ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
·
2023
·
IF 9.5
Xiaojiong Zhao,Haocheng Jiang,Ping Sun,Ruichao Wei,Saihua Jiang,Jianying Hu,Shuidong Zhang
Hydrogels have attracted significant attention in various fields, such as smart sensing, human–machine interaction, and biomedicines, due to their excellent flexibility and versatility. However, current hydrogel electronic skins are still limited in stretchability, and their sensing functionality is often single-purpose, making it difficult to meet the requirements of complex environments and multitasking. In this study, we developed an MXene nanoplatelet and phytic acid-coreinforced poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) composite, denoted as MXene–PA–PVA. The strong hydrogen bonds formed by the interaction of the different components and the enhancement of chain entanglement result in a significant improvement in the mechanical properties of the PVA/PA/MXene composite hydrogel. This improvement is reflected in an increase of 271.43% in the maximum tensile strain and 35.29% in the maximum fracture stress. Moreover, the composite hydrogel exhibits excellent adhesion, water retention, heat resistance, and conductivity properties. The PVA/PA composite material combined with MXene demonstrates great potential for use as multifunctional sensors for strain and temperature detection with a strain-sensing sensitivity of 3.23 and a resistance temperature coefficient of 8.67. By leveraging the multifunctional characteristics of this composite hydrogel, electronic skin can accurately monitor human behavior and physiological reactions. This advancement opens up new possibilities for flexible electronic devices and human–machine interactions in the future.
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PubMed
高影响因子
Journal of Materiomics
·
2026
·
IF 9.6
Xing Fan,Chuanyin Xiong,Yadong Su,Xianglin Ji,Yongkang Zhang
This study proposes an innovative preparation strategy for composite phase change materials (PCMs) based on flexible polymer networks, addressing the urgent market demand for AI-compatible electronic skins. By encapsulating PCMs within a PVDF polymer framework and leveraging layered manufacturing and integrated assembly techniques, flexible composite PCMs that synergize thermal management with intelligent sensing have been successfully developed. The resulting material demonstrates dual-function superiority: 1) Thermal Performance: A single-layer packaging efficiency of 96.7% is achieved at a minimal thickness of 0.25 mm, with the photothermal/electrothermal conversion efficiency reaching 82.3% while retaining 92% of the initial enthalpy after 500 cycles. 2) Mechanical Robustness: Liquid metal films exhibit tensile strength up to 150 MPa, with hot-pressed samples demonstrating exceptional brittleness resistance. 3) Smart Integration: Real-time multimodal force sensing is achieved through force–thermal coupling effects, which were validated in photothermal/electrothermal experiments with precise temperature regulation via interruption effects. This breakthrough establishes a new paradigm for next-generation electronic skins, simultaneously fulfilling energy conversion efficiency and tactile responsiveness requirements. These findings hold significant promise for applications in medical robotics, industrial inspection, and consumer electronics, paving the way for adaptive human–machine interfaces.
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高影响因子
IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL
·
2025
·
IF 4.5
Xifan Fu,Jinxiu Liu,Hongxu Sun,Jianyu Gao,Jianning Xu,Jun Huang,Kang Liu
Electronic skin (e-skin) that can perceive thermal and tactile stimuli with high resolution enables intelligent robots a realistic haptic sensation. These e-skins usually achieve spatial perception through an array arrangement of multiple sensors. However, the resolution of most e-skins is limited to centimeter level due to the structural complexity and manufacturing difficulty. Herein, we proposed a hydrogel e-skin that realizes high-resolution spatial mapping of temperature and pressure by constructing an electrode array-thermogalvanic hydrogel-electrode array sandwich structure. This hydrogel e-skin achieves temperature and pressure dual sensing through the thermogalvanic and piezoresistive effect of the redox couple in the horizontal and vertical direction, respectively. A reference electrode for temperature sensing is introduced in the horizontal direction so that the temperature shift of the bottom electrode under external thermal stimuli will no longer affect the accuracy of thermal perception. The reduction in hydrogel thickness effectively eliminates crosstalk between pixels and achieves millimeter-level spatial resolution of both temperature and pressure. The dexterous robot hand covered by our hydrogel e-skin shows the ability of distinguishing the contact object by perceiving the external temperature and pressure distribution. Our work provides a new strategy for multifunctional e-skin with high resolution and may promote the development of human-machine interaction.
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高影响因子
Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials
·
2024
·Vol. 7
·期 5
·1-11
·
IF 23.2
Wen Xiaohong,Zhao Zengcai,Chen Yuchang,Shan Xinzhi,Zhao Xuefeng,Gao Xiumin,Zhuang Songlin
Multifunctional integrated flexible electronic skin (e-skin) is the essential medium for information exchange between humans and machines. Especially, the proximity/pressure/strain sensing has become a technological goal for various emerging wearable electronic devices, such as biomonitoring devices, smart electronics, augmented reality, and prosthetics. Herein, a stretchable hybrid electronic network-based e-skin is presented, fabricated by embedding 3D hollow MXene spheres/Ag NWs hybrid nanocomposite into PDMS, which can effectively avoid the electrode falling off due to stress concentration. This e-skin works in noncontact mode (proximity-negative capacitance) and contact mode (pressure-positive capacitance and strain-resistance) for multiplex detection of random external force stimuli without mutual interference. The macroscopic physical structure of stretchable electrodes and the microscopic hybrid three-dimensional conductive network jointly contribute to the good sensing performance of the device. This work provides an effective and universal strategy for the application of wearable intelligent electronic products that demand noncontact interaction and multimodal tactile perception.
研究领域:
材料科学
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生物医学工程
·
电子工程
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高影响因子
ACS Applied Nano Materials
·
2025
·
IF 5.5
Wei Sheng,Jianxin Zhou,Wentao Li,Wenjie Xu,Yuxi Jia,Tao Zhang,Weini Wang
Hydrogels exhibit mechanical properties very similar to biological skin, rendering them promising candidates for electronic skin (e-skin) sensors. However, these materials suffer from significant temperature-induced electrical drift and unstable interfacial contact with metallic electrodes. In this study, we employ elastic graphene foam as electrodes to realize a fully flexible hydrogel device architecture. By designing straight-line and serpentine hydrogel geometries, we enable temperature self-calibration during strain measurements. The resulting hydrogel sensor demonstrates exceptional performance, including constant strain sensitivity (GF = 2.44 with linearity R2 = 0.9999), rapid strain dynamic response (70 ms), low strain detection limit (0.05%), and low temperature drift. This approach not only addresses critical limitations in hydrogel-based sensing platforms but also establishes a robust framework for developing more reliable and versatile flexible sensors.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
传感器技术
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高影响因子
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
·
2026
·
IF 7.8
Yuhao Zhu,Ruoyi Liu,Shuai Huang,Junjie Weng,Renfeng Gong,Ziqiang Xiang,Lie Chen,Yong Zhang,Kehong Lv,Jing Qiu,Ying Liu,Guanjun Liu,Qingshan Wu
Robotic grasping faces a fundamental trade-off between strong adhesion and easy, rapid release, particularly when handling fragile or heavy objects. While thermoresponsive tunable adhesives have been developed to decouple this conflict by enabling tunable adhesion via temperature changes, the lack of real-time tactile feedback limits adaptive control during dynamic manipulation. Inspired by the adhesive–tactile synergy observed in tree frog toe pads, we present a multifunctional electronic skin (e-skin) that integrates a temperature-regulated adhesive layer with a tactile perception layer for closed-loop manipulation. The adhesive layer, made of a PDMA-co-LMA (Poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide-co-lauryl methacrylate)) copolymer, provides strong adhesion (143.46 kPa at 25 °C) and rapid release (5.41 kPa at 85 °C, a 96.23% reduction). The tactile layer, based on a clay-reinforced PDMA/ILs (ionic liquids) ionogel, exhibits a wide linear range (0–300 kPa, R2 = 0.998) and high sensitivity (13.129 kPa–1). Coupled with a real-time slip detection algorithm, the system achieves over 95% success in preventing slip and object damage. By merging tunable adhesion with tactile perception, this e-skin enables robust, adaptive, and nondestructive grasping in dynamic environments and provides a promising strategy for intelligent robotic grasping.
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高影响因子
Nature Communications
·
2026
·
IF 18.1
Yidan Chen,Shu Wang,Xilu Ye,Chenghui Lv,Jialin Wei,Yingxin Zhang,Jianfeng Ping,Yibin Ying,Lingyi Lan
The human fingertip skin, with its interlocked epidermal-dermal architecture and dense tactile receptors, enables unique perception and inspires the design of innovative electronic skin (e-skin). However, most e-skin materials fail to replicate the hierarchical integration of composition, structure, and function found in natural skin. Drawing direct inspiration from the dermal extracellular matrix–a composite hydrogel reinforced by a collagen-hyaluronic acid, here we report an e-skin that mimics key composition and architectural features of human skin. By incorporating sodium lactate and montmorillonite nanosheets into a gelatin matrix, we engineer a biomimic gel with mechanical and hydration properties similar to those of natural skin through dynamic ionic crosslinking and hydrogen bond networks. The microstructure resembling the dermal papillae is designed using a sandpaper-templating strategy. The resulting iontronic sensor achieves high sensitivity (466.3 kPa −1 ), rapid response (47 ms), and a wide pressure detection range (20 Pa–2000 kPa). We further develop a stretchable, ultrathin, hand-shaped iontronic sensor array that integrates seamlessly with a dexterous robotic hand, achieving precise, nondestructive grasping and high-fidelity, multichannel pressure mapping. Hydrogels are promising materials for electronic skins and devices, though it is challenging to mimic the composition and architectural features of human skin. Here the authors use a sandpaper templating strategy for a gelatin based hydrogel electronic skin.
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高影响因子
BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS
·
2025
·
IF 10.5
An Tang,Jiachen Wang,Jia-Li Xu,Jun-Tao Liu,Tianpeng Xu,Qiang Zhang,Yu Tian
The integration of visualization and electrical feedback in biomimetic electronic skin (E-skin) for real-time motion tracking has attracted significant attention in wearable electronics. To facilitate human-readable interactive feedback and improve the overall performance of E-skin, particularly regarding mechanical compliance, sensitivity, and stability, we propose a novel high-performance photonic-ionic skin (PI-skin) based on mechanochromic photonic ionogel. The PI-skin, prepared by incorporating aligned magnetic colloids into an ionogel matrix, integrates interactive structural coloration and electrical responses to external stimuli, achieving dual-mode precise motion recognition. Due to the enhanced hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions within the ionogel matrix, the PI-skin exhibits excellent mechanical properties (tensile strain >1000%), remarkable adhesive strength (peeling force >7 kPa), high sensitivity (gauge factor = 1.42 at straining 0%–300% and 2.71 at straining 300%–500%), rapid response time (120 ms), and exceptional mechanical compliance (>500 continuous cycles). More importantly, such PI-skin demonstrates ultrafast and highly accurate optical/electrical dual-signal motion detection, thereby facilitating posture correction during sitting and encoding of vocal cord vibrations during speech. We anticipate that this versatile PI-skin will possess substantial potential in the field of wearable electronics, and may inspire the design of next-generation E-skin for human-computer interaction and personalized healthcare applications.
研究领域:
生物医学工程
·
材料科学
·
可穿戴设备
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
CARBON
·
2023
·
IF 10.9
Xuewei Shi,Alamusi Lee,Bo Yang,Lingxiao Gao,Huiming Ning,Kaiyan Huang,Xiaolin Luo,Lidan Zhang,Jiaofei Zhang,Chao Yang,Bin Gu,Ning Hu
Artificial hydrogel electronic skin (E-skin) sensing systems have received considerable attention due to their ability in providing tactile perception. Recent advancements in hydrogel E-skin have allowed for simultaneous sensing of touch position and pressure through construction of sensor arrays. However, the fabrication process is complex, and the sensing resolution is limited by the size and number of array cells. Here, we report a multi-modal sensory E-skin based on a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel embedded with carbon nano-materials, which can recognize touch position and pressure simultaneously without constructing arrays. Combining the advantages of high electron transfer efficiency of 1D nanotube and 2D graphene nanosheet, the 3D hierarchical cross-linked polydopamine (PDA) modified reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/carboxylic multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT-COOH) composites were proposed as a conductive filler, which was added by nano-doping to hydrogel substrate to gain an elastic modulus and stretchability of the hydrogel similar to that of human skin. Meanwhile, a surface-capacitive touch (SCT) system and piezoresistive technology were adopted to sense touch position and pressure due to the stability of conductive networks and the piezoresistive properties of carbon nanomaterials. Our E-skin device demonstrates superior sensing performance and provides a new direction for designing novel E-skin sensor devices.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
生物医学工程
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高影响因子
Advanced Science
·
2023
·Vol. 10
·期 31
·2304121
·
IF 15.1
Shengshun Duan,Xiao Wei,Fangzhi Zhao,Huiying Yang,Ye Wang,Pinzhen Chen,Jianlong Hong,Shengxin Xiang,Minzhou Luo,Qiongfeng Shi,Guozhen Shen,Jun Wu
As key interfaces for the disabled, optimal prosthetics should elicit natural sensations of skin touch or proprioception, by unambiguously delivering the multimodal signals acquired by the prosthetics to the nervous system, which still remains challenging. Here, a bioinspired temperature-pressure electronic skin with decoupling capability (TPD e-skin), inspired by the high-low modulus hierarchical structure of human skin, is developed to restore such functionality. Due to the bionic dual-state amplifying microstructure and contact resistance modulation, the MXene TPD e-skin exhibits high sensitivity over a wide pressure range and excellent temperature insensitivity (91.2% reduction). Additionally, the high-low modulus structural configuration enables the pressure insensitivity of the thermistor. Furthermore, a neural model is proposed to neutrally code the temperature-pressure signals into three types of nerve-acceptable frequency signals, corresponding to thermoreceptors, slow-adapting receptors, and fast-adapting receptors. Four operational states in the time domain are also distinguished after the neural coding in the frequency domain. Besides, a brain-like machine learning-based fusion process for frequency signals is also constructed to analyze the frequency pattern and achieve object recognition with a high accuracy of 98.7%. The TPD neural system offers promising potential to enable advanced prosthetic devices with the capability of multimodality-decoupling sensing and deep neural integration.
研究领域:
生物医学工程
·
材料科学
·
神经科学
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PubMed
高影响因子
Journal of Materials Chemistry C
·
2018
·Vol. 7
·期 3
·578-585
·
IF 5.976
Yibo Yang,Jize Liu,Jie Cao,Zehang Zhou,Xinxing Zhang
Despite the wide range of applications of flexible strain sensors, most of them use covalently crosslinked elastomers as a stretchable matrix, which may cause potential environmental problems via the disposal of worn-out devices. To mitigate this environmental threat, endowing sensors with self-repairability can be a simple and effective way to prolong their service lives. However, most current self-repairing sensors require complicated syntheses, in which hazardous solvents and reagents are always needed. Therefore, it remains challenging to develop an environment-friendly self-repairing sensor. Here, we report a sustainable self-repairing strain sensor based on naturally-derived supramolecular elastomer and green-synthesized silver nanofibers. This E-skin sensor features a high conductivity (≥104 S m−1), low percolation threshold (0.32%), high sensitivity (gauge factor ∼405.6) and desirable real-time (≤30 s) self-repairability after damage. This work may pave the way for the development of renewable, biocompatible and self-repairing next-generation wearable electronic devices.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
环境科学
·
生物医学工程
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DOI
高影响因子
ACS Applied Polymer Materials
·
2026
·
IF 5.2
Yufei Cao,Pengyu Zhu,Shuo Yang,Wenwen Wu,Dongli Fan,Peng Zhu,Haiyan Ma,Hongbin Lu,Jie Liu,Yufeng Cao,Tao Qian
Conventional flexible sensors often face a compromise between mechanical properties and self-healing ability, which severely limits their long-term usability and functional reliability. In this work, we report a series of polyurethane elastomers synergistically reinforced by multiple hydrogen bonds and disulfide bonds, which integrates high mechanical strength and autonomous self-healing ability. The optimized composition, PU-BHO0.3-BHDS0.7, achieved an excellent breaking strength of ∼39.73 MPa, an elongation at break of ∼1568.61%, and a fracture energy of ∼157.75 kJ·m–2. It also exhibited an ultrahigh self-healing efficiency of ∼99.29% at room-temperature, retaining ∼85.90% even at −18 °C. Based on this elastomer, we fabricated a multilayer resistive sensor using liquid gallium (LG) and carbon black (CB) as conductive electrodes. The healed sensor maintained a gauge factor and resistance response nearly identical to its original state, demonstrating complete functional restoration. This work provides a feasible strategy for developing high-performance self-healing materials suitable for durable flexible electronic devices, such as human motion sensors.
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高影响因子
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