INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
·
2022
·Vol. 23
·期 18
·10208
·
IF 6.208
Chen Gong,Daiying Xu,Daiyuan Sun,Xue Zhang
For optimal proteolytic function, the proteasome core (CP or 20S) must associate with activators. The cAMP-PKA pathway is reported to affect the activity of the proteasome in humans. However, the relationship between the proteasome and PKA is not well characterized. Our results showed that the major catalytic subunit Cpk1 was degraded without the protection of Pkr. Eleven (out of 67)pkrsuppressors had FgBlm10 C-terminal truncation, one suppressor had an amino acid change mutation in thePRE6 ortholog (FGRRES_07282), and one in thePRE5 ortholog (FGRRES_05222). These mutations rescued the defects in growth and conidial morphology, Cpk1 stability, and PKA activities in thepkrmutant. The interaction of FgBlm10 with FgPre5 and FgPre6 were detected by co-immunoprecipitation, and the essential elements for their interaction were characterized, including the FgBlm10 C-terminus, amino acid D82 of FgPre6 and K62 of FgPre5. Additional FgBlm10-interacting proteins were identified in the wild type andpkrmutant, suggesting that PKA regulates the preference of FgBlm10-mediated proteasome assembly. In addition, PKA indirectly affected the phosphorylation of FgBlm10, and its localization in the nucleus. The truncation of the FgBlm10 C terminus also enhanced nuclear import and bleomycin resistance, suggesting its role in proteasome assembly at DNA damage sites. Collectively, our data demonstrated that regulation between PKA and proteasome degradation is critical for the vegetative growth ofF. graminearum.Keywords:FgBlm10;26S proteasome;PKA;degradation;Fusarium graminearum
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PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY
·
2021
·
IF 3.963
Chao Xu,Hongzhou Chen,Qinyan Wu,Yuqi Wu,Paul Daly,Jian Chen,Hongfu Yang,Lihui Wei,Yiqing Zhuang
Fusarium head blight( FHB )caused by Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC) is one of the most important diseases around the world. Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a type of mycotoxin produced by FGSC when infecting cereal crops . It is a serious threat to the health of both humans and livestock. Trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase ( TPP ), a conserved metabolic enzyme found in many plants and pathogens, catalyzes the formation of trehalose. N-(phenylthio) phthalimide (NPP) has been reported to inhibit the normal growth of nematodes by inhibiting the activity of TPP , but this inhibitor of nematodes has not previously been tested against F. graminearum . In this study, we found that TPP in F. graminearum (Fg TPP ) had similar secondary structures and conserved cysteine (Cys356) to nematodes by means of bioinformatics. At the same time, the sensitivity of F. graminearum strains to NPP was determined. NPP exhibited a better inhibitory effect on conidia germination than mycelial growth . In addition, the effects of NPP on DON biosynthesis and trehalose biosynthesis pathway in PH-1 were also determined. We found that NPP decreased DON production, trehalose content, glucose content and TPP enzyme activity but increased trehalose-6-phosphate content and trehalose-6-phosphate synthase ( TPS ) enzyme activity. Moreover, the expression of TR I 1 , TR I 4 , TR I 5 , TR I 6 , and TPP genes were downregulated, on the contrary, the TPS gene was upregulated. Finally, in order to further determine the control ability of NPP on DON production in the field, we conducted a series of field experiments, and found that NPP could effectively reduce the DON content in wheat grain and had a general control effect on FHB. In conclusion, the research in this study will provide important theoretical basis for controlling FHB caused by F. graminearum and reducing DON production in the field.
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Food Bioscience
·
2024
·
IF 4.8
Yan Zhu,Yameng Gao,Wenke Wang,Wenjie Kan,Caiguo Tang,Lifang Wu
Fusarium graminearum ( F. graminearum ) poses a substantial threat to global food security, with its impact closely linked to environmental conditions. This study aims to anticipate F. graminearum spore growth across diverse environments and assess alterations in the fungistatic capacity of hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) gas in response to environmental variations. The experimental data, namely spore germination ratios, are monitored and recorded at hourly intervals across 100 permutations comprising four distinct temperature levels, five varying pH values, and five diverse concentrations of H 2 S. The investigation integrates three environmental factors as input variables, utilizing a feedforward neural network to establish growth boundaries based on spore germination ratios. The accuracy of models at various stages–training, validation, and testing–is evaluated using a confusion matrix. Logistic regression models are employed for effectiveness comparison with neural networks. Results indicate that neural networks successfully predict F. graminearum spore germination events. Notably, H 2 S does not influence the temperature preferences of spores. Temperature has a more substantial impact on the fungistatic ability of H 2 S compared to pH. The study reveals the adaptability of F. graminearum spores to adverse conditions over time. This research delves into temperature, pH, and H 2 S synergistic effects on spore germination, contributing to predictive models for F. graminearum and enhancing our understanding of how environmental factors regulate its growth.
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Toxins
·
2016
·Vol. 8
·期 11
·335
·
IF 3.571
Ye Tian,Yanglan Tan,Na Liu,Zheng Yan,Yucai Liao,Jie Chen,Sarah De Saeger,Hua Yang,Qiaoyan Zhang,Aibo Wu
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a mycotoxin mainly produced by theFusarium graminearumcomplex, which are important phytopathogens that can infect crops and lead to a serious disease calledFusariumhead blight (FHB). As the most common B type trichothecene mycotoxin, DON has toxic effects on animals and humans, which poses a risk to food security. Thus, efforts have been devoted to control DON contamination in different ways. Management of DON production byTrichodermastrains as a biological control-based strategy has drawn great attention recently. In our study, eight selectedTrichodermastrains were evaluated for their antagonistic activities onF. graminearumby dual culture on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium. As potential antagonists,Trichodermastrains showed prominent inhibitory effects on mycelial growth and mycotoxin production ofF. graminearum. In addition, the modified mycotoxin deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside (D3G), which was once regarded as a detoxification product of DON in plant defense, was detected whenTrichodermawere confronted withF. graminearum. The occurrence of D3G inF. graminearumandTrichodermainteraction was reported for the first time, and these findings provide evidence thatTrichodermastrains possess a self-protection mechanism as plants to detoxify DON into D3G when competing withF. graminearum.Keywords:mycotoxin;toxigenicFusarium;biological control;Trichoderma;modified mycotoxin
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2025
·
IF 13.2
Shiqi Zhu,Jinzhe Chang,Chaomei Luo,Abdul Salam,Jun Liu,Yongqing Wang,Zhixiang Zhang,Chen Zhao
Soil-borne diseases severely threaten global crop production and urgently require pesticide formulations with targeted effects to improve control efficiency. In this study, a one-pot synthesis method combined with solvent ratio screening was used to successfully prepare Pyr@ZIF-NH₂ loaded with pyraclostrobin (Pyr) achieving a high encapsulation efficiency of 97.42 % and a pesticide loading rate of 20.59 %. The Pyr@ZIF-NH 2 was modified with pectin to obtain Pyr@ZIF@P (119.4 nm), and its successful synthesis was confirmed through characterization. Pyr@ZIF@P enhanced the UV photostability of Pyr and effectively inhibited the growth of Fusarium graminearum , resulting in mycelial malformation. In vitro release studies showed significantly higher Pyr release under acidic, pectinase-rich conditions (mimicking infection sites) with cumulative releases rates of 83.1 % and 74.11 % within 72 h. Foliar application revealed that Pyr@ZIF@P improved foliar retention and promoted downward translocation compared to the commercial suspension, thereby enhancing the control of soil-borne diseases. Moreover, root deaching of Pyr@ZIF@P resulted in more substantial accumulation of active Pyr in the stem, thereby enhancing the control of Fusarium graminearum. Additionally, the zinc-based framework of Pyr@ZIF@P not only facilitates pesticide delivery but also contributes to enhanced root development in wheat seedlings. Taken together, this study presents a novel approach for controlling soil-borne diseases and supporting sustainable agricultural production.
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JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2025
·
IF 6.2
Chengqi Zhang,Ying Wang,Ziyun He,Aoran Wang,Zikuo Li,Xuheng Gao,Haoxue Xia,Wende Liu,Guangfei Tang
Fusarium graminearum is a preeminent fungal pathogen exacting a heavy toll on global crop production. Fludioxonil, a highly effective broad-spectrum fungicide, has been extensively deployed to mitigate the devastation wrought by F. graminearum. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms of fludioxonil resistance in this pathogen remain largely enigmatic. In this study, we identify a novel point mutation (L837F) in FgOs1 (osmosensor-like histidine kinase), which is located in the HIS_KIN (histidine kinase) domain. Biological assays revealed that the FgOs1L837F mutation reduced the ability of F. graminearum to adapt to low-temperature stress, osmotic stress, and metal ion stress and also decreased its pathogenicity. Additionally, this mutation did not confer cross-resistance to the fungicides phenamacril, tebuconazole, and carbendazim. To facilitate field monitoring, we employed allele-specific PCR (AS-PCR) to detect FgOs1L837F point mutation in F. graminearum. This study offers crucial support for fungal disease control and crop protection.
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INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
·
2023
·
IF 5.9
Dicheng Ma,Tao Zhang,Guoxian Wang,Chong Cao,Wei Mu,Beixing Li,Daolong Dou,Feng Liu
Trans -2-hexenal (T2H) shows satisfactory antagonistic activity against Fusarium graminearum , but its strong volatility and poor water solubility limit its further application in Fusarium head blight (FHB) control. In this study, T2H-loaded polyurea microcapsules (PU MCs) with different particle sizes were successfully prepared by an interfacial polymerization method, and the effect of MC encapsulation on the physical property limitations and bioactivity of T2H was evaluated. After being encapsulated, lipophilic T2H could be stably dispersed in water. MC encapsulation reduced the fumigation toxicity of T2H but increased its contact toxicity. The smaller the particle size was, the higher the toxicity of PU MCs to F. graminearum was. After 6 d of application, the inhibition rate of T2H against F. graminearum decreased by 77.26%, while that of T2H-loaded PU MCs with small particle sizes (T2H-loaded PU MCs-S) decreased by 54.29%, indicating that MC encapsulation prolonged the inhibition time of T2H. The results of the inoculation assay showed that MC encapsulation improved the inhibitory effect of T2H on F. graminearum infection and DON production in stored wheat kernels. Furthermore, seed soaking with T2H-loaded PU MCs-S reduced the pathogenic fungal load of wheat seeds and had no significant effect on seed germination. In conclusion, T2H encapsulated in MCs can be developed as a plant protection product for postharvest and presowing treatment of wheat.
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Analytical Methods
·
2014
·Vol. 6
·期 17
·6651-6657
·
IF 1.938
Zhiyong Zhao,Suquan Song,Na Liu,Qinxiong Rao,Jiafa Hou,Sarah De Saeger,Aibo Wu
Food safety monitoring and toxicological research of mycotoxins are still in need of large quantities of high-purity deoxynivalenol (DON). To attain this purpose, a rapid, economical and reproducible purification method was developed for large-scale production of DON from rice culture inoculated with a DON-producing Fusarium graminearum strain JYH. The inoculated rice culture was first extracted with acetonitrile–water (84/16, v/v). The extracts were evaporated to dryness on a rotary evaporator after ethyl acetate partitioning and then dissolved in water followed by the final purification procedure through preparative high performance liquid chromatography and montmorillonite treatment. A combined approach of ultraviolet spectrometry (UV), ultra high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC), mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was applied for the multi-dimensional characterization of the target compound. As a result, the recovery of DON from the crude extract to the final product was up to 70%. An amount of 150 mg DON with the desirable purity of 98.93% could be obtained from 100 g of rice culture, which possessed identical immunochemical characteristics compared to a certified commercial DON standard. This proposed strategy might act as a valuable reference to obtain rather expensive compounds in a straightforward way.
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Stress Biology
·
2023
·Vol. 3
·期 1
·1-17
·
IF 0
Duan Kaili,Shen Qifang,Wang Yu,Xiang Ping,Shi Yutong,Yang Chenfei,Jiang Cong,Wang Guanghui,Xu Jin-Rong,Zhang Xue
Plant hormones are important for regulating growth, development, and plant-pathogen interactions. Some of them are inhibitory to growth of fungal pathogens but the underlying mechanism is not clear. In this study, we found that hyphal growth of Fusarium graminearum was significantly reduced by high concentrations of IAA and its metabolically stable analogue 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Besides inhibitory effects on growth rate, treatments with 2,4-D also caused significant reduction in conidiation, conidium germination, and germ tube growth. Treatments with 2,4-D had no obvious effect on sexual reproduction but significantly reduced TRI gene expression, toxisome formation, and DON production. More importantly, treatments with 2,4-D were inhibitory to infection structure formation and pathogenesis at concentrations higher than 100 µM. The presence of 1000 µM 2,4-D almost completely inhibited plant infection and invasive growth. In F. graminearum , 2,4-D induced ROS accumulation and FgHog1 activation but reduced the phosphorylation level of Gpmk1 MAP kinase. Metabolomics analysis showed that the accumulation of a number of metabolites such as glycerol and arabitol was increased by 2,4-D treatment in the wild type but not in the Fghog1 mutant. Transformants expressing the dominant active FgPBS2 S451D T455D allele were less sensitive to 2,4-D and had elevated levels of intracellular glycerol and arabitol induced by 2,4-D in PH-1. Taken together, our results showed that treatments with 2,4-D interfere with two important MAP kinase pathways and are inhibitory to hyphal growth, DON biosynthesis, and plant infection in F. graminearum .
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mBio
·
2025
·
IF 4.7
Kaili Duan,Shaozhe Qin,Fangling Cui,Liangyuan Zhao,Yongqing Huang,Jin-Rong Xu,Guanghui Wang
Deoxynivalenol (DON), a mycotoxin primarily produced by Fusarium species, is commonly found in cereal grains and poses risks to human and animal health, as well as global grain trade. This study demonstrates that methyl jasmonate (MeJA), a natural plant hormone, inhibits the growth and conidiation of Fusarium graminearum. Importantly, MeJA significantly reduces DON production by suppressing TRI gene expression and toxisome formation. To explore the molecular mechanism, we identified MeJA-tolerant mutants, including a transcription factor MRT1 and cAMP-PKA pathway-related genes (FgGPA1 and FgSNT1). MeJA treatment reduced PKA activity and intracellular cAMP levels in F. graminearum, suggesting it targets the cAMP-PKA pathway. Notably, the MeJA-resistant mutant FgGPA1R178H enhanced fungal growth, DON production, and cAMP levels in the presence of MeJA. Exogenous cAMP alleviated MeJA’s inhibitory effects on DON production, further supporting this pathway’s involvement. Interestingly, MeJA had no effect on all three MAP kinase pathways (Mgv1, Gpmk1, and FgHog1). Truncated and phospho-mimicking mutations in Mrt1 or FgSnt1 conferred MeJA resistance, suggesting they may act downstream of the cAMP-PKA pathway. In conclusion, MeJA presents a promising approach to control F. graminearum growth and DON production.
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CHEMOSPHERE
·
2023
·
IF 8.8
Yunlei Zhou,Zhuangzhuang Wang,Huanshun Yin,Xiaoting Cui,Ying Tian,Zhen Qiao,Suo Wang,Runye Hu,Wenjing Lv,An Mao,Jun Wang
2D Ag/BiOCl/Bi 2 O 2 CO 3 S-scheme heterojunction was prepared with oxygen vacancy (OVs) via one-pot hydrothermal method. The XRD and XPS analysis indicated the synthesized sample contained Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) instead of Ag ions. The SEM and HRTEM pictures showed that BiOCl/Bi 2 O 2 CO 3 nanosheets were modified with AgNPs. Compared with AgNPs, BiOCl, and Bi 2 O 2 CO 3 , Ag/BiOCl/Bi 2 O 2 CO 3 exhibited highly photocatalytic inactivation of pathogenic fungi ( Fusarium graminearum ) due to the wide light absorption range and S-scheme heterojunction structure, which improved the production and transfer of photogenerated carrier, and enhanced the separation of photogenerated e − /h + pairs. In addition, the improved photocatalytic disinfection against Fusarium graminearum of Ag/BiOCl/Bi 2 O 2 CO 3 was verified in Sedeveria Letizia plant . Furthermore, active species capture assay and ESR experiments disclosed the involvement of OVs, h + , ∙O 2 − , ∙OH, and – for Fusarium graminearum destruction during photocatalysis process. The S-scheme heterojunction was proved via oxygen vacancy, which was extensively beneficial to increase charge transmission and separation efficiency. Our work proposed Ag/BiOCl/Bi 2 O 2 CO 3 was an efficient and ecological fungicide to inactive Fusarium graminearum in vitro and vivo for crop disease .
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Frontiers in Microbiology
·
2024
·
IF 4
Li Qian,Wang Chong,Xiao Hongying
Fusarium graminearum (F. graminearum) is a severe pathogen threatening the safety of agriculture and food. This study aimed to explore the antifungal efficacies of several plant-derived natural compounds (vanillin and its derivatives) against the growth of F. graminearum and investigate the antifungal mechanism of 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde (HMB), the strongest one. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of HMB in inhibiting mycelial growth was 200 μg/mL. HMB at MIC damaged cell membranes by increasing the permeability by about 6-fold (p < 0.05) as evidenced by propidium iodide (PI) staining. Meanwhile, the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glycerol was increased by 45.91 and 576.19% by HMB treatment at MIC, respectively, indicating that lipid oxidation and osmotic stress occurred in the cell membrane. Furthermore, HMB exerted a strong antitoxigenic role as the content of deoxynivalenol (DON) was remarkably reduced by 93.59% at MIC on 7th day. At last, the antifungal effect of HMB against F. graminearum was also confirmed on wheat grains. These results not only revealed the antifungal mechanism of HMB but also suggested that HMB could be applied as a promising antifungal agent in the preservation of agricultural products.
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