SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE
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2026
·
IF 4.6
Zhixuan Fan,Shushu Pu,Yuling Dong,Li Li,Yaping Liu,Jianbing Di,Wei Ji,Yu Wang
Gray mold, caused by Botrytis cinerea, is a serious postharvest disease of grapes resulting in significant economic losses. By combining multi-omics in vitro and in vivo assays, we evaluated the antifungal activity of 18 mg/L selenium (supplied as sodium selenite) against B. cinerea . Mechanistically, Se treatment caused severe morphological damage in B. cinerea , with scanning electron microscopy revealing broken hyphae and collapse. Metabolomics and transcriptomics analyses showed that Se disrupted mitochondrial β-oxidation and down-regulated genes involved in cell-wall precursor biosynthesis, compromising structural integrity. Se further perturbed cellular processes and energy metabolism by accumulating tricarboxylic acid cycle inhibitors and modulating amino acid turnover. Virulence-related genes ( Bcbrn2, Bcole1 ), ABC transporters ( ABCB1, PDR5 ) were down-regulated, reducing pathogenicity, efflux and carbohydrate transport. Overall, Se disrupted membrane structure, metabolic homeostasis and pathogenicity of B. cinerea through multiple pathways. The reliability of the transcriptomic data was confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) validation of key differentially expressed genes (R² = 0.9923). Importantly, in vivo trials confirmed that Se effectiveness suppressing B. cinerea infection in grape fruits.
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Food Bioscience
·
2026
·
IF 5.9
Xinyu Huang,Rongrong Cai,Lijuan Meng,Tariq Aziz,Nada K. Alharbi,Ashwag Shami,Fahad Saad Alhodieb,Saleh A. Alsanie,Mansour Alblaji,Haiying Cui,Ce Shi
Strawberries with high nutritional content are highly vulnerable to decay due to the lack of protective peels and Botrytis cinerea ( B. cinerea ) infection. The natural compound p -Anisaldehyde (AS) showed great potential application in food preservation due to the efficient bioactive activities, while the hydrophobic and volatile properties of AS have limited the widespread application. Herein, the AS nanoemulsion (ASNE) was prepared and the antifungal activity and mechanisms against B. cinerea were investigated. Furthermore, the chitosan-based edible coating-films incorporating ASNE were developed to evaluate their preservative effects on strawberries. Results showed the prepared ASNE was nanometer-size emulsion with high homogeneity and stability, and the growth of B. cinerea was completely inhibited after exposure to ASNE at 6.25 μL/mL. Morphological ultrastructural observations suggested ASNE could significantly damage the mycelial morphology, disrupt the membrane integrity of fungal mycelia, and thereby resulting in the leakage of intracellular materials. In addition, ASNE could induce the intracellular reactive oxygen species production and accumulation, thereby leading to lipid peroxidation and membrane integrity destruction of B. cinerea mycelia. The results in the practical preservation test showed chitosan edible coating-films loaded with ASNE (CS/ASNE-12.5 edible coating-films) could reduce the weight loss, decay rate and hardness changes, and retard the microbial growth in strawberries during an 8-day storage period at 4 °C. These findings suggested that the fabricated CS/ASNE edible coating-films showed great potential in postharvest strawberry preservation.
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JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE
·
2020
·Vol. 100
·期 11
·4272-4281
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IF 2.614
Hanbo Wang,Xiaohong Kou,Caie Wu,Gongjian Fan,Tingting Li
BACKGROUND The effects of postharvest methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment (50 μmol L –1 ) on the control of gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea in blueberry fruit were evaluated by analyzing (i) the levels of disease resistance signals; (ii) the activity of enzymes involved in antioxidant system, disease resistance and phenylpropanoid pathway, and (iii) the secondary metabolite content. RESULTS The results indicated that MeJA treatment significantly restrained the development of gray mold decay in blueberries. The treatment induced a nitric oxide (NO) burst and increased the endogenous hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) content in the earlier period of storage. The enhanced NO and H 2 O 2 generation by MeJA treatment might serve as a signal to induce resistance against B. cinerea infection. Furthermore, in inoculated fruit, MeJA treatment significantly promoted antioxidant enzymes and defense-related enzyme activity, which included superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, chitinase, and β -1,3-glucanase, and the degree of membrane lipid peroxidation was reduced. The MeJA treatment enhanced the phenylpropanoid pathway by provoking phenylalanine ammonialyase, cinnamate 4-hydroxylase, and 4-coumarate CoA ligase activity, which was accompanied by elevated levels of phenolics and flavonoids in blueberry fruit. CONCLUSION These results suggested that MeJA could induce the disease resistance of blueberries against B. cinerea by regulating the antioxidant enzymes, defense-related enzymes, and the phenylpropanoid pathway through the activation of signaling molecules.
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高影响因子
Waste and Biomass Valorization
·
2020
·Vol. 11
·期 12
·6555-6563
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IF 2.851
Hou Rongrong,Shi Jie,Ma Xiubing,Wei Huanran,Hu Jiajun,Tsang Yiu Fai,Gao Min-Tian
Abstract Phenolic compounds are widely used in different research fields, such as pesticides, medicines, and food. In this study, phenolic acids (PAs) were extracted from rice straw and were found to exhibit a strong inhibitory effect on Botrytis cinerea . B. cinerea mycelial growth and spore generation decreased by 86.18% and 69.10%, respectively, following 0.2 g/L phenolic acid treatment. Confocal microscopic images demonstrated that phenolic acids changed the morphology of B. cinerea . The addition of phenolic acids to B. cinerea- infected tomato leaves increased PAL (phenylalaninammo-nialyase) and PPO (polyphenol oxidase) activities, and decreased POD (peroxidases) and CAT (catalase) activities in the leaves, indicating that phenolic acids enhanced the tolerance of tomato leaves to B. cinerea by reducing oxidative stress. Chlorophyll fluorescence imaging revealed that phenolic acids could alleviate the destruction of the photosynthetic system of B. cinerea -infected leaves. These results provide new insight into the use of phenolic acids from rice straw, through which a complete green cycle of ecological production can be established. Graphic Abstract
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Stress Biology
·
2023
·Vol. 3
·期 1
·1-16
·
IF 0
Zhao Haipeng,Ding Xiangyu,Chu Xiaomeng,Zhang Haimiao,Wang Xinyu,Zhang Xinwen,Liu Haoqi,Zhang Xiaoying,Yin Ziyi,Li Yang,Ding Xinhua
Gray mold is a destructive disease caused by Botrytis cinerea , a pervasive plant pathogen, which poses a threat to both tomato growth and postharvest storage. The utilization of induced resistance presents a potential strategy for combating plant pathogenic attacks. ZNC (zhinengcong), an extract derived from the endophytic fungus Paecilomyces variotii , has been discovered to play a vital role in preventing diverse forms of bacterial infections. Nevertheless, the precise mechanism behind its ability to enhance tomato resistance to fungi remains unclear. In this study, we found that the exogenous spraying of ZNC could significantly improve the resistance of tomato plants to B. cinerea . The results of both the metabolomic analysis and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) demonstrated that tomato plants responded to ZNC treatment by accumulating high levels of rutin. Additional transcriptome analysis uncovered that rutin enhances tomato resistance possible by initiating the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MPKs) related genes expression during the initial phase of invasion by B. cinerea . In addition, we also found that rutin might activate plant immunity by eliciting ethylene (ET) and jasmonic acid (JA)-mediated pathways. Therefore, plant immune inducer ZNC and rutin has bright application prospects and high utilization value to control gray mold. Graphical Abstract
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PHYTOPATHOLOGY
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2025
·
IF 3.1
Chengyan Xia,Xiansu Wang,Miss Zeqi Qi,Miss Fenghua Liu,Miss Dongxue Li,Miss Xiaolin Zhang,Libo Zhang,Delu Wang,Zhuo Chen
Gray mold is an important disease of crops and is widespread, harmful, difficult to control, and prone to developing fungicide resistance. Screening new fungicides is an important step in controlling this disease. Hydroxychloroquine is an anti-inflammatory and anti-malarial agent, which has shown marked inhibitory activity against many fungi in medicine. This study evaluated the inhibitory activity of hydroxychloroquine against several phytopathogenic fungi, finding a half-maximal effective concentration of 113.82 μg/ml against the hyphal growth of Botrytis cinerea , with significant in-vivo curative effects of 92.37% or 78.37% for gray mold on detached tomato leaves or fruits at 10.0 or 200.0 mg/ml, respectively. Ultrastructural studies indicated that hydroxychloroquine induced collapse of hyphae, with a wrinkled surface, unclear organelle boundaries, and organelle disintegration. Transcriptomic assays revealed that hydroxychloroquine could affect the expression of metabolism-related genes. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics analyses indicated that hydroxychloroquine bound to glucose-methanol-choline oxidoreductase, with low free energy value of −11.4 kcal/mol. Cell membrane permeability assays and hyphal staining confirmed that hydroxychloroquine damaged the cell membrane, causing leakage of hyphal contents and disturbing cell function. Biochemical assays indicated that hydroxychloroquine reduced the concentration of soluble proteins and reducing sugars in the hyphae. In total, hydroxychloroquine disturbed amino acid metabolism, therefore inhibiting the production of biomacromolecules, damaging the cell membrane, and restraining the growth of hyphae, and hence inhibiting gray mold on tomato. This study will explore the use of medicine in the development of agricultural fungicides and their application in managing crop diseases, providing valuable background information.
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PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY
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2023
·
IF 4.7
Xiaomin Zhao,Yunfei Zhang,Li Chen,Zhiqing Ma,Bin Zhang
The practical application of essential oils (EOs) as an alternative for synthetic pesticides in agricultural production is severely limited because of their instability, high volatility, and water insolubility. Nanoencapsulation of EOs is an important strategy to overcome these limitations. In view of this, this study aimed to develop chitosan-thymol nanoparticle (NCS-Thy) with pH-responsive which can be used as an intelligent botanical fungicide to control Botrytis cinerea . The NCS-Thy nanoparticle was prepared by ionic crosslinking method with the loading capacity and encapsulation efficiency of 29.87% and 41.92%, respectively. The synthesized NCS-Thy nanoparticle was further characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis, transmission electron microscopy observation, and dynamic lights scattering . The results of release kinetics and antifungal activity of NCS-Thy under different pH conditions were determined. The results showed that the NCS-Thy nanoparticle had excellent pH-responsiveness and can release more thymol under acidic conditions formed by B. cinerea , thereby achieving higher antifungal effects. Therefore, compared with unencapsulated thymol, the NCS-Thy nanoparticle had higher antifungal activity against B. cinerea in vitro . In addition, both the protective and curative efficacies of detached leaf test and pot experiment were significantly higher than those of unencapsulated thymol. Among them, the protective efficacy of NCS-Thy in the pot experiment was 78.73%, which was significantly higher than that of unencapsulated thymol with 61.13%. Therefore, the pH-responsive chitosan-thymol nano-preparation had a promising prospect of application in practical management of gray mold as an intelligent botanical fungicide.
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PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE
·
2026
·
IF 4.2
Yao Yu,Wanyun Zhu,Huiying Han,Xinru Li,Yiping Hou,Yuxin Zhou,Min Wei,Yiyun Qian,Min Yin,Yanqin Jiang,Pingping Song
BACKGROUND Botrytis cinerea causes serious gray mold disease in a wide range of crops, resulting in significant economic losses annually. Our preliminary studies demonstrated that Murrayone exhibited antifungal activity against various plant pathogens, including B. cinerea . However, its antifungal mechanism against B. cinerea remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role of the Ca 2+ -calcineurin signaling pathway in the antifungal activity of Murrayone against B. cinerea . RESULTS Murrayone exhibited efficacy against B. cinerea in both in vitro and in vivo assays. It markedly reduced intracellular Ca 2+ concentrations in the mycelia. The antifungal activity of Murrayone was influenced by CaCl 2 , the calcium channel blocker verapamil, and the calcineurin inhibitor cyclosporin A. Murrayone treatment significantly downregulated the expression of key genes ( Bccch1, Bcmid1, BccnA, Bcpmc1 , and Bcpmr1 ) in the Ca 2+ -calcineurin signaling pathway. Patch-clamp analysis suggested that Murrayone acted as a potential Ca 2+ channel blocker. CONCLUSION Murrayone significantly decreases the cytosolic Ca 2+ concentration and disrupts Ca 2+ homeostasis in B. cinerea . Its antifungal mechanism is linked to the Ca 2+ -calcineurin signaling pathway, potentially through acting as a calcium channel blocker. This work provides a theoretical foundation for developing Murrayone as a promising antifungal candidate and promotes its further application. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY
·
2025
·
IF 5.2
Junhua Wang,Shunxin Qin,Leilei Chen,Liang Wang,Xiangyan Chen,Jiying Qiu,Xingwang Zhang,Wenjuan Zhang,Qingxin Zhou
Botrytis cinerea , the second prevalent fungal pathogen worldwide, threatens a wide range of plants through its aggressive gray mold infection. This study investigates the antifungal effect of nerol against B. cinerea . Its minimum inhibitory concentration is 0.25 mL/L. Colony diameter reduced by 88.86 % at 48 h. Nerol exposure induced ROS accumulation, increasing malondialdehyde levels, which disrupted membrane integrity. It further induced mitochondrial dysfunction by suppressing the enzyme activities of succinic dehydrogenase and citrate synthase, reducing membrane potential, and promoting cytochrome C release and caspase-3 activation. Combined with phosphatidylserine externalization, these results suggested that nerol inhibited the growth of B. cinerea by a mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Nerol regulated autophagy-related genes expression and activated autophagy. In postharvest cherry tomatoes, nerol controlled gray mold on postharvest fruits by inhibiting the growth of B. cinerea , but also inducing fruit resistance by elevating phenolic content by 50.13 %. The study elucidates nerol's multifaceted antifungal and fruit-protective effects against B. cinerea , supporting its development for the postharvest preservation of cherry tomatoes.
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CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
·
2021
·
IF 9.381
Kun Gao,Jiang Zhan,Yukun Qin,Song Liu,Ronge Xing,HuaHua Yu,Xiaolin Chen,Pengcheng Li
Plant fungal diseases can lead to yield reduction and quality degradation in crops, which usually cause serious economic losses. Additionally, chemical fungicides used in the prevention and control of plant diseases are increasingly restricted due to resistance development and high toxicity. Therefore, biogenic fungicides such as chitosan with low toxicity and good biocompatibility are receiving increasing attention. This study found that the acid swelling chitosan pretreatment method can accelerate the rate of the specific oxidation of chitosan catalyzed by the TEMPO-NaBr-NaOCl system. This study proved that OCTS induces plant disease resistance, and the control efficiencies achieved in protection and treatment experiments against Botrytis cinerea were 80.6 % and 83.4 %, respectively, at 400 μg/mL OCTS. In addition, OCTS can promote plant growth and enhance plant defense enzyme activities. This research has realized a forward-looking exploration of the application of OCTS in the agricultural field.
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JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY
·
2015
·Vol. 119
·期 5
·1253-1262
·
IF 2.479
Yu D.,Wang J.,Shao X.,Xu F.,Wang H.
AimsThe essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) has been evaluated as a potential eco‐friendly antifungal agent against Botrytis cinerea. In this study, we investigated the antifungal activity and mode of action of tea tree oil (TTO) and its components against B. cinerea.Methods and ResultsOf the components we tested in contact phase, terpinen‐4‐ol had the highest antifungal activity, followed by TTO, α‐terpineol, terpinolene, then 1,8‐cineole. As one of characteristic components of TTO, terpinen‐4‐ol treatment led to pronounced alterations in mycelial morphology, cellular ultrastructure, membrane permeability under scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope and fluorescent microscope, and also reduced the ergosterol content of fungi. As another characteristic component, 1,8‐cineole caused serious intracellular damage but only slightly affected B. cinerea otherwise. When terpinen‐4‐ol and 1,8‐cineole were used together, the synergistic antifungal activity was significantly higher than either component by itself.ConclusionsThe results of our study confirmed that terpinen‐4‐ol and 1,8‐cineole act mainly on the cell membranes and organelles of B. cinerea, respectively, and when combined are similar to TTO in antifungal activity due to their differences.Significance and Impact of the StudyUnderstanding the mechanism of terpinen‐4‐ol and 1,8‐cineole antifungal action to B. cinerea is helpful for investigation on their synergistic effect and explaining antifungal action modes of TTO.
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CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
·
2026
·
IF 12.5
Junhao Ye,Ruiquan Hou,Kang Xie,Guangmin Ou,Zhixiang Zhang,Dongmei Cheng
The plant-derived photoactivated fungicide α-Terthienyl (α-T) exerts antimicrobial effects through light-induced reactive oxygen species generation. However, its agricultural application has been constrained by poor targeting capability and low photostability. To address these challenges, we developed a dual-responsive nanoparticle delivery system (α-T NPs) based on a pectin-chitosan polymer network that specifically recognizes the acidic and pectinase-rich microenvironment created by Botrytis cinerea hyphae secretions. Controlled release studies demonstrated that both acidic conditions (pH 5.0) and pectinase exposure substantially promoted α-T release, achieving cumulative release rates of 71.73% and 74.49% respectively over 60 h. The nanoparticle system showed no adverse effects on healthy tomato leaf growth while forming a protective barrier that effectively suppressed fungal infection. Targeted delivery significantly enhanced fungicidal efficacy, with α-T NPs exhibiting an EC₅₀ of 0.419 mg/L compared to 1.943 mg/L for α-T (technical material, TC). Confocal microscopy and quantitative analysis confirmed the enhanced targeting mechanism, revealing substantially stronger fluorescence intensity and higher α-T accumulation specifically on treated fungal hyphae. Additionally, α-T NPs significantly improved photostability, extending the half-life by approximately 1.93-fold under continuous illumination compared to α-T (TC). This work establishes an innovative “pathogen-activated” delivery platform with promising applications in sustainable crop protection.
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