Analytical Methods
·
2026
·
IF 3
Yufeng Guo,Chunpeng Feng,Lai Mengchuan,Liu Meichen,Yalin Xi,Lei Yin,Meiyun Shi
Azoxystrobin is a widely used strobilurin fungicide. Its environmental persistence and potential toxicity to aquatic organisms demand accurate trace‑level quantification in biological tissues. However, sensitive and specific determination in small tissue samples using conventional methods remains challenging. In this study, a novel high‑sensitivity analytical method based on ultra‑performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple‑stage mass spectrometry (UPLC‑MS³) was established for the trace determination of azoxystrobin in zebrafish liver tissues. Following protein precipitation extraction, chromatographic separation was performed on a C₁₈ column using a gradient of 0.1% aqueous formic acid and acetonitrile. Detection relied on an optimized MS³ transition (m/z 404.0 → 371.9 → 344.2). The method exhibited excellent linearity (r > 0.9984) from 0.1 to 20 ng/mL, with accuracy between -3.33% and 3.67% and precision (CV) within 5.57-10.19%. Consistent recoveries (94.93-106.64%) and minimal matrix effects (99.45-104.79%) were achieved across all tissue matrices. Compared to conventional MRM, MS³ scanning significantly enhanced specificity by reducing endogenous interference. The validated approach was successfully applied to tissue distribution studies in zebrafish, confirming its reliability for environmental toxicology research and providing a robust platform for investigating fungicide biodistribution in aquatic organisms.
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY
·
2025
·
IF 4
Hongde An,Zetong Yi,Hao Chen,Wei Jin,Bo Xie,Lianshan Li,Duqiang Luo
In this study, using a facile one-pot approach, we constructed a series of multifunctional and tunable pesticide formulation based on NKMOF-101-M (M = Mg, Mn, Zn, Co, or Ni) for azoxystrobin (AZOX), aiming to efficiently control gray mold disease. The physicochemical properties of AZOX@NKMOF-101-M, including particle size, zeta potential, release profile, and drug adhesion, were systematically characterized. The pesticide loading capacity and encapsulation efficiency reached up to 0.14 mg/mg and 90 %, respectively. Release studies demonstrated a pH-responsive behavior, attributed to the presence of weakly acidic groups in NKMOF-101-M. In vitro antifungal activity assays revealed that the efficacy of AZOX@NKMOF-101-M (M = Mg, Mn, Zn, Ni) was comparable to that of free AZOX. Notably, AZOX@NKMOF-101-Co exhibited significantly enhanced antifungal activity, which might be attributed to the synergistic interaction between AZOX and cobalt ions. In pot trials, AZOX@NKMOF-101-Co demonstrated approximately 80 % efficacy in controlling Botrytis cinerea infection. Fluorescence tracking of NKMOF-101-Co and biosafety experiments showed that NKMOF-101-Co could be absorbed by plant leaves and transported to various parts of tomato seedlings and that AZOX@NKMOF-101-Co was relatively safe for silkworms, zebrafish, and 293 T cells. Furthermore, these formulations could promoted seed germination and tomato growth, thereby functioning as effective fertilizers to enhance crop yield. This work highlights the potential of NKMOF-101-M as a multifunctional platform for the development of novel controlled-release pesticide formulations, offering a promising approach for sustainable agricultural practices.
研究领域:
农业科学
·
植物保护
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
MOLECULES
·
2022
·Vol. 27
·期 22
·7959
·
IF 4.927
Guan Lin,Juntao Gao,Shenghua Shang,Huanbo Zhang,Qiangke Luo,Yutong Wu,Yong Liu,Xingjiang Chen,Yan Sun
The occurrence of crop fungal diseases is closely related to warm environmental conditions. In order to control the release of fungicides in response to warm conditions, and enhance the efficacy, a series of thermo-responsive fungicide-loaded nanoparticles were developed. The fungicide azoxystrobin, solvent DEP, emulsifier Tween 80 and thermo-responsive component TDA were combined to create thermal-response oil phases, conditions for emulsification were then optimized. LDLS, zeta potential, FTIR, DSC, TGA, XRD, SEM and antifungal efficacy assays were carried out to investigate the characteristics and forming mechanism. The results indicated that the formula with 5 g azoxystrobin, 10 mL DEP, 6 mL Tween 80 and 2.5 g TDA constructed the proposed oil phase with the ability to transform from solid at 20 °C to softerned at 31.5 °C. Both DEP and TDA played key roles in interfering with the crystallization of azoxystrobin. The optimal T3t-c12 nanoparticles had a mean particle size of 162.1 nm, thermo-responsive morphological transformation between 20 °C and 30 °C, AZO crystal reforming after drying, the ability to attach to fungal spores and satisfied antifungal efficacy againstP. nicotianaPNgz07 andA. nigerA1513 at 30 °C. This report provides referable technical support for the construction of smart-release nanoparticles of other agrochemicals.
研究领域:
农业科学
·
植物保护
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL
·
2019
·
IF 7.943
Qi Zhang,Dong Zhu,Jing Ding,Fei Zheng,Shuyidan Zhou,Tao Lu,Yong-Guan Zhu,Haifeng Qian
The use of pesticides to ensure global food security is the most important pest control strategy in modern agriculture but causes extensive soil pollution. This pollution involves potential risks to human health and ecosystems. In addition to soil animal growth, the adverse impact of pesticides on the gut microbiomes of nontarget soil fauna remains largely unknown. Here, the effect of the fungicide azoxystrobin (AZ) on soil and the gut microbiota of soil animals ( Enchytraeus crypticus ) was studied. The tested concentrations of AZ altered the bacterial community in the soil and E. crypticus gut and were slightly toxic with respect to E. crypticus adult mortality and reproduction. The most abundant bacterial phylum, Proteobacteria, significantly increased in response to the 2 and 5 mg/kg AZ treatments, which implied a disordered unhealthy gut bacterial community. Furthermore, bacterial community analysis between the soil and gut showed that the main effect of AZ on the gut microbiota was directly through AZ, not soil microbiota. In addition, AZ exposure significantly enhanced the number and total abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the E. crypticus gut; these genes may enter the soil food web to affect higher trophic levels and cause a more serious ecological risk. Our study reported the effect of pesticides on the gut of soil animals and on the enrichment of ARGs as global emerging contaminants, revealing unknown potential impacts of fungicides on ecosystem services and sustainable food production.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
微生物学
·
生态毒理学
·
土壤学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Catalysis Science & Technology
·
2022
·Vol. 12
·期 10
·3137-3147
·
IF 6.177
Zhong-Ting Hu,Zi-Yan Jin,Si-Yan Gong,Xiuzhen Wei,Jia Zhao,Mian Hu,Jun Zhao,Zhong Chen,Zhiyan Pan,Xiaonian Li
Spinel ferrites with magnetic properties have great potential for the decontamination of aqueous systems due to their ease of recycling by magnetic separation. Herein, the purpose is to enhance ZnFe2O4 spinel properties in terms of magnetization and catalytic performance via Mn substitution into the crystal structure. Zn1−xMnxFe2O4 (x = 0–1) nanoclusters were successfully synthesized via an optimal hydrothermal process, in which additives (i.e., citric acid and ammonia) play key roles in inhibiting impurity phase formation via homogenizing the distribution of metal ions and slowing down the reaction rate. At a Zn/Mn ratio of 1 : 3, the nanocluster Zn0.25Mn0.75Fe2O4 (ZMF0.75) composed of nanoparticles with sizes ranging from 5 to 10 nm shows the highest saturation magnetization (Ms = 68 emu g−1, which is ∼5 times greater than that of ZnFe2O4) and the best catalytic performance, with >99% azoxystrobin (AZX) degradation in a Fenton-like system. Moreover, the findings unveiled that the balance of Zn and Fe occupation in the polyhedron centres in the spinel crystal is broken upon replacing Zn with Mn. In all probability, the Zn/Fe/Mn cross-occupation phenomenon is essential for enhancing the activity of Fe and Mn multivalent metal atoms. A plausible mechanism for the synergistic effect of multiple active sites in ZMF0.75 on the formation of HO˙ and HO2˙ radicals is proposed. This work proves that Mn-substituted ZnFe2O4 could be an efficient heterogeneous Fenton-like catalyst for EOC decontamination in aqueous systems with ease for recycling via magnetic separation.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
材料科学
·
化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
·
2022
·
IF 7.129
Tianxiu Qiu,Huan Wang,Lei Liu,Jiong Chen
Azoxystrobin (AZ) is one of the most widely used strobilurin fungicides in the world, and its residue has seriously endangered aquatic ecological security. Our previous data showed that AZ exposure may reduce the resistance of fish to rhabdovirus infection in aquatic environment. Here, we further reported a potential long-term adverse effect of AZ exposure on the antiviral and immunosuppressive recovery in fish, and observed that mitochondrial dynamic balance was disturbed by AZ in which excessive mitochondrial fission occurred in response to decreased ATP levels. When a recovery operation was performed in AZ-exposed cells and fish, infectivity of our model virus, spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV), was significantly decreased in vitro (using the epithelioma papulosum cyprini [EPC] fish cell line) and in vivo (using zebrafish) in a time-dependent manner. Also, the expression of eight innate antiviral immune genes ( IFNs , ISG15 , MX1 , RIG-I , IRF3 , Nrf2 and HO-1 ) showed a similar change to SVCV replication between the longer exposure period and the expression recovery. Additionally, AZ facilitated horizontal transmission of SVCV in a static cohabitation challenge model, predicting the increase of the potential for the viral outbreak. Therefore, our data suggest that long-term effect of AZ on irreparable impairment in fish made AZ residue potentially greater for ecological risks.
研究领域:
水生毒理学
·
免疫学
·
病毒学
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
·
2023
·
IF 8.9
Xuanjun Guo,Ruihua Zhang,Qian Jin,Niannian Cao,Jingjing Shi,Xingxing Zong,Xuejun Chen,Chen Wang,Xuefeng Li,Sen Pang,Liqin Li
Azoxystrobin, a strobilurin widely used to control rice diseases, has raised concerns about possible adverse effects on aquatic ecosystems. At present, very little is known about the effects of azoxystrobin on courtship and aggressive behavior and the potential underlying mechanisms. In the present study, after exposing adult male and female zebrafish to worst-case scenario concentrations of azoxystrobin (0, 2 μg/L, 20 μg/L, and 200 μg/L) for 42 d, we observed a decrease in courtship behavior and an increase in aggressive behavior in both male and female zebrafish. In addition, to elucidate the molecular mechanism of the behavioral effects of azoxystrobin, we quantified the changes in the concentrations of kisspeptin, 5-HT, GnIH, and their corresponding receptor mRNA expression in the brain. The results showed that 200 μg/L azoxystrobin decreased the concentrations of kisspeptin and increased the concentration of GnIH in both male and female zebrafish brain. In addition, azoxystrobin also significantly reduced 5-HT concentration in female zebrafish brain. Further investigation revealed that altered courtship and aggressive behavior were associated with the expression levels of genes (kiss1, kiss2, gnrh3, gnrhr3, 5ht1a, and 5ht2a) involved in kisspeptin-GnIH signaling pathway. In conclusion, our study suggested that azoxystrobin may impair courtship and aggressive behavior in zebrafish by interfering with the kisspeptin-GnIH signaling pathway, which may have more profound effects on natural zebrafish populations.
研究领域:
环境毒理学
·
行为生物学
·
神经内分泌学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL
·
2019
·Vol. 28
·期 9
·725-734
·
IF 1.707
Liu Xinxin,Wang Yan,Wang Jun,Li Ling,Li Ranhong
The hydrophilic molecularly imprinted dispersive solid-phase extraction (HMIDSPE) coupled with liquid chromatography (LC) for the separation and the determination of azoxystrobin in cucumber was exploited. Hydrophilic molecularly imprinted microspheres (HMIMs) for azoxystrobin were synthesized through precipitation polymerization that hydroxypropyl methacrylate (HPMA) as functional monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as cross-linker, azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as initiator, a mixture solution of butanone (MEK) and n -heptane (V:V 7:3) as solvent. The microspheres were determined by Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Under the optimum DSPE conditions, the HMIMs could extract and enrich azoxystrobin very efficiently. Comparing HMIMs with C 18 , the average recoveries of azoxystrobin from blank cucumber samples spiked at 0.1, 0.5, and 1 mg mL −1 , ranged between 85.93 and 88.89% with relative standard deviations (RSD), were 2.10–4.91%. The average recoveries of azoxystrobin that used C 18 as sorbent were 56.20–60.66% with relative standard deviations (RSD) of 3.22–5.18%. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) of azoxystrobin were 3.24 × 10 −4 mg kg −1 and 0.005 mg kg −1 , respectively. The method of HMIDSPE-LC exhibited highly efficient separation and the enrichment of azoxystrobin. The actual samples were detected free of azoxystrobin.
研究领域:
分析化学
·
食品安全
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
·
2023
·
IF 6.8
Xuanjun Guo,Ruihua Zhang,Changsheng Li,Manman Duan,Niannian Cao,Qian Jin,Xuejun Chen,Liqin Li,Xuefeng Li,Sen Pang
A widely applied pesticide of azoxystrobin, is increasingly detected in the water environment. Concern has been raised against its potential detriment to aquatic ecosystems. It has been shown that exposure to azoxystrobin interfere with the locomotor behavior of zebrafish larvae. This study aims to investigate whether exposure to environmental levels of azoxystrobin (2 μg/L, 20 μg/L, and 200 μg/L) changes the behavior of male adult zebrafish. Herein, we evaluated behavioral response (locomotor, anxiety-like, and exploratory behaviors), histopathology, biochemical indicators, and gene expression in male adult zebrafish upon azoxystrobin exposure. The study showed that exposure to azoxystrobin for 42 days remarkably increased the locomotor ability of male zebrafish, resulted in anxiety-like behavior, and inhibited exploratory behavior. After treatment with 200 μg/L azoxystrobin, vasodilatation, and congestion were observed in male zebrafish brains. Exposure to 200 μg/L azoxystrobin notably elevated ROS level, MDA concentration, CAT activity, and AChE activity, while inhibiting SOD activity, GPx activity, ACh concentration, and DA concentration in male zebrafish brains. Moreover, the expression levels of genes related to the antioxidant, cholinergic, and dopaminergic systems were significantly changed. This suggests that azoxystrobin may interfere with the homeostasis of neurotransmitters by causing oxidative stress in male zebrafish brains, thus affecting the behavioral response of male zebrafish.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
毒理学
·
神经科学
·
水生生物学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
·
2021
·
IF 10.588
Qi Zhang,Yitian Yu,Mingkang Jin,Yu Deng,Bingyu Zheng,Tao Lu,Haifeng Qian
Pesticides are continually entering the soil ecosystem because of safety assurance of high-yield food in agricultural intensification. It is highly urgent to evaluate their effects on the soil biota . This study characterized the dose-dependent changes in the gut bacterial and fungal community of Enchytraeus crypticus after oral exposure to an environmental dose of the fungicide azoxystrobin (AZ; 0.5, 1, and 10 mg/L) for 21 days. AZ not only induced the growth opportunistic pathogens and reduced the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria in the E. crypticus gut, but also destroyed the stability of the gut microecology of E. crypticus . Meanwhile, the dose-dependent effects of AZ were observed on the number and normalized abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs; copies/bacterial cell), and trace dose of AZ (> 0 and < 0.085 μg/individual) might enrich the ARG numbers in the gut of E. crypticus . Moreover, we used structural equation modeling to speculate that apart from mobile genetic elements and the bacterial community, the microbial interaction of E. crypticus gut might be another key contributor that drived the emergence and dissemination of ARGs. This study provides new perspectives in assessing the gut health of soil fauna under pesticide pollution in intensive agricultural production.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
微生物学
·
土壤生态学
·
毒理学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
·
2021
·Vol. 22
·期 19
·10412
·
IF 5.924
Huiping Chen,Yongpan Shan,Lidong Cao,Pengyue Zhao,Chong Cao,Fengmin Li,Qiliang Huang
Long-term use of a single fungicide increases the resistance risk and causes adverse effects on natural ecosystems. Controlled release formulations of dual fungicides with different modes of action can afford a new dimension for addressing the current issues. Based on adjustable aperture and superhigh surface area, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are ideal candidates as pesticide release carriers. This study used Al3+as the metal node and 2-aminoterephthalic acid as the organic chain to prepare aluminum-based metal–organic framework material (NH2-Al-MIL-101) with “cauliflower-like” structure and high surface area of 2359.0 m2/g. Fungicides of azoxystrobin (AZOX) and diniconazole (Dini) were simultaneously encapsulated into NH2-Al-MIL-101 with the loading content of 6.71% and 29.72%, respectively. Dual fungicide delivery system of AZOX@Dini@NH2-Al-MIL-101 demonstrated sustained and pH responsive release profiles. When the maximum cumulative release rate of AZOX and Dini both reached about 90%, the release time was 46 and 136 h, respectively. Furthermore, EC50values as well as the percentage of inhibition revealed that AZOX@Dini@NH2-Al-MIL-101 had enhanced germicidal efficacy against rice sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani), evidenced by the synergistic ratio of 1.83. The present study demonstrates a potential application prospect in sustainable plant protection through co-delivery fungicides with MOFs as a platform.Keywords:NH2-Al-MIL-101;controlled release;dual encapsulation;synergistic effect;rice sheath blight
研究领域:
植物保护
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Catalysts
·
2021
·Vol. 11
·期 10
·1169
·
IF 4.146
Feng Chen,Dezheng Yang,Feng Yu,Yang Kun,Ying Song
In this work, the azoxystrobin removal in water by using a micro-size discharge array was investigated, and the removal efficiency can reach as high as 98.1% after 9 min plasma treatment as well as the energy utilization being only 0.73 g/(kW·h). Based on the relationship between the generation of gas bubbles and parameters of gas-liquid discharge, it was found that the variation of applied voltage, gas flow rate and initial solution temperature could cause particle number change, mass transfer rate change and the mass transfer time change, which significantly affected the practical applications at last. The experimental results indicated that when gas flow rate was 0.7 SLM (Standard Liter per Minute) and the initial solution temperature was 297 K with the applied voltage of 8 kV and discharge frequency of 6 kHz, the removal efficiency of azoxystrobin achieved maximum. Based on the analysis results of liquid mass spectrometry, the removal pathways of azoxystrobin were supposed by the decomposed by-products. Toxicity tests indicated that the decomposed products were safe and non-toxic. So, this study may reveal an azoxystrobin degradation mechanism and provide a safe, reliable and effective way for azoxystrobin degradation.Keywords:non-thermal plasma;azoxystrobin;micro-discharge array reactor;mass transfer;degradation
研究领域:
环境科学
·
农业科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）