Journal of Energetic Materials
·
2024
·
IF 1.7
Shijiao Li,Kai Han,Haoxing Cao,Fubing Gao,Yurong Zhang,Handong Shi,Xiaoying Cheng,Chongwei An,Jingyu Wang
Using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) aqueous solution and polyethyleneimine (PEI) ethanol solution as the composite bonding system, adding a certain amount of silicone defoamer and toluene diisocyanate (TDI), studied the micro-size charge forming effect of sub-micron Octogen (HMX)-based composite ink under the 3D direct writing printing process and the detonation performance and safety of sub-micron Octogen (HMX) under micro-size charges. The results show that the explosive ink with a solid content (quality score) of 90% has the best rheological properties, excellent printability, and the surface of the molded sample is smooth. The impact energy and friction of the molded sample are 7 J and 324 N, respectively, which are lower than those of the raw material HMX 100% and 237.5%, showing excellent mechanical sensitivity safety performance. In addition, XRD and FTIR show that the HMX crystal form in the composite ink remains β-type, the measured density of the molded sample is 1.432 g·cm−1, the detonation velocity is 6982 m·s−1, and the critical detonation size is 1 × 0.0771 mm, showing excellent microchannel detonation performance.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
爆炸化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
·
2022
·
IF 5.767
Qianqian He,Jun Wang,Yaofeng Mao,Wei Cao,Jie Chen,Fude Nie
To improve and adjust the combustion and energy output of HMX/Al, graphite fluoride (CF) as oxidizer was introduced in HMX/Al and gradient structured HMX/Al/CF was prepared by additive manufacturing technology . For HMX/Al added with CF, a significantly exothermic peak is observed ranging from 860 to 950 °C due to the reaction of Al and fluorine derived from CF decomposition, and the heat release increases by 106.63% compared to that of HMX/Al. The fourth exothermic heat increases from 161.48 to 955.25 J/g with the increased Al content from 10 to 30 wt%. Moreover, the combustion rate and pressure output of HMX/Al have been improved by introducing CF. For HMX/Al added with CF, the combustion time decreases from 10.3 to 2.5 s, which is dependent on the Al content from 10 to 30 wt%. And the highest peak pressure is 1712.2 kPa when Al content is 20 wt% in HMX/Al/CF composites. Furthermore, gradient structured HMX/Al/CF consisting of three layers with Al content of 10, 20 and 30 wt% was prepared to improve combustion and pressure output. The combustion rate and peak pressure of gradient structured HMX/Al/CF are higher than those of single structured HMX/Al/CF. The highest peak pressure (∼2.24 MPa) is obtained when the Al content of the middle layer and outer layer is 30 wt% and 20 wt% in the gradient structured HMX/Al/CF cylinder, respectively. Finally, the reaction intermediates and combustion reaction products were fully characterized to understand the enhanced effect of CF in HMX/Al. This work provides a promoting way to improve and regulate the combustion reaction performance and pressure output of HMX/Al.
研究领域:
材料科学
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燃烧学
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能源材料
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
Nature Communications
·
2022
·Vol. 13
·期 1
·1-7
·
IF 17.694
Li Jie,Liu Yubing,Ma Wenqi,Fei Teng,He Chunlin,Pang Siping
The design and synthesis of novel energetic compounds with integrated properties of high density, high energy, good thermal stability and sensitivities is particularly challenging due to the inherent contradiction between energy and safety for energetic compounds. In this study, a novel structure of 4-amino-7,8-dinitropyrazolo-[5,1- d ] [1,2,3,5]-tetrazine 2-oxide (BITE-101) is designed and synthesized in three steps. With the help of the complementary advantages of different explosophoric groups and diverse weak interactions, BITE-101 is superior to the benchmark explosive HMX in all respects, including higher density of 1.957 g·cm −3 , highest decomposition temperature of 295 °C (onset) among CHON-based high explosives to date and superior detonation velocity and pressure ( D : 9314 m·s −1 , P : 39.3 GPa), impact and friction sensitivities ( IS : 18 J, FS : 128 N), thereby showing great potential for practical application as replacement for HMX, the most powerful military explosive in current use.
研究领域:
化学
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
Defence Technology
·
2024
·
IF 5
Xiaomin Song,Longjin Huang,Rufang Peng,Qi Huang,Jinjiang Xu,Jie Sun
The interfacial interaction between HMX molecules and coating materials is the key to the safety performance of explosives and has received extensive attention. However, screening suitable coating agents to enhance the interfacial effect to obtain high-energy and low-sensitivity explosives has long been a major challenge. In this work, HMX-PEI/rGO/g-C 3 N 4 (HPrGC) composites were innovatively prepared by a multi-level coating strategy of two-dimensional graphite rGO and g-C 3 N 4 . The g-C 3 N 4 used for desensitization has a rich π-conjugated system and shows outstanding ability in reducing friction sensitivity. The hierarchical structure of HPrGC formed by electrostatic self-assembly and π-π stacking can effectively dissipate energy accumulation under heat and mechanical stimulation through structural evolution, thus exhibiting a prominent synergistic desensitization effect on HMX. The results show that rGO/g-C 3 N 4 coating has no effect on the crystal structure and chemical structure of HMX. More importantly, the perfect combination of g-C 3 N 4 and rGO endows HPrGC with enhanced thermal stability and ideal mechanical sensitivity (IS: 21 J, FS: 216 N). Obviously, the new fabrication of HPrGC enriches the variety of desensitizer materials and helps to deepen the understanding of the interaction between explosives and coatings.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
爆炸物安全性能研究
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Defence Technology
·
2021
·
IF 3.172
Yu-lan Song,Qi Huang,Bo Jin,Ru-fang Peng
To improve the safety of HMX, HMX/NH 2 -GO composite was prepared with aqueous ammonia functionalized graphene oxide (NH 2 -GO). The composite was characterized by SEM, Zeta potential, XPS, Raman spectrum, XRD, HPLC, DSC and BAM sensitivity test. The results indicated that the functionalization with aqueous ammonia can enhance the interaction between GO and HMX, and more efficiently desensitize the explosive. The optimal impact sensitivity of the HMX/NH 2 -GO composite can be not less than 40 J, which is also the most insensitivity compared to the previous reports prepared by coating desensitization with non-energetic desensitized material. Moreover, the potential reason for the different impact and friction sensitivity was also discussed, which may bring a novel perspective to achieve the desensitization of energetic material.
研究领域:
材料科学
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爆炸物安全
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS
·
2022
·Vol. 48
·期 2
·e202200192
·
IF 2.134
Qi Huang,Yulan Song,Zhicheng Guo,Jinhao Zhang,Bo Jin,Ya Guo,Rufang Peng
Interface interaction has always been considered a major challenge in the field of desensitization. Co-crystal explosives can balance the properties of energetic materials, but their limited desensitization effect limits their further practical applications. Based on this, we proposed the desensitization of CL-20/HMX co-crystal by three functionalized graphene oxide (NH 2 -GO, Am-GO and M550-GO). The sensitivity results indicate that the M550-GO has the best desensitization. To further explore the reasons for the better desensitization effect of M550, molecular dynamics was used to simulate the binding energy and mechanical properties of different systems. The results showed that the electrostatic interaction between functionalized graphene oxide and CL-20/HMX co-crystal can enhance the interfacial interaction more than van der Waals force. In a word, this work provides new ideas and insights for enhancing the interface interaction of coating materials and popularizing the practical application of co-crystal explosives.
研究领域:
材料科学
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爆炸物化学
·
界面工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Energetic Materials Frontiers
·
2022
·
IF 0
Hua Fang,Jin-qiang Zhou,Peng Deng,Peng-fei Zhu,Xue-yong Guo
To understand the thermal decomposition and combustion characteristics of HMX/aluminum (Al) composites, this study prepared the HMX/Al composites with different Al contents and carried out the thermal decomposition and combustion performance tests of these composites. The thermal analysis results showed that the activation energy of the HMX/Al composites increased from 483.94 kJ·mol −1 to 541.60 kJ·mol −1 when the Al content increased from 0 to 30 wt%. However, the change in the Al content had little effect on the heat flow of the HMX/Al composites. The combustion results showed that the calorific value of HMX/Al-30 composite reached 16,860 J·g −1 . The flame height and burning intensity gradually increased with an increase in the Al content, and the burning duration of HMX/Al-10, HMX/Al-20, and HMX/Al-30 gradually decreased by 0.21, 0.57 ms and 0.91 ms, respectively. The results showed that Al powder as metal fuel can control the combustion reactions and energy output of HMX-based explosives.
研究领域:
化学
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS
·
2022
·Vol. 48
·期 1
·e202200102
·
IF 2.134
Jie Li,Jinjiang Xu,Shiliang Huang,Shichun Li,Yu Liu
Many superfine processing techniques have been applied on desensitization of HMX. However, large-scale production of superfine HMX is still a big challenge due to the overloaded parameters, poor stability and capacity issue. Here, we developed a novel and facile gas-solid method to prepare superfine HMX, based on a process of solvent vapor permeation and removal. Superfine HMX with structure of stacking microcrystalline particles was achieved conveniently. Compared to pristine HMX, the characteristic height for impact initiation of the resultant superfine HMX increased from 23.30 cm to 112.20 cm. Moreover, the largely increased surface area of superfine HMX enhanced the interfacial interaction between HMX and binder, which remarkably enhanced the comprehensive mechanical performance of HMX-based polymer bonded explosives (PBXs). The compressive and tensile strength of the superfine HMX based PBXs were improved by 57.14 % and 120.27 %, respectively. This simple and reliable method can shed light on the design and preparation of energetic materials with better safety performance and optimized mechanical performance.
研究领域:
化学
·
材料科学
·
爆炸物研究
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY
·
2024
·
IF 8.7
Jie Li,Shichun Li,Shiliang Huang,Jinjiang Xu,Qilong Yan,Shaohua Jin,Yu Liu
Low sensitivity octahydro-1,3,4,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) has garnered significant attention from researchers due to its reduced shock sensitivity. However, the crystallization process poses challenges due to the high solidity and viscosity of the metastable α phase. Despite efforts to address this with additional energy sources like ultrasonic irradiation, prolonged exposure duration often results in small particle sizes, hindering the production of HMX with a consistent particle size distribution, thus limiting its applicability. To overcome these challenges, a method combining ultrasonic irradiation and trace H + additive was proposed and investigated for their impact on the polymorphic transformation of HMX. The H + additive was found to modify barriers, thus there was a lack of competitive driving force for the nucleation or growth of the metastable α form, thereby shortening the transformation pathway and duration. Moreover, the H + additive significantly accelerated the nucleation rate of the β form (67.7 orders of magnitude faster with 0.10 wt ‰ H + ) and the growth rate of β form HMX (5.8 orders of magnitude faster with 0.10 wt ‰ H + ). While H + additive alone was insufficient to induce spontaneous nucleation of the β form, combining it with short-duration ultrasonic irradiation further promoted β nucleation and shortened the polymorphic transformation duration (almost 20 orders of magnitude shorter). This rational approach led to effective control of the transformation process. The resulting low sensitivity HMX crystals exhibited varying mean sizes ranging from 20 to 340 μm, with purity exceeding 99.6 %, an apparent density greater than 1.8994 g/cm 3 , and few internal defects, fully meeting the requirements of low-sensitivity HMX, thus significantly expanding its potential applications. Our study sheds light on the mechanisms governing HMX polymorphic transformation in the presence of additives and ultrasonic irradiation, offering guidance for the rational control of this complex transformation.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
·
炸药科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS
·
2021
·Vol. 46
·期 5
·690-696
·
IF 1.887
Naimeng Song,Li Yang,Pingan Liu
This paper mainly introduces the Ph−Fe/RDX(HMX) composite microspheres prepared by ultrasonic spray drying. Their morphology was observed by SEM and found that the composite microspheres were spherical. Also, the composite microspheres exhibited good dispersion. The results of the granularity data show that the D 50 data of Ph−Fe/RDX and Ph−Fe/HMX were 580.78 nm and 496.52 nm, respectively. The DSC data showed that the catalytic effect of the composite microspheres was significantly better than that of the mixed powder. The DSC data showed that the decomposition peak temperature of the Ph−Fe/RDX(HMX) composite microsphere was 229.6 °C (279.6) lower than the 235.6 °C (284.3) of the mixed powder. The DSC data demonstrated that the catalytic performance of the composite microspheres was significantly better than that of the mixed powder. Therefore, the ultrasonic spray drying method has great potential for preparing energetic composite microspheres.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
·
爆炸物研究
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS
·
2024
·
IF 2.2
Haoyang Xie,Yuan Gao,Zichao Guo,Wanghua Chen
The experimental solubility of β -octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) in binary solvent mixtures of sulfolane + (H 2 O, acetonitrile, and ethanol) was measured at temperature ranging from (298.15 K to 343.15 K) by dynamic method under atmospheric pressure. The results showed that the solubility of β -HMX monotonously increases with increasing mole fraction of sulfolane at a given temperature in the studied binary solvent mixtures. Furthermore, the experimental solubility data in binary solvents were fitted using the modified Apelblat equation, the GCM model and the Jouyban-Acree model successfully. Hirshfeld surface analysis and molecular electrostatic potential (ESP) were employed to visualize close contacts and charge distribution of β -HMX and solvents. In addition, the molar dissolution thermodynamic properties of the solution of different binary solvent mixtures, such as Gibbs free energy, enthalpy and entropy, were calculated and analyzed based on the van’t Hoff equation and the experimental solubility data. Solid-liquid surface tension and surface entropy factor of β -HMX were estimated by the experimental solubility data. The solubility of β -HMX in sulfolane based binary solvent systems will provide essential support for the further study of crystallization and spheroidization of β -HMX in industry.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
物理化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS
·
2021
·Vol. 46
·期 5
·751-757
·
IF 1.887
Shuyi Duan,Dehai Wang,Quanping Jiang,Chun Xiao,Huihui Liu,Ya Guo,Shangbin Li,Qing Zhu
Polydopamine surface coating shows the capability to improve the adhesive properties as well as mechanical stabilities of energetic materials, which is highly desired for the development of insensitive munitions. However, the slow polymerization process of dopamine makes the coating process time-consuming and uneconomic. Herein, an oxidant-accelerated strategy was demonstrated to obtain fast polymerization kinetics of dopamine for the surface modification of HMX crystals. Upon the addition of oxidant, PDA was able to form surface layer of HMX particles within 5 min without changing the shape and polymorph of HMX crystals. The PDA coating showed the ability to improve the wettability of HMX, contributing to its abundant active groups. Moreover, the mechanical stability of PDA on HMX (HMX@PDA) samples was improved accompany with the increasing coating time, and the friction explosion probability and drop height of 300 s treated sample were 40 % and 64 cm, respectively. The detonation velocity was also measured, which showed that the effect of PDA coating on the detonation velocity of HMX was not significant. More importantly, our protocol showed the capability to fabricate HMX@PDA with different particle sizes on a large scale, satisfying the application demands of insensitive high explosives.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
爆炸物化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）