VACUUM
·
2021
·
IF 3.627
Hua Fang,Xueyong Guo,Wei Wang,Jianxin Nie,Kehua Han,Chengcheng Wu,Shuji Wang,Di Wang,Peng Deng
The application of nano-catalytic materials in molecular perovskite energetic materials is of great significance to promote the development of molecular perovskite energetic materials in explosive formulations and propellants. In this paper, the thermal catalytic effects of CoFe-layered double hydroxide derivative on the molecular perovskite energetic material (DAP-4) were studied. In this study, we successfully prepared a new type of CoFe-based photothermal agent (CoFe-500) by heating CoFe layered double hydroxide nanosheets in an Ar atmosphere at 500 °C. And the micromorphology, structure composition , thermal decomposition performances of CoFe-500 and DAP-4/CoFe-500 composite were characterized. The experimental results showed that with the addition of CoFe-500, the initial decomposition temperature and peak exothermic temperature of DAP-4 showed a decreasing trend. With 10 wt% CoFe-500 added, the initial decomposition temperature and peak exothermic temperature of DAP-4 decreased from 305.6 °C to 166.3 °C and 379.0 °C–322.5 °C, respectively (10 °C/min heating rate). The apparent activation energy ( E a ) of pure DAP-4 is 172.27 kJ/mol and 175.13 kJ/mol calculated by the Kissinger and Ozawa method, respectively. And with 10 wt% CoFe-500 added, the E a is reduced to 119.11 kJ/mol and 122.84 kJ/mol, respectively. The possible thermal catalytic decomposition mechanism of DAP-4/CoFe-500 composites was proposed from the thermal analysis and mass spectrometry test results. This work is meaningful to further understand the decomposition performances of DAP-4 in the presence of nano-layered double hydroxide.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
·
能源材料
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DOI
高影响因子
Materials Today Communications
·
2025
·
IF 4.5
Xiaolan SONG,Jie WANG,Yi WANG,Chongwei AN,Fengsheng LI
Utilizing micro-channel technology and meticulously regulating the differential flow rates of the oil and water phases, we successfully synthesized remarkably spherical nB/F 2602 /HNS (hexanitrostilben)microspheres, measuring approximately 200 μm in diameter. The morphological and compositional characteristics of these microspheres were thoroughly analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and laser microscopy. Meanwhile, we conducted an in-depth investigation into the catalytic effects of the microspheres on the thermal decomposition of ADN(Ammonium dinitramide)/DAP-4((C 6 H 14 N 2 )[NH4(ClO 4 ) 3 ]), employing thermogravimetric-differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC) and burst point assessments. The combustion performance of ADN/DAP-4, both prior to and following the incorporation of nB/F 2602 (fluoroelastomer)/HNS microspheres, was evaluated through high-speed imaging, high-sensitivity infrared thermography, and combustion calorimetry measurements. Furthermore, this study contemplated the combustion mechanism of nB/F 2602 /HNS microspheres. The findings indicated that, after adding nB/F 2602 /HNS microspheres, the thermal decomposition activation energy of ADN/DAP-4 was significantly reduced. These results revealed that the introduction of nB/F 2602 /HNS microspheres markedly enhanced the combustion intensity of ADN/DAP-4, with the pressurization rate accelerating dramatically from 0.55 MPa/s to 3.47 MPa/s. As the burning rate escalated, the maximum combustion temperature increased from 1697°C to 1788°C, and the combustion heat surged from −4478 kJ/kg to −17593 kJ/kg. Moreover, the comparative experimental outcomes, when juxtaposed with samples based on micro-boron (μB), reveal that nano-boron (nB) exhibits a superior burning rate and combustion efficiency. Consequently, the collective findings of these experiments emphatically indicate that nB/F 2602 /HNS markedly enhances the thermolytic and combustion processes of ADN/DAP-4.
研究领域:
含能材料
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推进剂化学
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燃烧工程
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材料合成
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热分析
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DOI
高影响因子
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS
·
2022
·
IF 3.428
Jiashun Liang,Kaili Liang,Lifeng Li,Yuqi Cao,Xiong Cao
This paper investigates the effect of Fe 2 O 3 nanosheets as catalysts on the catalytic decomposition performance of DAP-4. Our laboratory has successfully fabricated Fe 2 O 3 nanosheets and DAP-4. The morphology and composition of DAP-4 and Fe 2 O 3 nanosheets were investigated using SEM, XRD and XPS. The catalytic decomposition performance of DAP-4 and DAP-4/Fe 2 O 3 nanosheets mixture samples were characterized by DSC. The results show that the synthesized Fe 2 O 3 nanosheets can reduce the activation energy of DAP-4, Fe 2 O 3 nanosheets have good catalytic activity. And calculate the relevant kinetic parameters for the mixed samples using the Kissinger equation.
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DOI
高影响因子
KOREAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
·
2025
·
IF 3.2
Liu Yang,Liang Kaili,Zhang Keqin,Du Bowen,Hu Lishuang,Yuan Zhilei,Zhang Jianren,Lu Yuewen,Yu Qi,Lv Zhixing
The output energy properties of the AP/Ti, Cl-20/Ti, HMX/Ti, and DAP-4/Ti mixtures were compared using an oxygen bomb calorimeter. The thermal decomposition processes of the above four kinds of mixed energetic materials were studied with a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), and the apparent activation energies of the mixed materials were calculated using the Kissinger equation. The combustion flames of the four energetic materials were captured through high-speed photography, and the combustion properties of the mixed energetic materials with titanium powders were analyzed. The results indicate that the combustion heat value of DAP-4/Ti mixed energetic materials is up to 10,133 J·g −1 , significantly higher than the 8613 J·g −1 of the Cl-20/Ti mixture and the 9720 J·g −1 of the HMX/Ti mixture. The combustion process of the DAP-4/Ti mixture only takes 145 ms. The heat release, burning rate, and flame strength of the DAP-4/Ti mixture are better than those of other mixed energetic materials. The calculated apparent activation energy of DAP-4/Ti mixture is 150.4 kJ·mol −1 , which is 55 kJ·mol −1 lower than that of DAP-4. The apparent activation energies of Cl-20/Ti and HMX/Ti are 173.6 kJ·mol −1 and 317.2 kJ·mol −1 , respectively. These findings demonstrate that DAP-4/Ti mixed energetic materials exhibit good energy characteristics and combustion performance.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
·
燃烧学
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DOI
高影响因子
THERMOCHIMICA ACTA
·
2026
·
IF 3.6
Junlei Song,Meng Li,Zhiran Wang,Yuexin Shao,Binbin Zhang,Hua Fang,Xiong Cao
Molecular perovskite energetic material (H 2 dabco)[NH 4 (ClO 4 ) 3 ] (DAP-4) is promising for solid propellants; however, its high ignition delay limits practical application. In this work, silver(I) fluoride (AgF) was introduced as a catalyst to prepare DAP-4/AgF composites. Their thermal decomposition and combustion performance were systematically investigated using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetry, Flynn–Wall–Ozawa isoconversional analysis, combustion testing, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. AgF was uniformly dispersed on DAP-4 particle surfaces. Increasing AgF content progressively lowered the decomposition temperature and reduced the mean apparent activation energy from 295.35 to 119.07 kJ/mol. Combustion performance initially improved and then declined, with DAP-4/AgF-1 showing the strongest response, a combustion heat of 11078 ± 84 kJ/kg, and a strand burning rate of 6.77 mm/s. The combined results are consistent with a possible AgF-associated interface-assisted modification of the overall decomposition process.
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DOI
高影响因子
BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
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2026
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IF 1.5
Liang Jiashun,Cao Xiong
This paper investigates the ignition and combustion properties of DAP-4/W mixture samples. The mixture samples were prepared by artificial mixing, and the PBXs were prepared using F2602 as a binder. The morphology and composition of DAP-4/W mixture samples were investigated using SEM and XRD. The decomposition performance of DAP-4 and DAP-4/W mixture samples was characterized by DSC. The mixture samples and PBXs were ignited using electric and chemical ignition, respectively. The results showed that the composite material composed of DAP-4 and W particles could accelerate the decomposition of DAP-4 and increase the energy release. In combustion experiments, it was found that the involvement of W particles can effectively prolong the combustion time of DAP-4, which shows that W particles can carry out a long energy supply. This work carried out in this study could be of some reference value for research in DAP-4 composites.
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DOI
高影响因子
SHOCK WAVES
·
2026
·Vol. 36
·期 1
·9
·
IF 1.8
Zhang L.,Zhao C.,Xu Z.,Shi Y.,An E.,Liang J.,Cao X.
Boron (B) is considered as a high-energy additive for solid propellants owing to its high mass and volumetric calorific values. DAP-4, a novel solid energetic material, exhibits excellent detonation performance and strong oxidizing properties, making it a promising high-energy oxidizer for solid propellants. To explore the ignition and combustion characteristics of DAP-4-based boron-containing high-energy materials, mixed powders of DAP-4 and nanometric boron (nano-B) materials with varying mass ratios were prepared through mechanical blending. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the crystalline structure of the DAP-4/nano-B mixed powder and the absence of additional compounds or phases. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations revealed that nano-B particles effectively adhered to the surface of the DAP-4 particles, with the density of attached nanometric boron increasing as its content in the samples increased. Elemental mapping and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) further validated this surface modification. TG-Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) analysis indicated good compatibility between DAP-4 and nano-B, with minimal mutual influence during thermal decomposition under heating. The ignition and combustion characteristics of the DAP-4/nano-B mixed powders were investigated using a shock tube at temperatures of 2200–3100 K and pressures of 0.1 MPa and 0.5 MPa. Results showed that both ignition delay time and burn time decreased with increasing temperature, whereas pressure had a negligible effect. As the boron content increased from 0 to 30%, the ignition delay time decreased, while the burn time initially decreased and then increased. Overall, the addition of nano-B effectively enhanced the combustion of DAP-4/nano-B mixed powders. In practice applications, the ignition and combustion performance of DAP-4 can be tailored by adjusting the mass fraction of boron powder.
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DOI
高影响因子
VACUUM
·
2026
·
IF 4.3
Meng Li,Haiting Liu,Guoliang Liu,Jiani Dong,Jia Gao,Binbin Zhang,Xueyong Guo,Hua Fang,Xiong Cao
Molecular perovskite energetic material (H 2 dabco)[NH 4 (ClO 4 ) 3 ] (DAP-4) has attracted significant attention. However, its high thermal decomposition temperature hinders its application in propellants. To reduce its reaction energy barrier and modulate its decomposition and combustion performance, the catalytic effect of copper fluoride (CuF 2 ) on the thermal decomposition and combustion behavior of DAP-4 was systematically investigated in this work. DAP-4/CuF 2 composites with different CuF 2 contents (1 wt%, 3 wt%, and 5 wt%) were prepared by a mechanical mixing method. Their morphology, thermal behavior, reaction products and combustion mechanism were comprehensively characterized by SEM, XRD, DSC, TG, high-speed combustion photography, XPS and MS. The results indicated that the CuF 2 significantly reduced the thermal decomposition temperature of DAP-4 with a maximum decrease of 35.2 °C and the apparent activation energy decreased markedly, dropping from 370.40 kJ/mol for pure DAP-4 to approximately 155.82 kJ/mol for the DAP-4/5 wt%CuF 2 . Combustion experiments revealed that both the combustion pressure and pressurization rate were enhanced. A possibly reaction mechanism of energy release of DAP-4 with CuF 2 was proposed that CuF 2 accelerated the initial decomposition of DAP-4 through proton transfer reactions between ClO 4 − /F − and NH 4 + , leading to enhancing the reaction kinetics. This study provided a new pathway for the design and fabrication of DAP-4-based energetic materials in solid propellants.
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DOI
高影响因子
Energetic Materials Frontiers
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2026
·
IF 4.7
Hua Fang,Peng-fei Zhu,Jin-xiang Yang,Xiao-le Sun,Xiong Cao,Xue-yong Guo
The DAP-4/RDX mixture was prepared by solvent suspension method. The thermal decomposition, combustion and micro-explosion experiments were carried out. The results showed that the thermal decomposition peak temperature of DAP-4/RDX was lower than that of DAP-4. RDX reduces the activation energy required for the thermal decomposition of DAP-4, reduces the maximum flame temperature but prolongs the combustion duration. The combustion peak pressure and pressurization rate of DAP-4/RDX samples are lower than those of DAP-4, and the maximum is reduced from 415.65 kPa and 68.95 kPa·ms -1 to 322.58 kPa and 23.07 kPa·ms -1 . The intensity of laser-loaded shock wave is increased after the introduction of RDX under the same conditions. The detonation heat and detonation velocity of DAP-4/RDX measured by micro-explosion are higher than those of DAP-4, the increased intensity of laser-loaded shock wave is consistent with the improved detonation heat and velocity, jointly reflecting the enhanced detonation performance of RDX to DAP-4/RDX.
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Energetic Materials
·
2023
·
IF 2.1
Hua Fang,Xueyong Guo,Liping Shi,Kehua Han,Jianxin Nie,Shuji Wang,Chengcheng Wu,Peng Deng
In order to promote the development of molecular perovskite energetic materials, studying thermal decomposition performances of AP-based molecular perovskite energetic materials ((H2dabco)[NH4(ClO4)3], DAP-4) catalyzed by metal hydrogen storage fuel is significant. In this study, the morphology, structure and thermal decomposition characteristics of TiH2, DAP-4 and DAP-4/TiH2 composite materials were characterized and investigated. The experimental results showed that the DAP-4 peak exothermic temperature at different heating rates both showed a decreasing trend with TiH2 content increased. With 20 wt% TiH2 added, the DAP-4 peak exothermic temperature decreased from 394.3 ℃ to 352.8 ℃ (10 ℃/min heating rate), and the apparent activation energy (Ea) also decreased from 201.5 KJ/mol to 182.3 KJ/mol. A possible catalytic thermal decomposition mechanism of perovskite catalyzed by TiH2 was proposed. This work is helpful to further understand the thermal decomposition characteristics of molecular perovskite energetic materials in the presence of metal hydrides.
研究领域:
材料科学
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能源材料
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热力学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
FirePhysChem
·
2026
·
IF 5.1
Ying Kang,Kaiyuan Sun,Haiting Liu,Jiani Dong,Guoliang Liu,Lianqiang Li,Haixia Zhao,Erhai An,Xiong Cao
(H 2 dabco) [NH 4 (ClO 4 ) 3 ] (DAP-4) is a multi-ionic energetic material with strong oxidizing and detonation capabilities, but its high decomposition temperature (380 °C) limits its practical use. Cobalt-doped carbon nanotube composites (Co/CNTs) with different Co loadings (0.05, 0.5, 5 mmol) were hydrothermally prepared. Their morphologies and structures were characterized, and the influence of Co/CNTs-(1-3) on the thermolysis process and combustion performance of DAP-4 was comprehensively examined. Among them, Co/CNTs-2 exhibited the strongest catalytic activity in terms of DAP-4′s thermal decomposition and combustion. It decreased the activation energy by 57.1 kJ/mol and the decomposition temperature by 32.2 °C, respectively. Furthermore, the combustion heat of DAP-4/Co/CNTs-2 was 14947 kJ/kg, which was significantly more than that of DAP-4. The addition of Co/CNTs increased the flame area and intensity of DAP-4 while shortening the flame duration and accelerating the energy release rate.
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DOI
高影响因子
Energetic Materials Frontiers
·
2026
·
IF 4.7
Yi-ming Wang,Hai-long Huang,Yun-long Zhang,Yue-wen Wang,Shao-li Chen
Energetic molecular perovskite (H 2 dabco)[NH 4 (ClO4) 3 ] (DAP-4) had attracted much attention due to their strong oxidizing ability and high energy characteristics. However, the high thermal decomposition temperature would affect their potential application in the fields of propellants. In this work, Fe-doped carbon (Fe-Carbon) composites were prepared by a simple and facile high-temperature carbonization method with the iron salt-contained biomass flour materials as carbonized porous precursor. And the influence of Fe-Carbon composites on catalytic thermal decomposition and combustion on DAP-4 was studied. The results showed that porous Fe-Carbon composites with the low contents of Fe x O y showed the intrinsic catalyzed decomposition properties towards DAP-4. With the adding of 5wt% Fe-Carbon-3, the thermal decomposition temperature of DAP-4 had reduced by 25 °C from 374 °C (DAP-4) to 349 °C (DAP-4/Fe-Carbon-3). The apparent activation energy of thermal decomposition of DAP-4 had reduced by 16.25 kJ·mol -1 with the appearance of Fe-Carbon-2. DAP-4/Fe-Carbon-3 had a shorter combustion process (∼80 s) than DAP-4 (∼110 s). The maximum combustion temperature and combustion heat had increased. The catalysis thermal decomposition and combustion mechanism of DAP-4 with Fe-Carbon was provided. Fe x O y with high dispersion at the surface of carbon materials enhanced hydrogen transfer from ammonium and protonated H 2 dabco 2+ cations to perchlorate anions, which accelerated decomposition and combustion reaction of DAP-4. This work showed a novel understand of catalysis decomposition and combustion reaction of energetic molecular perovskite by metal-doped carbonization materials.
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DOI
高影响因子
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