Molecular Catalysis
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2022
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IF 5.089
Hengtao Tang,Zheng Zhou,Zhi Chen,Xin Ju,Liangzhi Li
Monosaccharides from biomass can be used as cost-effective raw materials to produce rare sugars which are valuable sweeteners. Enzymes play a pivotal role in such biomass biorefinery processes to develop novel synthetic routes, and improve the environmental friendliness of current routes. Here we propose a proof of concept biorefinery process to prepare useful rare sugars of D-xylulose and D-ribulose from D-xylose which was abundant in biomass. Ribose-5-phosphate isomerase B from Ochrobactrum sp. (OsRpiB) with a unique substrate scope was engineered to intensify the activity of transforming D-xylose to D-xylulose. A double mutant R94N/N137Q with 80% higher catalytic efficiency was identified, and kinetic and molecular dynamic studies were conducted to explore the mechanism underneath. The results revealed a correlation between enhancing stability and activity simultaneously. Then a one-pot enzyme cascade was constructed with OsRpiB and D-tagatose-3-epimerase from Pseudomonas cichorii and transformed D-xylulose further to D-ribulose. The conversions of D-xylose and D-xylulose in cascade reaction were 1.80-fold and 1.83-fold of that in separate reactions with the aid of process parameter adjustment. The presented work is the first reported enzyme cascade converting D-xylose to D-ribulose, and proves the promising role of monosaccharide isomerase platforms in the refinery of biomass.
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ACS ES&T Water
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2022
·
IF 0
Tengjing Gong,Danting Shi,Zhigao Zhu,Bin Liu,Senlin Shao
Hydrophobic membranes are very susceptible to pore wetting when they contact the feed water containing surfactants or low-surface-tension liquids in membrane distillation (MD). Avoiding direct contact between feed water and hydrophobic membrane pores is a potential strategy to control membrane pore wetting. In this study, we successfully fabricated a polyamide thin-film composite (TFC) Janus membrane through interfacial polymerization, with a hydrophobic microporous membrane as the substrate. The fabricated TFC Janus membrane showed a super antiwetting ability when treating the hypersaline water containing surfactants (>0.4 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate) or ethanol (>40% v/v). The optical coherence tomography (OCT) observation revealed that no liquid water was present at the distillate-facing side of the polyamide layer. Therefore, we ascribed the super antiwetting ability to the fact that the polyamide layer could prevent the feed liquid from directly contacting hydrophobic pores. The TFC Janus membrane could also avoid the wetting induced by gypsum scaling because the polyamide layer could act as a barrier to hinder the intrusion of gypsum crystals into hydrophobic pores. In addition to the antiwetting ability, the TFC Janus membrane showed 10–20% increases in vapor flux, despite the existence of a dense polyamide layer. Because interfacial polymerization is the most commonly used method for the fabrication of commercial TFC membranes, this study provides a facile and scalable method to fabricate membranes with robust antiwetting ability.
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MOLECULES
·
2022
·Vol. 27
·期 21
·7236
·
IF 4.927
Yongkang Ye,Shengquan Dai,Hongyan Zhang,Shudong He,Wanwan Hu,Xiaodong Cao,Zhaojun Wei
In the present work, we prepared Maillard reaction products (MRPs) derived from enzyme hydrolyzed soybean meal with ultrasound assistance in an oil-(oxidized lard)-in-water system (UEL-MRPs) or oil-free system (UN-MRPs), and the effect of ultrasound on the properties of the obtained MRPs was evaluated. The analysis of fatty acids in lard with different treatments showed that ultrasound can generate more unsaturated fatty acids in the aqueous phase. The UV–Vis absorbances of UEL-MRPs, UN-MRPs, and MRPs obtained in an oil-in-water system (EL-MRPs) and MRPs obtained in an oil-free system (N-MRPs) at 294 and 420 nm indicated that ultrasound could increase the amount of Maillard reaction intermediates and melanoids in the final products of the Maillard reaction. This was in line with the result obtained from color change determination—that ultrasound can darken the resultant MRPs. Volatile analysis showed ultrasound can not only increase the number of volatile substances, but also greatly increase the composition of volatile substances in UEL-MRPs and UN-MRPs, especially the composition of those contributing to the flavor of the MRPs, such as oxygen-containing heterocycles, sulfur-containing compounds, and nitrogen-containing heterocycles. Descriptive sensory evaluation revealed that UN-MRPs and UEL-MRPs had the highest scores in total acceptance, ranking in the top two, and UEL-MRPs had the strongest meaty flavor among these four kinds of MRPs. Furthermore, the measurements of antioxidant activities, including DPPH radical-scavenging activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging ability, and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power, were conducted, showing that UN-MRPs exhibited the highest antioxidant activity among all the MRPs.Keywords:Maillard reaction;ultrasound;hydrolyzed soybean meal;oxidized lard
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PubMed
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JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS
·
2023
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IF 6
Binbin Zhang,Jiao Ma,Kaide Ou,Xin Cong,Hao Zou,Yonggui Liao,Yajiang Yang,Hong Wang
By loading 3-nitrophenylboronic acid (3-NPBA) which can react with saccharide, the fluorescence lanthanide metallogel can emit fluorescence signals at 398, 490 and 546 nm. Thus, a three-dimensional responsive fluorescence sensor array (H 6 L/Tb 3+ /3-NPBA) was prepared to recognize saccharides. Due to the typical pH responsiveness of the fluorescence behavior of the sensor array, it is suitable for H + generation systems, such as the reaction of 3-NPBA with cis -diol of saccharides. The response of fluorescence signal intensity to 15 different saccharides was measured, and the qualitative discrimination of those saccharides was investigated by principal component analysis (PCA). The results showed that PCA elliptic clusters did not overlap, even though the concentration of the saccharides was as low as 3 mmol/L, and the discrimination rate of each saccharide reached 100 %. The “double blind” experiment indicated that the sensor system has good ability to discriminate unknown component samples. Furthermore, the discrimination rate of fructose/glucose mixtures with varied mole ratios also reached 100 %. The method of Euclidean distance confirmed that there was a good linear correlation between PCA elliptic clusters of fructose and its concentration, which could realize the quantitative analysis of fructose. The results of PCA indicated that the elliptic clusters of tea drinks with various sugars and commercially available sugar-containing drinks were loosely distributed, which further confirmed that the sensor system can effectively discriminate the saccharides under the interference of complex components.
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Applied Sciences-Basel
·
2023
·Vol. 13
·期 4
·2429
·
IF 2.7
Longjun Chang,Ruya Ye,Jialing Song,Yinuo Xie,Qizhen Chen,Sien Yan,Kang Sun,Linhuo Gan
Adopting an integrated strategy to realize efficient fractionation of lignocellulose into well-defined components for its valorization is challenging. Combinatorial pretreatments in this study decomposed hemicellulose of green bamboo during hydrothermal pretreatment (HP), and the hydrothermally pretreated bamboo was subsequently subjected to delignification using deep eutectic solvent (DES) consisting of choline chloride and lactic acid, finally facilitating enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose residue. Upon hydrothermal treatment at 180 °C for 35 min, hemicellulose removal of 88.6% was achieved with xylo-oligosaccharide yield and purity of 50.9% and 81.6%, respectively. After DES treatment at 140 °C for 2 h, lignin removal was determined to be 79.1%. Notably, the regenerated lignin with high purity of 96.8% displayed superior antioxidant activity, and the decrease in the ratio of syringyl units to guaiacyl units led to a slight decrease in radical scavenging activity of lignin after five recycling runs of DES. Moreover, the two-step treated residue had much higher enzymatic digestibility than that of single HP residue and untreated green bamboo. Results show that synergistic pretreatment is a promising strategy to tackle the recalcitrance of lignocellulose towards high value-added utilization.Keywords:bamboo;hydrothermal;deep eutectic solvent;enzymatic hydrolysis;antioxidant
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2022
·Vol. 57
·期 6
·3385-3399
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IF 3.612
Yu Zhang,Kexin Li,Maobin Chen,Shangling Fang,Da Zhen,Jinghua Cao,Zhengqi Wu,Ke Zhang
Summary In this study, a novel chrysanthemum polysaccharide (CP) was obtained and investigated from Chrysanthemum morifolium tea in Hubei province, China. Molecular characterisation and emulsifying properties of the CP were elucidated. The effects of different factors, including storage time, metal ions, pH value and heat treatment, were studied on the stability of emulsion. Results showed that the mean particle diameter (MPD) ( d 32 ) varied from 5.54 to 0.49 μm with the polysaccharide concentration ranging from 0.5wt% to 3.0wt%. The MPD ( d 32 ) of emulsions stabilised by chrysanthemum tea polysaccharide (ECP) was smaller than that of GA at 2wt%, and the MPD ( d 32 ) of ECP remained stable with no stratification occurred at 25 °C for 10 days. ECP also showed good stability under acidic conditions (3.0–7.0). With increase of Na + and Ca 2+ concentration, MPD( d 32 ) and zeta potential values raised significantly, from 2.24 to 7.24 μm and from −40.52 to −35.35 mV respectively. After high-temperature heat treatment, MPD ( d 32 ) and zeta potential showed no significant change, indicating ECP presented good storage stability. In conclusion, CP helped stabilised emulsions that could be used as a natural emulsifier for future application.
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JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYCOLOGY
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2022
·Vol. 34
·期 6
·2755-2767
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IF 3.404
Huo Shuhao,Wang Huiying,Chen Jing,Hu Xinjuan,Zan Xinyi,Zhang Cunsheng,Qian Jingya,Zhu Feifei,Ma Haile,Elshobary Mostafa
The total polysaccharide content of the sugar-rich filamentous microalga Tribonema minus (Xanthophyceae, Tribonematales) under 2% CO 2 was up to 50%. The optimal conditions for the extraction of polysaccharide by hot water extraction-ethanol deposition were as follows: A maximum polysaccharide yield of 27.25% was obtained under the optimized conditions of extraction temperature 80°C, extraction time of 2 h, pH 9, and liquid to raw material 0.5:1 mL mg −1 . The crude polysaccharides were mainly acidic polysaccharides containing sulfate groups and uronic acid, and the contents of which were 14.57% and 42.21 mg g −1 , respectively. The crude polysaccharide was mainly composed of rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose, and galactose with a molar ratio of 0.31:0.26:0.40:0.42:1.00:0.47. In addition, the polysaccharide had a potential antioxidant activity in vitro. The scavenging effect and reducing power of polysaccharides increased with the increase of polysaccharide concentration. The scavenging effect was 56.11%, 75.6%, and 61.89% for 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical (DPPH), superoxide, and hydroxyl radicals at a concentration of 2 mg L −1 , respectively. Hence, T. minus polysaccharides could be a source of natural antioxidants that might be used in foods or pharmaceuticals.
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FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2022
·
IF 9.231
Yangyi Zhang,Jiamin Xu,Ting Zhang,Lina Tao,Yinghua Nie,Xichang Wang,Jian Zhong
Herein, the effect of saccharide glycosylation by nine monosaccharides on bovine bone gelatin for the stabilization of fish oil-loaded emulsions was explored. The gelatin modification was analyzed and then the emulsifying properties of monosaccharide-modified gelatins were analyzed at pH 9.0 and 3.0. The results demonstrated that glycosylated gelatin structure, droplet stability, creaming stability, and liquid-gel transition time were dependent on monosaccharide carbon numbers, monosaccharide structures, and solution pH. Glycosylation modification of gelatins did not obviously change the emulsion droplet stability at pH 9.0, whereas it increased the emulsion droplet stability at pH 3.0. Glycosylation modification of gelatins did not obviously change the emulsion creaming index values (5.1%–8.4% at pH 9.0 and 25.8%–33.1% at pH 3.0). Three-carbon and four-carbon monosaccharides glycosylation significantly increased emulsion liquid-gel transition times. This work provided useful information to understand the effects of carbon numbers and structures of monosaccharides on the protein modification.
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FUEL
·
2022
·
IF 8.035
Bin Hu,An-shuai Cheng,Wen-luan Xie,Ji Liu,Yao-bing Huang,Ling-jun Zhu,Bing Zhang,Ming-xiao Li,Li Zhao,Ti-peng Wang,Qiang Lu
Pyrolysis is a promising thermal conversion technique of biomass to tackle the energy crisis and environmental pollution. Furfural (FF) is an important pyrolysis product from biomass-based materials and a crucial platform compound for energy and fuels. In the present study, we developed a new and green approach to selectively produce FF through the oxalic acid-assisted fast pyrolysis (OAFP) of corncob (CC). The FF yield was up to 16.5 wt% (based on raw CC) through the fast pyrolysis of the solid mixture of CC and OA with a ratio of 1:4 (CC/OA) at 400 °C during the micro-pyrolysis coupled with online-detection experiments. The corresponding FF selectivity was 56.5% (based on raw CC). Under similar experimental parameters, a yield of 10.0 wt% (based on raw CC) was achieved with a lab-scale setup. Experiment and density functional theory (DFT) calculation results suggested that OA played a catalyst-like role in the selective formation of FF from hemicellulose (mainly xylose units) of CC and meanwhile decomposed during the pyrolysis process. The formic acid (FA) decomposed from OA had a similar but lighter effect than OA. With the assistance of OA, the energy barriers of the FF formation reactions decrease dramatically and the competitiveness of the pathways is also altered, which contributes a lot to the FF selective generation. FF is mainly generated in a chain propagation pattern from the acyclic reducing end and unsaturated (C4 C5 bond) non-reducing end of the xylan chain.
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CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
·
2022
·
IF 10.723
Zhuang Yue,Li-Li Sun,Shao-Ni Sun,Xue-Fei Cao,Jia-Long Wen,Ming-Qiang Zhu
The alkali-soluble hemicelluloses extracted with 10% KOH solution from corn bran were further isolated with different concentrations of aqueous ethanol solutions. Herein 92.2% of the original hemicelluloses can be obtained and the cellulase enzymatic hydrolysis rate of the alkali treated corn bran can reach to 97.2%. The corn bran hemicelluloses were mainly glucuronoarabinoxylan , in which xylose (48.4–53.8%) and arabinose (27.8–33.2%) were the main components. More linear hemicelluloses with high molecular weight tended to be precipitated in low concentration aqueous ethanol solutions. Furthermore, the relationship between the structural features of these alkali-soluble corn bran hemicelluloses and their furfural yield was investigated in MIBK (methyl isobutyl ketone)/H 2 O biphasic system. Results showed that the hemicelluloses with high xylose content are benefit to the furfural production, and the highest furfural yield of 67.7% was obtained.
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Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
·
2022
·
IF 6.073
Yi Yan-ling,Li Yao,Guo Sheng,Yan Hui,Ma Xin-fei,Tao Wei-wei,Shang Er-xin,Niu Yang,Qian Da-wei,Duan Jin-ao
Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) fruit (JF) is widely consumed as food in Asian countries due to its potential effects for human health. As a traditional Chinese medicine, JF is often used to treat anorexia, fatigue and loose stools caused by spleen deficiency syndromes in China, but the mechanism underlying this effect has not been thoroughly elucidated. In this study, a rat model of spleen deficiency syndromes was adopted to investigate the therapeutic effect of JF extract and its possible mechanism by metabolomics analyses of plasma and urine as well as the intestinal flora analysis. The results showed that the changes in plasma and urine metabolites caused by spleen deficiency were reversed after administration of JF, and these changed endogenous metabolites were mainly involved in retinol metabolism, pentose and glucuronate interconversions, nicotinate and niacinamide metabolism pathways. The 16S rDNA sequencing results showed that JF could regulate intestinal flora imbalance caused by spleen deficiency. The covariance analysis of intestinal flora structure and metabolome indicated that Aerococcus may be a candidate strain for predicting and treating the metabolic pathways of spleen deficiency and related disorders. In summary, it can be revealed that spleen deficiency, which alters metabolic profiles and the intestinal flora, could be alleviated effectively by JF extract.
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Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology
·
2022
·
IF 6.064
Wang Jing,Chen Qiaoyu,Wang Xin,Chen Kequan,Ouyang Pingkai
D-1,2,4-Butanetriol (BT) has attracted much attention for its various applications in energetic materials and the pharmaceutical industry. Here, a synthetic pathway for the biosynthesis of BT from d-arabinose was constructed and optimized in Escherichia coli. First, E. coli Trans1-T1 was selected for the synthesis of BT. Considering the different performance of the enzymes from different organisms when expressed in E. coli, the synthetic pathway was optimized. After screening two d-arabinose dehydrogenases (ARAs), two d-arabinonate dehydratases (ADs), four 2-keto acid decarboxylases (ADXs), and three aldehyde reductases (ALRs), ADG from Burkholderia sp., AraD from Sulfolobus solfataricus, KivD from Lactococcus lactis IFPL730, and AdhP from E. coli were selected for the bio-production of BT. After 48 h of catalysis, 0.88 g/L BT was produced by the recombinant strain BT5. Once the enzymes were selected for the pathway, metabolic engineering strategy was conducted for further improvement. The final strain BT5ΔyiaEΔycdWΔyagE produced 1.13 g/L BT after catalyzing for 48 h. Finally, the fermentation conditions and characteristics of BT5ΔyiaEΔycdWΔyagE were also evaluated, and then 2.24 g/L BT was obtained after 48 h of catalysis under the optimized conditions. Our work was the first report on the biosynthesis of BT from d-arabinose which provided a potential for the large-scale production of d-glucose-based BT.
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