Preparation of ADN-based energetic microspheres with controllable shell layers by Pickering emulsion technology to enhance anti-moisture absorption and safety
Ammonium dinitramide (ADN), an ideal oxidizer for solid propellants, possesses the advantages of high energy, and gas cleanliness. However, addressing its high moisture absorption and low safety is crucial for ADN to realize its chemical potential. In this study, novel energy-containing particles ADN@GO with core-shell structure and ADN@GO@NC with double-shell structure were prepared using 2D carbon nanomaterials as surfactants by Pickering emulsification method. The stability of the emulsions and the properties of these composites, including morphology, structure, thermal properties, moisture absorption, mechanical sensibility, and energy release were systematically investigated. The results show that the ADN-based composites had low moisture absorption and high safety. ADN@GO@NC, with a double-shell structure, exhibited a regular spherical morphology, with GO and NC adhering to the surface of the ADN crystals. Importantly, the Pickering emulsification process preserved the crystal structure of ADN. The incorporation of GO and NC increased the thermal decomposition temperature of ADN@GO@NC by 3.5℃ and reduced its moisture absorption rate by 91.54 % compared to raw ADN. The critical friction sensibility and critical impact sensibility increased by a factor of 1.35 and 1.57, respectively, compared to raw ADN. Combustion tests incorporating ADN@GO@NC into composite solid propellants (CSPs) showed stable and sustained combustion process with high energy release. CSPs with ADN@GO@NC successfully ignited and maintained stable combustion after 24 h at 60 % relative humidity, indicating improved energy release performance. These findings highlight that the double-coated ADN@GO@NC has excellent anti-moisture absorption effect, mechanical insensitivity, and combustion stability, thereby facilitating the application of ADN oxidizer in CSPs.
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）