SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
·
2017
·
IF 5.401
Zhuang Zhuang,Duo Qi,Chunyu Ru,Jing Pan,Chengji Zhao,Hui Na
This study presented a novel polymeric humidity sensor based on CaCl 2 -doped sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone) (SPEEK). For the first time, we developed a crosslinking procedure to modify SPEEK for humidity sensors application. SPEEKs with fixed value of sulfonation degree were synthesized by a direct aromatic nucleophilic substitution polymerization of sulfonated monomers. The obtained polymer was used to prepare humidity sensitive composites by doping CaCl 2 , and then they were fabricated by spin coating on a ceramic substrate to use as a novel polymeric humidity sensor. Humidity-sensing performances were investigated by varying both CaCl 2 concentration and relative humidity. Comparing with the pristine polymer, CaCl 2 -doped SPEEK showed improved humidity sensing properties and the 10 wt%- CaCl 2 /SPEEK sensor showed the best sensing properties for high sensitivity, little hysteresis (1.14%), fast response (2 s)/recovery time (65 s) and outstanding stability. Additionally, the morphology and thermal properties of composites and the humidity sensing mechanism of the sensors were discussed in detail. Most importantly, CaCl 2 was employed not only as dopant to significantly improve the sensitivity, but also as cross-linker to reduce the sorption hysteresis. This study demonstrated that these humidity sensors could offer a great potential for applications.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
传感器技术
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DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Energy Storage
·
2021
·
IF 6.583
Yixiu Xin,Hongen Nian,Jinhong Li,Jiaqing Zhao,Xiaoling Tan,Yongquan Zhou,Fayan Zhu,Hongyan Liu,Xiang Li
The efficient heat energy storage and conversion can be achieved by form-stable composite phase change material (CPCM) to cope with energy supply and demand imbalances in time and space. The modification of expanded graphite (EG) is important in promoting the phase change behavior of inorganic CPCM. The NiCo 2 O 4 with spinel structure has an excellent thermal conduction channel and great hydrophilia. In this study, the in-situ NiCo 2 O 4 was adopted to optimize the thermal conductivity and improve the thermal reliability of CaCl 2 ⋅6H 2 O (CCH)-based CPCM. It was found that the obtained CPCM exhibited the enhanced thermal conductivity (4.652 W⋅ m − 1 ⋅ K − 1 ), which was nearly 8.25 times that of CCH (0.564 W⋅ m − 1 ⋅ K − 1 ). The thermal reliability increased, which was ascribable to the improvement of hydrophilicity. Moreover, the CCH-based CPCM showed great chemical compatibility, good energy storage density (149.32 J⋅ g − 1 ), and optimized apparent activation energy (363.62 kJ⋅mol −1 ). This work will provide new insights into enhanced thermal conductivity and reliability for form-stabilized CPCM by establishing three-dimensional bimetallic oxide channels.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
能源工程
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
·
2024
·
IF 5.5
Yuanjia Ma,Xiao Yang
This work focuses on the electrochemical reduction behavior of PO 4 3– ions in molten CaCl 2 at 1123 K, aiming to develop a next-generation process for producing white phosphorus (P 4 ) through electrolysis of dissolved PO 4 3– . Results from cyclic voltammetry indicate a shift for the electrochemical reduction of PO 4 3– from a reversible reaction to a quasi-reversible one as the potential scan rate increases. The detachment rate of P 4 gas was found to be higher at the graphite electrode compared to Mo and W electrodes. The apparent diffusion coefficient of PO 4 3– , determined from chronoamperometry and chronopotentiometry at a graphite electrode, ranges from 1.43 to 2.26 × 10 –4 cm 2 s –1 . Additionally, an increase in the concentration of O 2– was found to decrease the detachment rate of P 4 gas, likely due to changes in the melt's physical properties. However, the increase in O 2– up to 0.30 mol% does not significantly affect the diffusion of PO 4 3– . This study provides valuable insights into the electrochemistry of PO 4 3– in molten CaCl 2 and offers a theoretical guidance for the technology development of P 4 production through electrolysis.
研究领域:
电化学
·
材料科学
·
化学工程
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
MOLECULES
·
2020
·Vol. 25
·期 17
·3975
·
IF 3.267
Zhongbao Liu,Banghua Zhao,Yong Huang,Xin Qi,Fengfei Lou
An MIL-101(Cr) powder material was successfully prepared using the hydrothermal synthesis method, and then the original MIL-101(Cr) was combined with different mass fractions of CaCl2using the immersion method to obtain a MIL-101(Cr)/CaCl2composite material. The physical properties of the adsorbent were determined by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), an N2 adsorption desorption isotherm test, and thermogravimetric analysis (TG). The water vapor adsorption performance of the metal-organic frameworks MOFs was tested with a gravimetric water vapor adsorption instrument to analyze its water vapor adsorption mechanism. Based on the SIMULINK platform in the MATLAB software, a simulation model of the coefficient of performance (COP) and cooling capacity of the adsorption refrigeration system was established, and the variation trends of the COP and cooling capacity of the adsorption refrigeration system under different evaporation/condensation/adsorption/desorption temperatures was theoretically studied. MIL101-(Cr)/CaCl2-20% was selected as the adsorption material in the adsorption refrigeration system through the physical characterization of composite materials with different CaCl2concentrations by means of adsorption water vapor test experiments. A closed adsorption system performance test device was built based on the liquid level method. The cooling power per unit and adsorbent mass (COP and SCP) of the system were tested at different evaporation temperatures (288 K/293 K/298 K); the adsorption temperature was 298 K, the condensation temperature was 308 K, and the desorption temperature was 353 K. The experimental results showed that COP and SCP increased with the increase in the evaporation temperature. When the evaporation temperature was 298 K, the level of COP was 0.172, and the level of SCP was 136.9 W/kg. The COP and SCP of the system were tested at different adsorption temperatures (293 K/298 K/303 K); the evaporation temperature was 288 K, the condensation temperature was 308 K, and the desorption temperature was 353 K. The experimental results showed that the levels of COP and SCP decreased with the increase in the adsorption temperature. When the adsorption temperature was 293 K, the level of COP was 0.18, and the level of SCP was 142.4 W/kg.
研究领域:
材料科学
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热力学工程
·
吸附技术
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DOI
高影响因子
Food Packaging and Shelf Life
·
2022
·
IF 8.749
Huawei Zhou,Ning Yang,Jingwen Hou,Chunwei Yu,Zhu Jin,Ping Zeng,Lingxin Yang,Yuli Fu,Yuanyuan Shen,Shengrong Guo
The effects of CaCl 2 , HCl , acetic acid or citric acid on dynamic mechanical performances and physicochemical properties of sodium alginate (SA) edible films are investigated. The results showed that the storage or loss modulus of the films were greater at 33 % relative humidity (RH) and decreased much slower with temperature (30–90 ℃) at 57 % or 75 % RH after different treatments, with their glass transition temperatures shifting higher. All the treatments improved the water resistance and mechanical properties of SA films. Specifically, CaCl 2 -treated films had the lowest solubility, and highest water contact angle and tensile strength . Acetic acid-treated films had the highest elongation at break. Citric acid-treated films had the lowest equilibrium moisture content and water vapor permeability. Film surface morphology kept dense and compact after various treatments. FT-IR spectra revealed that all the acid treatments increased hydrogen-bond interaction. This work provides new information for SA edible film modification.
研究领域:
食品科学
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材料科学
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DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
·
2025
·Vol. 172
·期 9
·092505
·
IF 3.3
Chuntao Ge,Qian Kou,Rong Li,Wenjuan Qi,Junjie Xu,Jun Zhang,Saijun Xiao
The NaCl-CaCl2 molten salt system presents a cost-effective and stable medium for the electrodeposition of metallic chromium. However, the electrochemical behavior of Cr2+ and the deposition process for dense chromium coatings within this system remain unexplored. Using CrCl2 as a precursor, this study investigated the electrochemical behavior of Cr2+ in NaCl-CaCl2 molten salt at 620 °C through cyclic voltammetry and square wave voltammetry. The results revealed that the reduction of Cr2+ involved a one-step, two-electron exchanged reaction (Cr2++ 2e−→Cr), exhibiting quasi-reversible behavior controlled by diffusion, with a diffusion coefficient of 0.5 × 10–5 cm2s−1. Electrodeposition on a molybdenum substrate demonstrated that current density significantly influenced coating morphology. An optimal condition of 30 mA cm−2 yielded a dense and uniform chromium coating, whereas current densities of 50–70 mA cm−2 resulted in significant degradation in coating planarity due to concentration polarization. Deposition time exhibited a linear positive correlation with coating thickness. Extending deposition time eliminated initial island growth and enhanced coating continuity. X-ray diffraction confirmed the coating consisted of pure chromium phase with a strong (200) preferred orientation. This research provided a theoretical and experimental foundation for electrodepositing chromium metal coatings in the NaCl-CaCl2 molten salt system.
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DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS
·
2019
·
IF 2.29
Lan Yang,Dan Li,Yupeng Li,Lingzong Meng,Tianlong Deng,Yafei Guo
The solid-liquid phase equilibria in the systems NaCl–SrCl 2 –H 2 O and NaCl–CaCl 2 –SrCl 2 –H 2 O at 323.15 K were studied with the isothermal dissolution method. The solid-liquid equilibrium phase diagrams were constructed with the experimental results. A comparison of the diagrams of system NaCl–SrCl 2 –H 2 O from 288.15 to 373.15 K shows that area of strontium chloride salt region decreased obviously whereas the areas of NaCl almost invariant. The dry-salt diagram of the NaCl–CaCl 2 –SrCl 2 –H 2 O system consists of four single-salt crystallization regions for NaCl, SrCl 2 ·6H 2 O, SrCl 2 ·2H 2 O and CaCl 2 ·2H 2 O, five univariant solubility curves and two invariant points. Combining Pitzer binary parameters obtained in the literatures, the Pitzer mixing parameters θ Na,Ca , θ Na,Sr , θ Ca,Sr , Ψ Na,Ca,Cl , Ψ Na,Sr,Cl and Ψ Ca,Sr,Cl were fitted with the solubility data in this study and literatures. The model was then used for predicting the solubilities of the two systems. The experimental data are in accordance with the predicted results.
研究领域:
化学
·
物理化学
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DOI
高影响因子
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B-PROCESS METALLURGY AND MATERIALS PROCESSING SCIENCE
·
2024
·Vol. 55
·期 4
·2037-2048
·
IF 2.4
Lin Chenlu,Yang Xiao
This study focuses on understanding the behavior of oxide ions (O 2– ) in molten CaCl 2 , which is important for applications in molten salt electrolysis. The dissolution mechanism of solid CaO and mass transfer characteristics of O 2– in molten CaCl 2 were investigated through comprehensive chemical analysis. The results revealed that the incongruently melting compound in the CaCl 2 –CaO system is Ca 4 OCl 6 (CaO·3CaCl 2 ), with a peritectic point observed at 19 mol pct of CaO and 1104 K. The previously reported compounds Ca 3 OCl 4 (CaO·2CaCl 2 ) and Ca 5 OCl 8 (CaO·4CaCl 2 ) were never detected, while only Ca 4 OCl 6 (CaO·3CaCl 2 ) was observed under air-tight conditions. The dissolution behavior of solid CaO in molten CaCl 2 is highly temperature dependent, with a critical threshold identified at 1104 K. Below this temperature, CaO reacts with CaCl 2 to form Ca 4 OCl 6 , which subsequently dissociates into simple ions (Ca 2+ , Cl – , and O 2– ). Above 1104 K, CaO directly dissociates to produce O 2– . Although temperature influences the formation and dissociation of Ca 4 OCl 6 , it has minimal impact on the dissociation of CaO and the mass transfer of O 2– in the melt.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
·
物理化学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2020
·
IF 6.306
Yu Wang,Ying Zhou,Xi-xi Wang,Fei Ma,Bao-cai Xu,Pei-jun Li,Cong-gui Chen
The improvement mechanism of high pressure processing (HPP, 100–300 MPa, 10 min) on the gelation properties of reduced-sodium (0.3 M sodium chloride) myofibrillar protein containing 20 mM CaCl 2 (MP-Ca) were explored. The results showed that the water holding capacity (WHC) and strength of MP-Ca gel reached the maximum values under 200 MPa. This was attributed to substantial solubilization of myosin heavy chain and actin, a decreased protein aggregation ability and the exposure of both tyrosine and tryptophan residues resulting from the unfolding of the protein tertiary structure. However, 300 MPa induced the hydrophobic rearrangement of MP and the disulfide cross-linking of the myosin S-1 subfragment, leading to the formation of large protein aggregates and decreased solubility of MP, thus resulting in a weaker gel with a reduced WHC. Therefore, moderate HPP (approximately 200 MPa) and low concentrations of CaCl 2 could potentially improve the gelation properties of reduced-sodium meat products.
研究领域:
食品科学
·
生物化学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY
·
2024
·
IF 3.2
Bo Lou,Daheng Zhou,Jiaxin Ding,Qiongyi Huang
Porous materials with high adsorption capacity can enhance the efficiency of water-based adsorption heat transformation systems. The composites salt in porous matrix (CSPM) are considered to be very promising materials. In this paper, the UIO-66-NH 2 and UIO-66-NO 2 metal-organic framework were used as the porous matrix to synthesize composites with CaCl 2 as the hygroscopic salt. The water adsorption and desorption performance of the composite materials were studied, and the cycle stability was investigated in a continuous adsorption-desorption experiment. As a result, the hydrophilic UIO-66 based composites exhibited higher water adsorption and heat storage capacity. CaCl 2 @UIO-66-NH 2 achieved a water adsorption capacity of 0.84 g/g at 60% relative humidity (RH) and an energy storage density of 1858 J/g. In addition, the hydrophilic UIO-66 based composites exhibited excellent cycle stability, with the quality decreasing by less than 5% after ten adsorption-desorption cycles.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
·
能源存储
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DOI
高影响因子
OPTICAL MATERIALS
·
2018
·
IF 2.32
Honghan Bu,Chen Xu,Guoyue Xu,Chuyang Liu,Shujuan Tan,Tengchao Guo,Shanshan Xiang
BCG/CaCl 2 /PEG-g-CDA composites with different mass ratios of BCG and CaCl 2 under constant PEG-g-CDA were synthesized via liquid-phase reaction method. The composites were analyzed and characterized using FT-IR, XRD , DSC and UV–vis. The results show that the color changes visibly from green to yellow by improving temperature from 50 °C to 62 °C, and turns back to green reversibly with temperature cooling back to room temperature. The infrared emissivity values increase rapidly at the temperature range of 50 °C–62 °C, and the maximum variation reaches 0.23. Furthermore, the mechanisms for thermochromic phenomenon and tunable infrared emissivity were also proposed. The reversible thermochromic phenomenon is attributed to the molecular structure transformation of BCG between ring-opened quinone structure and ring-closed lactone structure. The tunable emissivity at different temperatures is ascribed to the changes of resistivity under temperature fluctuations. Our results suggest that BCG/CaCl 2 /PEG-g-CDA composites are a potential candidate for smart adaptive camouflage in visible and infrared waveband.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
光学
·
热力学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
·
2023
·
IF 11.2
Wei Liang,Qian Zhang,Hao Duan,Shiqi Zhou,Yaxi Zhou,Wenhao Li,Wenjie Yan
To investigate the influence of surface gelatinization on cold plasma (CP) modification of starch , this study used CaCl 2 to modify maize starch by surface gelatinization , further combined with CP treatment and characterized its multi-scale structure and physicochemical properties. The results revealed that starch surface gelatinization causes roughness and fragmentation on the granule surface, and CP undergoes etching effects. The synergistic modification promotes starch degradation, as evidenced by molecular weight decrease and short-chain ratio increase. Although the growth rings, FT-IR patterns, and crystal types of starch remained unchanged, the synergistic modification induced a reduction in the short-range orderliness and crystallinity of starch, thus causing a decrease in the pasting properties and contributing to its solubility. Notably, the CP treatment improved the RDS and SDS contents of the gelatinized starch due to more active sites on the granule surface after gelatinization, and this finding may provide insight into the deep processing of starch.
研究领域:
食品科学
·
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）