NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY
·
2021
·Vol. 45
·期 37
·17461-17474
·
IF 3.591
Shuili Lai,Gong Chen,Wen Hu,Baojian Liu,Xin Yang,Kai Gao
Aiming to reduce coal dust pollution and spontaneous coal combustion during coal mining, storage, and transportation, a kind of DOPO-nano-SiO2 modified polyacrylic acid-based polymer flame retardant dust suppressant for coal was fabricated using 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO), γ-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (KH550), nano-SiO2, sodium alginate (SA), and acrylic acid (AA) as raw materials, potassium persulfate (K2S2O8) and sodium bisulfite (NaHSO3) as initiator, and N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) as a cross-linking agent by the aqueous solution polymerization method. The product was characterized and analyzed by FT-IR, XPS, XRD, GPC, TG, and DSC techniques. Its flame retardant property, thermal stability, and dust suppression performance were tested, and the activation energy of the pyrolysis reaction was calculated using Flynn–Wall–Ozawa (FWO) method. Compared with the coal sample sprayed with water, the CO mass concentration of the coal sample sprayed with flame retardant dust suppressant was decreased by 80.6%, inhibition rate reached 82.8%, LOI value was 26.1%, and the UL-94 rating was V-0. Moreover, the initial degradation temperature and pyrolysis activation energy were increased by 10.6% and 108%, respectively. After spraying the flame retardant dust suppressant, the pulverized coal particles were tightly bonded together to form a flexible consolidation layer, thereby inhibiting coal dust pollution and loss. The water loss rate, wind erosion loss rate, and oscillation loss rate were decreased by 56.9%, 98.7%, and 97.5%, respectively. These results revealed that the pulverized coal sprayed with the flame retardant dust suppressant exhibited better flame retardant property, thermal stability, and dust suppression performance than that sprayed with water. In summary, the flame retardant dust suppressant prepared in this work could play a key role in inhibiting coal dust pollution and spontaneous coal combustion.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
环境工程
·
矿业工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2023
·Vol. 140
·期 41
·e54513
·
IF 3
Boyu Cai,Qing Jiang,Wendi Xu,Luze Wang,Zhonglin Luo,Biaobing Wang
A nitrogen-rich DOPO-based phosphoramide (DPAPZ) was synthesized using aminopyrazine and 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) as raw materials, and blended with polycarbonate (PC) through melting method. The chemical structure of DPAPZ was validated by FTIR, 1 H NMR and 31 P NMR. The presence of DPAPZ endowed PC/DPAPZ composites with better fire safety and smoke suppression. With the incorporation of 6 wt% DPAPZ, PC/DPAPZ-6 composite reached UL-94 V-0 rating and 30.2% of limiting oxygen index value. Simultaneously, the peak of heat release rate and total heat release of PC/DPAPZ-6 were reduced by 44.8% and 47.0% as compared with the pure PC, respectively. The DPAPZ displayed bi-phase flame retardant roles. In the gas phase, the decomposition of DPAPZ released phosphorus-containing free radicals acting as the quencher of reactive H·/OH· and nonflammable NH 3 diluting O 2 /combustible volatiles. In the condensed phase, the phosphorus-containing components were dehydrated into metaphosphoric acid or polymetaphosphate covering the surface to protect the PC matrix from further combustion, and to promote the formation of a dense carbon layer to interrupt the transmission of O 2 and volatiles between the combustion zone and the inner. The tensile strength of the composites displayed almost no change but the elongation at break decreased slightly with the addition of DPAPZ.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES
·
2018
·Vol. 29
·期 10
·2574-2582
·
IF 2.137
Xi Chen,Jun Wang,Siqi Huo,Shuang Yang,Bin Zhang,Haopeng Cai
Ternary flame-retardant modified cyanate ester blends (CEPG and CEPA) are formed by combining triazine compounds (TGIC or TAIC) and 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide with cyanate ester resin. The curing behaviors, thermal and mechanical properties, and the flame-retardant properties are investigated. The results show that the CEPG and CEPA blends result in lower curing temperatures and glass transition temperatures than those of neat CE. Both of CEPG and CEPA blends significantly improve the flame-retardant properties of CE resins, and UL-94V-0 rate is achieved for CEPG-1.0 and CEPA-0.5. The dielectric constant and loss of CEPA blends are lower than those of CEPG blend with the same phosphors content, and both of them are lower than those of neat CE. Therefore, the ternary flame-retardant modified cyanate ester blends provide 2 ways for composites of producing printed circuit board with high flame-retardant property and low dielectric constant and loss.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2015
·Vol. 133
·期 6
·
IF 1.768
Maolin Li,Yuhua Zhong,Zheng Wang,Andreas Fischer,Florian Ranft,Dietmar Drummer,Wei Wu
A novel flame-retardant composite was prepared by introducing a phosphorus-nitrogen flame retardant and DOPO-SiO 2 into PA6. DOPO-SiO 2 was synthesized successfully in a one-step process. PA6/OP1314/DOPO-SiO 2 achieved a UL 94 V-0 rating with an LOI value of 31%. The maximum mass loss rate of decomposition decreased significantly and char residue increased to 11.6 wt % compared with that of pure PA6. The compacted and dense char was formed due to the combination of the P-N flame retardant and DOPO-SiO 2 . The complex viscosity of PA6/OP1314/DOPO-SiO 2 increased considerably which tend to prevent the dripping phenomenon. The flame-retardant mechanism of PA6/OP1314/DOPO-SiO 2 was also investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy FTIR at different temperatures and the pyrolysis products were investigated by pyrolysis gas chromatography/ mass spectrum (Py-GC/MS). It was assumed that DOPO-SiO 2 and the hypophosphite of OP1314 possess excellent flame retardancy during the gaseous phase. Meanwhile, melamine and phosphate reacted with the pyrolytic products of PA6 to protect the matrix during the condensed phase. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133 , 42932.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2024
·Vol. 141
·期 42
·e56100
·
IF 2.7
Miaomiao Tian,Yajie Chen,Qiaoran Zhang,Xiaowei Zhao,Xiaohong Li,Zhijun Zhang,Zhiwei Li
Organic flame retardant 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) was used to decorate the pores of mesoporous silica (m-SiO 2 ) nanospheres to prepare a new composite flame retardant (DK-SiO 2 ). The content of DOPO in DK-SiO 2 is about 17 wt%. Due to the chemical bonding, DK-SiO 2 not only enhances the flame retardant performance, but also effectively avoids adverse effects of DOPO on the glass transition temperature and mechanical properties of epoxy resin (EP). At 9 wt% loading, the limiting oxygen index of the EP increased from 25.7 to 31.2, and successfully passed the UL-94 V-0 rating. Besides, DK-SiO 2 can significantly reduce the peak heat release rate, total heat release, and total smoke production of EP, with reductions of 26%, 32%, and 20.8%, respectively. Compared with the simple blended sample, DK-SiO 2 not only has better flame retardant performance but also shows significant advantages in thermodynamic properties. The glass transition temperature, impact, and tensile strength, as well as storage and flexural modulus have been improved. This excellent flame retardant performance is mainly attributed to the gas-condensed synergistic flame retardant mechanism between DOPO and m-SiO 2 . The good thermodynamic performance is due to the excellent dispersion of DK-SiO 2 nanospheres in the EP.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Materials
·
2022
·Vol. 15
·期 9
·3155
·
IF 3.748
Liping Chen,Zhonglin Luo,Biaobing Wang
A novel bio-based flame retardant designated AVD has been synthesized in a one-pot process via the reaction of 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phospha-phenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO), vanillin (VN), and 2- aminobenzothiazole (ABT). The structure of AVD was confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and1H and31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). The curing process, thermal stability, flame retardancy, and mechanical properties of the epoxy resin (EP) modified with AVD have been investigated comprehensively. The extent of curing, the glass transition temperature and the crosslinking density of the blend decreased gradually with increasing AVD content. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was used to demonstrate that the presence of AVD reduced the thermal decomposition rate for EP and enhanced the formation of carbon residue during resin decomposition. A blend of 7.5 wt% AVD (0.52% phosphorus) displays a UL-94V-0 rating and a LOI of 31.1%. Reduction of the peak heat release rate, total heat release rate and total smoke production was 41.26%, 35.70%, and 24.03%, respectively, as compared to the values for pure EP. The improved flame retardancy of the flame retardant epoxy (FREP) may be attributed to the formation of a compact and continuous protective char layer into the condensed phase as well as the release of non-combustible gases and phosphorus-containing radicals from the decomposition of AVD in the gas phase. AVD is a new and efficient biobased flame retardant for epoxy with great prospects for industrial applications.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2025
·
IF 2.8
Cun-ying Zhang,De-fang Zhao,Yu-hui Xie,Dong Feng,Feng Wu,Delong Xie,Yuxin Liu,Yi Mei
Polylactic acid (PLA) is well regarded for its excellent environmental friendliness; however, its flammability presents a significant barrier to wider applications. Developing highly flame-retardant PLA (with a limiting oxygen index, LOI, greater than 30%) using simple, general methods remains a challenge. In this study, maleic anhydride (MA) was used to modify 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-oxide (DOPO), enhancing its thermal stability and interaction with the PLA matrix. Additionally, by leveraging the carbonization effect of nano-SiO 2 , DOPO-MA was compounded with nanosilica to further improve PLA's flame-retardant properties. As a result, a highly flame-retardant PLA with an LOI of 31.3% and a UL-94 V-0 rating was successfully prepared using 5 wt.% DOPO-MA and 3 wt.% SiO 2 . Furthermore, total heat release (THR) and peak heat release rates (pHRR) of PLA decreased by 7% and 25%, respectively. Detailed analysis of the flame-retardant mechanism revealed that nano-SiO 2 significantly increased the residual char content and promoted the formation of a more stable graphite carbon structure. Moreover, silica effectively suppressed the generation of combustible gases in the pyrolysis products of PLA, collectively enhancing its flame-retardant properties. This study presents a straightforward and scalable approach for designing highly efficient phosphorus/silica-containing synergistic flame retardants, offering valuable insights into PLA flame retardancy.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ACS Omega
·
2020
·
IF 2.87
Maoyong Zhi,Quanyi Liu,Yinlong Zhao,Shansong Gao,Zheng Zhang,Yuanhua He
A novel MoS2–DOPO hybrid has been successfully synthesized through the grafting of 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) on the surface of MoS2 nanosheets using allyl mercaptan as an intermediate. MoS2–DOPO was used as a flame retardant additive to prepare flame-retardant flexible polyurethane foam (FPUF). The influence of MoS2–DOPO on the mechanical, thermal stability, and flame retardancy properties of FPUF composites were systematically investigated. The incorporation of MoS2–DOPO could not deteriorate greatly the tensile strength and 50% compression set of FPUF composites, but effectively improves the char residue. The cone calorimeter and smoke density tests results revealed that the peak heat release rate, total heat release, and the maximum smoke density of the MoS2–DOPO/FPUF composite were reduced by 41.3, 27.7, and 40.5%, respectively, compared with those of pure FPUF. Furthermore, the char residue after cone calorimeter tests and pyrolysis gaseous products of the MoS2–DOPO/FPUF composite were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis/infrared spectrometry. The results suggested that the MoS2–DOPO hybrid played a synergistic flame retardant effect of gas and condensed bi-phase action. In addition, a possible flame retardancy and smoke suppression mechanism of the MoS2–DOPO/FPUF composite were proposed. This study provides a facile and promising strategy for the fabrication of polymer materials with excellent flame retardancy and smoke suppression properties.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
·
燃烧学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
·
2021
·
IF 5.03
Wei Peng,Shi-bin Nie,Yu-xuan Xu,Wei Yang
In order to attain highly efficient flame retardant epoxy thermosets without deteriorating the thermo-mechanical performances, a 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene 10-oxide (DOPO)-derived compound (tetra-DOPO) with different oxidation states of phosphorus and rich aromatic structures was successfully synthesized via addition and Atherton–Todd reactions. The molecular structure of tetra-DOPO was confirmed by the FTIR, 1 H- and 31 P-NMR spectra. The DMA measurement indicated that the addition of 5.0 wt% of Tetra-DOPO enhanced both the storage modulus and the glass transition temperature of the epoxy composite. The EP composite containing 5.0 wt% of Tetra-DOPO had an LOI of 30.0% and UL-94 V-0 grade, indicating the exceptional fire-retardant efficacy of tetra-DOPO. Additionally, in the cone calorimeter test, the PHRR, THR, and TSP values of EP/tetra-DOPO-5.0 were declined by 25.1%, 18.7%, and 13.9%, respectively, as compared to those of the EP. The reduced mean EHC value suggested the flame inhibition mechanism of tetra-DOPO in the vapor phase by emitting PO• radicals to quench the combustion chain reaction. The flame retardant mechanism of Tetra-DOPO was further clarified by detecting the pyrolytic gas species using TGA-FTIR as well as analyzing the microstructure of the char residues using SEM and Raman spectrometer. The main flame retardant mode of action of Tetra-DOPO was flame inhibition in the vapor phase, while it also played a relatively minor role in the condensed phase by forming an intact and compact char layer containing high graphitized structure.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
·
2021
·
IF 5.03
Dongyue Liu,Pengfei Ji,Tianlong Zhang,Jipeng Lv,Yihua Cui
A bi-DOPO type of prepolymer for flame retardancy epoxy resins with intrinsically flame-retardant was successfully synthesized by reacting of 6,6′-((6,6′-dihydroxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3,3′-diyl) bis (propane-3,1-diyl)) bis(dibenzo[c,e][1,2] oxaphosphinine 6-oxide) (DOBP) with bisphenol A. The characterization of the cured epoxy resins, such as cone calorimeter, TGA/infrared, Raman and SEM indicated that DOBP with double 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) structure endowed the epoxy resins with excellent flame retardancy, including limiting oxygen index of 40.0%, V-0 rating in UL-94, remarkable smoke suppression and flame inhibition. The quenching effect of gaseous phase and charring effect of condensed phase of phosphaphenanthrene groups in prepolymer together contributed to the improvement on the flame retardant performance of the epoxy resins. In addition, due to the rigid structure of DOBP molecules, the cured d -FREP possessed high glass transition temperature of up to 192.9°C, and the tensile modulus of which was increased about 55% compared with the neat epoxy resins.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2024
·
IF 13.3
Delai Jiao,Hengji Zhao,Haofei Sima,Chunzu Cheng,Bo Liu,Chunling Zhang
In this work, we synthesized a 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) derivative flame retardant dopamine modified DOPO (DOPO-DA) for flame retardant thermosetting epoxy resins (EP). The effects of different amounts of flame retardants on the flame retardancy, thermal properties, and mechanical properties of EP composites were studied. Compared with the control EP, the peak heat release rate (PHRR) of EP/5 wt% DOPO-DA decreased by 26.1%. In addition, EP/5 wt% DOPO-DA reached V-0 level. It can be attributed to the quenching effect of P element and catechol groups in DOPO-DA, reducing the active free radicals. N element can release non-combustible gases to dilute the concentration of oxygen. Meanwhile, P element can promote the formation of a dense carbon protective layer and slow down the heat and oxygen transfer on the surface. In addition, DOPO-DA can also participate in the crosslinking reaction of EP as a curing promoter, reducing crosslinking density and improving tensile properties.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2020
·Vol. 138
·期 14
·50165
·
IF 2.52
Junjun Zhang,Huajun Duan,Jianfan Cao,Jiahao Zou,Huiru Ma
A high-efficiency DOPO-based reactive flame retardant (DPE) with bi-hydroxyl was successfully synthesized via reacting DOPO with imine obtained from the condensation of ethanolamine and 1,4-phthalaldehyde, and used as co-curing agent to improve the fire safety of epoxy resin (EP). Its chemical structure was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, 1 H, 31 P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra and elemental analysis. The curing behavior, thermal properties, flame-retardant properties of EP/DPE systems were investigated. The results revealed that DPE slightly decreased the glass transition temperature ( T g ), but accelerated the curing cross-linking reaction of EP. Furthermore, DPE decreased thermal degradation rate of epoxy matrix and promoted the formation of residual char at high temperature. After adding DPE, the flame retardant of epoxy thermosets was greatly improved. Especially, the thermoset modified with 5 wt% DPE achieved limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 33.6% and V-0 rating in UL-94 test, demonstrating the highly efficient flame retardancy. While its peak heat release rate (PHRR), total heat release (THR) and total smoke production (TSP) were respectively decreased by 32.6%, 17.8%, and 13.9% compared with neat EP. Moreover, the research on flame retardant mechanism disclosed that DPE played dual flame-retardant effect in the gaseous and condensed phases.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）