng Tang
This study combines experimental and theoretical approaches to investigate the gas-phase ozonolysis of Δ 3 -carene, with a focus on product identification and mechanistic elucidation. Atmospheric ozonolysis was simulated using both a Teflon chamber and a jet-stirred reactor. Product characterization was achieved through vacuum ultraviolet photoionization mass spectrometry employing soft ionization techniques, combined with Hefei synchrotron radiation to acquire mass-selected photoionization efficiency spectra of Δ 3 -carene and its ozonolysis products. Structural assignments were then facilitated by theoretical calculations conducted at the M06-2X/6–311++G(d,p) level of theory. Our analysis revealed many characteristic ozonolysis products, such as formaldehyde (CH 2 O, m/z = 30), acetone (C 3 H 6 O, m/z = 58), nor-3-caronaldehyde (C 9 H 14 O 2 , m/z = 154), nor-3-caralic acid (C 8 H 12 O 3 , m/z = 156), 3-caronaldehyde (C 10 H 16 O 2 , m/z = 168), 3-caralic acid (C 9 H 14 O 3 , m/z = 170), and 3-caronic acid (C 10 H 16 O 3 , m/z = 184). Moreover, the ozonolysis products, C 8 H 12 O 2 ( m/z = 140), C 8 H 14 O 2 ( m/z = 142), C 10 H 16 O ( m/z = 152), and C 10 H 14 O 3 ( m/z = 182) were identified in the experiments for the first time. Based on literature results and comprehensive analysis of the experimental data, we elucidated detailed reaction pathway mechanisms for these newly discovered products.
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Insects
·
2025
·Vol. 16
·期 11
·1075
·
IF 2.9
Bin Liu,Jinrui Zhu,Xiaoman Ning
Simple SummaryThe Chinese white pine beetle (Dendroctonus armandi) is a highly destructive forest pest that inflicts significant damage to coniferous ecosystems in the middle Qinling Mountains of China. Insect ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are critically involved in mediating xenobiotic metabolism. However, the roles ofABCgenes in host terpenoid detoxification remain uncharacterized inD. armandi. In the present study, verapamil (an ABC transporter inhibitor) significantly increased beetle mortality induced by four monoterpenes. Then we characterized threeABCHsubfamily genes. All three genes were upregulated during developmental transitions and predominantly expressed in Malpighian tubules, fat body, and midgut. Notably,DaABCH1was significantly induced by α-pinene and limonene and silencingDaABCH1significantly increased mortality, which indicatedDaABCH1represents a critical candidate gene implicated in plant chemical defense mechanisms.Bark beetles depend on detoxifying enzymes to counteract the defensive terpenoids produced by host trees. Insect ABC transporters play a critical role in the detoxification of insecticides and plant secondary metabolites. However, the specific functions ofABCgenes in the metabolism of host allelochemicals remain unclear inD. armandi. In this study, we observed that verapamil significantly enhanced the mortality of host allelochemicals in beetles, indicating that ABC transporter genes are involved in the metabolism of monoterpenes byD. armandi. We then sequenced and characterized the full-length cDNAs of threeABCHsubfamily genes (DaABCH1–DaABCH3) fromD. armandi. Spatiotemporal expression profiling revealed that all three genes were upregulated during developmental transitions (egg to larva and pupa to adult) and tissue-specific enrichment in detoxification-related organs (Malpighian tubules, fat body, and midgut). Additionally,DaABCH3expression was detected in the hindgut and brain. Furthermore,DaABCH1andDaABCH2were significantly induced by treatment with α-pinene and limonene, whereasDaABCH3was induced by β-pinene and limonene. Importantly, silencingDaABCH1significantly increased mortality in adults fumigated with α-pinene and limonene. These results strongly suggest thatDaABCH1acts as a key regulator modulatingD. armandi’s sensitivity to host plant allelochemicals. This finding provides a conceptual basis for developing novel control strategies against this economically significant forest pest.
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ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
·
2025
·
IF 3.7
Ya Zhao,Chong Wang,Yingqi Zhao,Yufeng Shao,Hua Xie,Jiayue Yang,Weiqing Zhang,Guorong Wu,Gang Li,Ling Jiang,Xueming Yang
Elucidating the effects of anthropogenic pollutants on the formation mechanism of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) is crucial for the improvement of atmospheric models toward the development of effective control strategies. It is extremely challenging to precisely clarify the impacts of concentrations of anthropogenic pollutants on the molecular compositions and particle number/mass concentrations of SOA under complicated conditions. Here, we report a series of the studies on the effects of anthropogenic pollutants (NO 2 and SO 2 ) on the photooxidation of a representative monoterpene , Δ 3 -carene, by using the scanning mobility particle sizer spectrometer, recently-developed vacuum ultraviolet free electron laser (VUV-FEL) photoionization aerosol mass spectrometry , and quantum chemical calculations . The results indicated that with the increase of NO 2 concentration, the SOA yields increased under low-NO 2 conditions but decreased under high-NO 2 conditions. The OH radical was found to be the primary oxidant under low-NO 2 conditions, whereas O 3 became the dominant oxidant under high-NO 2 conditions. SO 2 substantially enhanced the formation of highly oxidized molecules via the acid-catalyzed pathway. A series of new compounds (i.e., organic peroxides , organic nitrates, and organosulfates) were observed and their formation mechanisms were proposed. The present findings highlight the critical role of anthropogenic pollutants in the photooxidation of monoterpene under low and high pollution environments and also open new avenues toward systematic studies of a broader class of volatile organic compounds .
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FITOTERAPIA
·
2025
·
IF 2.6
Li Zhang,Hui Wu,Xiaoyuan Li,Xiu Zhang,Hua Li,Huaqiao Tang,Daxuan Tang,Shijing Du,Ya’’ou Liu,Yangfan Tang,Xiaoming Bao,Guoqiang Cheng
Qianghuo (the rhizomes and radixes of Notopterygium incisum Ting ex H.T. chang) is a traditional Chinese medicine, and widely used as an anti-inflammatory, anodyne, antifebrile agent. Qianghuo volatile oil also exhibits the same properties, and the effects are probably related to the inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX), but its bioactive components are not clear yet. To figure out the bioactive components of Qianghuo volatile oil target to cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), a ligand fishing method using immobilized COX-2 magnetic beads (COX-2-MB S ) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) were developed to identify the compounds that act on COX-2. Nine ligands, including 3-carene, β-caryophyllene, eucalyptol, α-terpinene, Limonene, δ-terpinene, α-pinene, β-pinene and γ-terpinene, were specifically captured by COX-2-MB S . Among them, 3-carene, β-caryophyllene, and eucalyptol in Qianghuo volatile oil were isolated and confirmed by in vitro inhibition and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity assays as selective inhibitor against COX-2. The IC 50 values were 13.5, 10.1, and 7.6 μM, respectively. Compared with the model, 3-carene, β-caryophyllene, and eucalyptol considerably reduced ear swelling and paw edema. Moreover, 3-carene and eucalyptol significantly decreased the changes of COX-2 expression in RAW264.7 cells activated by LPS. Our study validated that the developed ligand-fishing method using COX-2-MBs coupled with GC–MS can be applied to recognize COX-2 inhibitors in Qianghuo volatile oil. In vitro/vivo assay showed 3-carene and eucalyptol in Qianghuo volatile oil had strong inhibition against COX-2. This study may provide novel methods for discovering active components for volatile oil–based drug development or aromatherapy.
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