PHYSICS OF THE SOLID STATE
·
2026
·Vol. 68
·期 11
·959-965
·
IF 2.4
Gengga Lazang,Meng Bo,Li Haichao
The morphology of nanomaterials significantly affects their physical and chemical properties. In this study, Tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide was used as the carbon source, and sodium bromide (NaBr) and a mixture of CsCl with NaBr were used as spacers to prepare carbon nanospheres and carbon nanoneedles, respectively. Characterization techniques included SEM, XPS, XRD, Raman spectroscopy, and FT-IR spectroscopy, the results demonstrate that carbon nanoneedles have a higher degree of graphitization and lower surface oxidation. The introduction of CsCl significantly changed the morphology of the carbon nanomaterials, transforming them from spherical to needle-like structures.providing a new strategy for the design and control of nanomaterial morphology.
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JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA
·
2024
·
IF 2
Yueheng Wang,Ziyu Zhuang,Yanfei Fan,Dandan Gao,Dongdong Li
Ammonium ion is of the same charge as alkali ions and with similar ionic radius as potassium, rubidium, and cesium ions. Solid solutions are very common between ammonium and alkali salts, which is of great interest for understanding the geology, soil, and environment fate of these elements. In this study, the solid–aqueous equilibrium in the NH4Cl + RbCl + H2O and NH4Cl + CsCl + H2O systems was determined at 298.15 K. For each system, two incontinuous solid solutions, i.e. (NH4,Rb)Cl(α) and (Rb,NH4)Cl(β), or (Cs,NH4)Cl(α) and (NH4,Cs)Cl(β), presented, and their composition and structure were studied using Schreinemakers’ wet residues analysis, XRD, and Raman characterization. The equilibrium between these solid solutions and aqueous solutions were well modeled using an integrated solution equilibrium calculator program, in which a Pitzer-Simonson-Clegg model and a subregular model were implemented for describing the nonideality of aqueous phase and solid solution. According to the experimental and thermodynamic modeling results, NH4Cl can dissolve RbCl and CsCl in the solid state (NH4,Rb)Cl(α) or (NH4,Cs)Cl(β) with limited solid solubilities of 0.18 or 0.051 in mole fraction, respectively. RbCl or CsCl can also dissolve NH4Cl in the solid state (Rb,NH4)Cl(β) or (Cs,NH4)Cl(α) with limited solid solubilities of 0.37 and 0.095 in mole fraction, respectively.
研究领域:
化学
·
环境科学
·
地质学
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JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS
·
2016
·
IF 2.196
Xiuhua Hao,Shuni Li,Quanguo Zhai,Yucheng Jiang,Mancheng Hu
The (solid + liquid) equilibrium (SLE) and (liquid + liquid) equilibrium (LLE) of RbCl/CsCl + ethylene carbonate (EC) + H 2 O ternary systems were carefully investigated at 298.15 K. The SLE and LLE data were correlated by the corresponding equations respectively. Furthermore, the thermodynamic properties of RbCl/CsCl in the EC–water systems were determined by potentiometric method at T = 298.15 K. The experiment data were correlated by the Pitzer, modified Pitzer and the extended Debye–Hückel equations. The mean activity coefficients, osmotic coefficients and excess Gibbs free energies, standard Gibbs free energy of transfer and the standard solubility product of systems were calculated. The mean activity coefficient γ ± decreases with the increase of the molality of electrolyte at the fixed mass fraction of EC. But γ ± vary abnormally with the increase of the EC content. The result of Δ G t 0 reflects the spontaneously transfer of the electrolytes from water to the mixed solvents.
研究领域:
物理化学
·
电化学
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CALPHAD-COMPUTER COUPLING OF PHASE DIAGRAMS AND THERMOCHEMISTRY
·
2016
·
IF 2.129
Zhangyang Kang,Maogang He,Guangxuan Lu,Ying Zhang
Differential scanning calorimetry analysis of the various compositions in the (LiCl+CsCl) and (LiCl+KCl+CsCl) systems have been performed, and the composition of 55.5:19.5:25 mol% and 263 °C were considered as a eutectic point in the (LiCl+KCl+CsCl) ternary system . A careful evaluation and optimization of our measured phase diagram data and all the other available experimental data for the (LiCl+CsCl) and (LiCl+KCl+CsCl) systems were performed to obtain optimized model parameters for all solid and liquid phases . A thermodynamic data set has been formed and may be used to calculate phase equilibrium and all thermodynamic properties in the (LiCl+KCl+CsCl) ternary system . A density model based on the Modified Quasichemical Model has been employed to evaluate all available density data of the (LiCl+KCl), (KCl+CsCl), (LiCl+CsCl) and (LiCl+KCl+CsCl) melts, and optimized parameters for the density model generated a useful database that can be used to complete a prediction for the density of all liquid phases .
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JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA
·
2020
·
IF 2.369
Lijiang Guo,Hongxia Li
The solubility of the RbCl–CsCl–H2O ternary system has been investigated at the temperature range from 298.15 to 348.15 K by two different methods, namely, the Flow-Cloud-Point (FCP) method and the Isothermal Dissolve Equilibrium (IDE) method. The measured solubility for this ternary system at 298.15 K by FCP method is consistent with the reported result in literature. The measured solubility results for this ternary system at 323.15 K by the FCP and IDE, two different methods that are consistent with each other, which indicated the results are more reliable. Meanwhile, the measured liquid–wet solid–solid lines proved that the equilibrium solid phases are two types of solid solutions (Rb,Cs)Cl(ss) and (Cs,Rb)Cl(ss) rather than pure salts (RbCl and CsCl) reported in literature. For the first time, the solubility of the RbCl–CsCl–H2O ternary system at 308.15 and 348.15 K has been measured by IDE method. The measured results shown that the equilibrated solid phases in this ternary system at 308.15 and 348.15 K are two types of solid solution (Rb,Cs)Cl(ss) and (Cs,Rb)Cl(ss), at RbCl rich side and CsCl rich side, respectively.
研究领域:
无机化学
·
溶液热力学
·
物理化学
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JOURNAL OF SOLUTION CHEMISTRY
·
2013
·Vol. 42
·期 9
·1782-1793
·
IF 1.128
Lu Jia,Li Shu’ni,Zhai Quanguo,Jiang Yucheng,Hu Mancheng
The mean activity coefficients for CsCl in N -methylformamide or urea ( w ) + H 2 O (1 − w ) systems were determined in this work by potentiometry, using ion-selective electrodes at 298.15 K. The value of mass fraction w was varied between 0.00 and 0.40 in five unit-steps and the molality of CsCl was between 0.0020 and 1.4009 mol·kg −1 . The experimental data have been correlated with the Pitzer, modified Pitzer and the extended Debye–Hückel equations. The resulting values of the mean activity coefficients, the osmotic coefficients and the standard Gibbs energy of transfer, together with the Pitzer ion-interaction parameters ( β
(0) , β
(1) and C
φ ), extended Debye–Hückel parameters ( a , c and d ), and modified Pitzer parameters ( b , B
MX , C
MX ) are reported for the investigated systems.
研究领域:
化学
·
物理化学
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JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA
·
2026
·Vol. 71
·期 9
·3749-3760
·
IF 2.4
Zhuang Ziyu,Zhang Manman,Li Dongdong,Gao Dandan,Feng Haitao
The phase equilibria of ternary systems
phenylboronic
acid (C 6 H 5 B(OH) 2 ) + KCl/RbCl/CsCl
+ H 2 O were investigated at 298.15 and 348.15 K using
a direct
isothermal dissolution equilibrium method with mannitol-NaOH titration.
Solid phases were characterized by Schreinemakers’ wet method,
XRD, Raman, IR, and TG-DSC. No new adducts were detected, in contrast
to the stable adduct 2H 3 BO 3 ·3CsCl formed
in the H 3 BO 3 + CsCl + H 2 O system.
All three systems are of the simple eutectic type, with two solubility
branches and one invariant point. C 6 H 5 B(OH) 2 exerts a weak salting-in effect on the chlorides, independent
of temperature. Conversely, the chlorides salt out C 6 H 5 B(OH) 2 following the order CsCl < RbCl < KCl,
an effect that increases with temperature. This pattern differs from
H 3 BO 3 -alkali chloride systems (salting-in) but
resembles H 3 BO 3 -alkaline earth chloride systems
(salting-out). The salting-out is attributed to salt-induced reduction
of water activity, which disrupts the hydration layer of the solute
and promotes its dehydration condensation to triphenyl boroxine. From
a crystallographic viewpoint, the layered structure of H 3 BO 3 provides suitable sites for Cs + , whereas
the three-dimensional network of C 6 H 5 B(OH) 2 does not. This structural insight suggests that the layered
1,4- and 1,3-benzenediboronic acids may form similar adducts with
Cs + , warranting further investigation.
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ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
·
2025
·
IF 7.3
Changzu Zhu,Tao Jiang,Shilin Jiang,Xinyu Zhang,Ming Cheng,Wentao Zhou,Wei-qun Shi,Yafei Wang
Electrochemical separation of spent fuel utilizing molten salt as a medium is an efficient approach to achieve the sustainable development of nuclear energy. The Lewis acidity and basicity of molten salts are closely related to the local structure of the molten salt and significantly influence its properties. In this study, the acidity–basicity scales of LiCl–KCl–CsCl–LaCl3 molten salts have been quantitatively determined using in situ UV–vis spectrophotometry with Tl+ probes, and the relationship between the acidity–basicity scale and temperature was deduced. The influence of molten salt’s acidity–basicity scale on its structural evolution was investigated through Deep Potential Molecular Dynamics (DPMD) simulations and in situ Raman spectroscopy. As the acidity–basicity scale of molten salt increases, the short-range ordering of the melt diminishes, and the intermediate-range ordering enhances. Moreover, based on the accumulation of data at various temperatures, the relationships between the temperature-dependent acidity–basicity scale and the thermal transport properties were derived. The reduction potential of La was analyzed through electrochemical tests to evaluate the corrosiveness of the salt melt, and it was found that molten salt with a higher acidity–basicity scale exhibited greater corrosivity. This study elucidates the correlation of the acidity–basicity scale with salt structure and properties, providing an effective method for comprehensive assessment and real-time monitoring of salt structure and properties through the direct measurement of the salt acidity–basicity scale.
研究领域:
核能化学
·
材料科学
·
电化学
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JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS
·
2022
·
IF 3.269
Ziyu Zhuang,Dongdong Li,Yanfei Fan,Dandan Gao,Dewen Zeng
The construction of a comprehensive thermodynamic model for boron-containing salt brine is important. However, the general lack of the solubility of H 3 BO 3 + salt + H 2 O ternary systems makes it difficult to determine model parameters involving boron species. Here, we systematically determined the solubility isotherms of the H 3 BO 3 + CsCl + H 2 O system at T = (273.15, 298.15, 323.15, 348.15 and 363.15) K. There are three solubility branches corresponding to H 3 BO 3(cr) , CsCl (cr) and a novel adduct in the system. The determined composition of the adduct is 2H 3 BO 3 ·3CsCl. Moreover, the single crystal structure of 2H 3 BO 3 ·3CsCl is solved, suggesting that H 3 BO 3 molecules keep it native plane-triangle structure, but the O atoms coordinate to the Cs ion. We modeled these ternary solubility isotherms using the Pitzer-Simonson-Clegg (PSC) model implemented in the ISLEC program. With the help of the model, a complete polythermal phase diagram of the system was constructed for the temperature range from 250 K to 373.15 K. The determined standard thermodynamic quantities of 2H 3 BO 3 ·3CsCl (cr) from the model are Δ f G m Θ = − 3182.26 kJ∙mol −1 , Δ f H m Θ = − 3496.19 kJ∙mol −1 , S m Θ = 485.85 J∙K −1 ∙mol −1 , C p , m Θ = 320 J∙K −1 ∙mol −1 , respectively.
研究领域:
化学
·
物理化学
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JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY
·
2022
·Vol. 331
·期 12
·5641-5648
·
IF 1.754
Smolenski Valeri,Novoselova Alena,Yan Yongde,Xue Yun,Ma Fuqiu
The equilibrium potentials of Me(III)/Me (Me = Dy, U) couples and the double Me–Ga, Me–Cd alloys vs. Cl − /Cl 2 reference electrode were measured at the temperature range 673–973 K in molten LiCl–KCl–CsCl eutectic by open-circuit potentiometry. The apparent standard potential and the base thermodynamic properties of alloys were determined. Separation factor for Dy/U couple was calculated on gallium and cadmium electrodes. In addition, it was found that the application of gallium electrodes has a significant advantage over cadmium electrodes in the process of electrochemical separation of uranium and dysprosium.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
核能工程
·
电化学
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA
·
2026
·
IF 2.4
Ziyu Zhuang,Manman Zhang,Dandan Gao,Wolfgang Voigt,Dongdong Li,Haitao Feng
Previously, the formation of a stable adduct 2H3BO3·3CsCl (BC) was observed in CsCl(aq) but not in RbCl(aq). The phase equilibria of the H3BO3 + RbCl + CsCl + H2O system were studied to assess the potential for selective separation of Cs from Rb. Solubility isotherms were determined experimentally. Appropriate liquid composition ranges were preselected using modeling with ISLEC’s equilibrium software. Schreinemakers’ wet solid method, XRD, Raman and IR spectra, Roozeboom’s plots, and SEM-EDS were applied to identify the four phase regions H3BO3, 2H3BO3·3(Cs,Rb)Cl (Bss), (Rb,Cs)Cl, and (Cs,Rb)Cl. Notably, in the presence of RbCl, the BC phase incorporates Rb+, forming a substitutional solid solution, Bss, which inhibits selective separation of CsCl. Roozeboom’s plot analysis revealed that RbCl exhibits higher solubility in the Bss phase compared to the (Cs,Rb)Cl solid solution. The separation factor βCs/Rb between the solid Bss phase and the corresponding solution was 2.0, significantly lower than that of (Cs,Rb)Cl (βCs/Rb = 9.5) in the ternary system without H3BO3. This indicates a stronger coordination between CsCl and H3BO3 relative to that of RbCl in the ternary system without H3BO3. The above understanding provides new strategies designing novel B–OH compounds to enhance Cs/Rb separation efficiency in aqueous systems.
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