INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
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2018
·Vol. 54
·期 2
·583-590
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IF 2.383
Zhi-Wei Liu,Zhou Yue,Xin-An Zeng,Jun-Hu Cheng,Rana Muhammad Aadil
Summary Haematococcus pluvialis is a proficient source of natural antioxidant astaxanthin. However, the efficient extraction of astaxanthin from this microalga remains a great challenge due to the presence of the tough and non-hydrolysable cell walls. In this study, ionic liquid (IL) pretreatment was used for deconstruction of cell wall method. Imidazolium-based ILs exhibited higher cell disruption capability than pyridinium-based and ammonium-based ILs. After the ILs determination, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Bmim] Cl) was the most efficient method for cell wall deconstruction that leads to the highest astaxanthin extractability. More than 80% astaxanthin was extracted from H. pluvialis under mild conditions (pretreatment with 40% IL aqueous solution at 35 °C, followed by methanolic extraction at 50 °C). In addition, [Bmim] Cl showed the excellent recyclability, and negligible loss of astaxanthin during IL pretreatment was observed. The present work demonstrates that the combination of IL pretreatment and organic solvent extraction was an energy efficient and eco-friendly process for the astaxanthin recovery from H. pluvialis .
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高影响因子
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
·
2023
·
IF 8.4
Wenjing Su,Wenhao Xu,Weike Su
In this study, a new method for efficient astaxanthin extraction from Haematococcus pluvialis (H. pluvialis) by mechanochemistry was developed. The method is a water-based and water-reused one-pot procedure, which can simultaneously achieve cell wall breaking and astaxanthin extraction from H. pluvialis. In addition, the optimized process parameters were determined based on studies of different conditions; an elevated recovery of astaxanthin extraction yield (91.6 wt %) was achieved using 1 g of dried H. pluvialis and 4 mL of water at 200 rpm in 30 min with a ball-to-material ratio of 90 (m/m). The underlying mechanism revealed the extraction process by electron microscopy, thermodynamic analysis, spectroscopic determination, and particle size distribution analysis. The results of this study followed the sustainability criteria that include the concept of circular economy and contribute to the achievement of items 3, 6, 12, and 14 of the UN Sustainable Development Goals.1 This method innovates a new way for green and gentle extraction of natural fatty-soluble substances.
研究领域:
生物工程
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可持续发展
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食品科学
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Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts
·
2020
·
IF 4.008
Xiaodan Wang,Yanan Song,Baoling Liu,Wei Hang,Renjian Li,Hongli Cui,Runzhi Li,Xiaoyun Jia
The objective of this study is to characterize effects of autophagy inhibition by 3-methyladenine on astaxanthin and fatty acid accumulation in Haematococcus pluvialis cultivated under high light condition. The present data show that 0.02 mM 3-methyladenine treatment effectively inhibited autophagosome formation but no impact on the cell growth and biomass of H. pluvialis , leading to a large increase in cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), astaxanthin and fatty acid accumulation as well as palmitic acid enrichment under high light of 700 μmol·m −2 ·s −1 . Furthermore, the key genes such as phytoene synthase ( PSY ), β-carotene ketolase ( CRTO ), and β-carotene hydroxylase ( CRTR-b ) in astaxanthin pathway are upregulated significantly whereas the expressions of the lipid-related genes biotin carboxylase ( BC ) and diacylglycerol acyltransferase ( HpDGAT2D ) just increased slightly in the 3-methyladenine-treated cells. Astaxanthin accumulation is not perfectly linear with fatty acid biosynthesis in H. pluvialis treated by 3-methyladenine under high light. Overall, autophagy might function importantly in astaxanthin and lipid enrichment in H. pluvialis under stress condition. The findings provide new insights to further investigation on the metabolic regulation in microalgae .
研究领域:
微生物学
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生物技术
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植物科学
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代谢工程
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Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts
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2026
·
IF 5
Shuai Zhang,Mostafa Gouda,Jiayue Lei,Yulun Dong,Hailiang Zhang,Baishao Zhan,Yong He,Xiaoli Li
The molecular basis of carbon allocation to proteins and lipids in relation to light-exposure physiology remains poorly understood, particularly in the context of Haematococcus pluvialis growth and metabolism. Therefore, this study aims to elucidate the impact of varying light spectra on H. pluvialis carbon flux, thereby establishing a framework linking light perception with cell division. An integrative methodological approach was developed, combining stable isotope probing (using NaH 13 CO₃) and high-resolution Optical Photothermal Infrared (O-PTIR) microspectroscopy to trace 13 C incorporation into newly synthesized biomolecules under red, blue, and white light. The results showed that red light induced a pronounced spectral red shift (Δν = 8–10 cm −1 at 1665 cm −1 ) associated with amide I vibrations, indicating enhanced protein biosynthesis. Conversely, blue light elicited a significant decline in protein levels from 25.1 ± 0.5% to 21.3 ± 0.4%, whereas lipids rose sharply from 15.2 ± 0.3% to 17.9 ± 0.2%, revealing a “stress-induced” lipid storage phase. O-PTIR visualization showed lipids in membranes and droplets, with proteins uniformly distributed, reflecting their functional compartments. The mid-division stage showed peak biomolecular activity, with protein intensity (602 a.u.) nearly double that of pre-division cells. In conclusion, this study establishes O-PTIR with isotope tracing as a powerful tool for understanding carbon flow and molecular remodeling at the single-cell level, enabling better algal biomass and high-value metabolite production.
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高影响因子
PROCESS BIOCHEMISTRY
·
2025
·
IF 4
Yuya Liu,Fuzhen Liu,Zhan Wang,Huiling Huang,Jing Gao
The cell wall of Haematococcus pluvialis ( H. pluvialis ) is rich in polysaccharides. After astaxanthin extraction, cellulose and hemicellulose remain abundantly present in the residue, which could form chemical interactions of hydroxyl (-OH), carbonyl (C=O) with dyes. In this study, H. pluvialis residue (HPR) was treated using acid deep eutectic solvent (DES) combined with cellulase at low temperature. The treatment parameters and adsorbent conditions were investigated to improve the removal rate of Congo red (CR) from water. The HPR-based biosorbent was characterized via SEM, FTIR, and elemental and BET analysis. After the treatment with choline chloride:p-toluenesulfonic acid (ChCl:pTSA) at 60 °C for 3 h and cellulase at 60 °C for 16 h, the specific surface area of the HPR was increased from 1.44 m 2 /g to 7.45 m 2 /g, while the pore volume increased from 0.0031 cm 3 /g to 0.0599 cm 3 /g, and the maximum removal rate of CR reached 95% with a dosage of 0.67 g/L. The adsorption kinetic was better described by pseudo-second-order model. The Langmuir model provided the best fit and the maximum sorption capacity of 443.42 mg/g was recorded. The findings demonstrate that HPR treated with acid DES and cellulase can serve as an eco-friendly bioadsorbent for anionic dye removal.
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FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2026
·
IF 10.4
Yangyang Guo,Xingru Yan,Yujuan Zhu,Bin Li,Yinxu Zhang,Wentao Su
Bio-based nanofibers use H. pluvialis protein and amyloid fibrils as emulsifiers. • Conductivity-viscosity balance induced hollow core-shell structures at 30% oil load. • Molecular-level hydrogen bonding between the lipid core and polymer shell underpins enhanced thermal stability. • Synergistic physical and chemical protection reduced DHA oxidation products effectively. The application of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in functional foods is severely restricted by its susceptibility to oxidative degradation. To overcome this, a novel bioactive delivery vehicle was engineered using Haematococcus pluvialis protein (HPP) and glycosylated soy protein amyloid fibrils (AFS) via emulsion electrospinning. This study investigated the physicochemical properties and oxidation stability of core-shell nanofibers fabricated from spinning solution with varying oil contents (0–4%). The spinning solutions exhibited shear-thinning non-Newtonian fluid behavior. The incorporation of oil increased the hydrophobicity of the nanofiber films, with the water contact angle rising from 46.8° (0% oil) to 86.4° (40% oil) due to physical cross-linking. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that the 30% oil content group (E 3 ) formed a distinct, uniform hollow core-shell structure, driven by the optimal balance between conductivity and viscosity. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) suggested the presence of hydrogen bonding interactions between the lipid core and the polymer shell significantly enhanced thermal stability. Crucially, accelerated oxidation tests demonstrated a synergistic protective mechanism combining the physical barrier of the nanofiber shell with the chemical antioxidant activity of HPP. After 7 days, the E 3 nanofibers exhibited the lowest accumulation of primary and secondary oxidation products (POV: 238.66 ± 2.72 mmol/kg oil; TBARS: 49.26 ± 3.91 mg/kg oil), representing a 63.6% reduction in POV and 33.3% reduction in TBARs compared to the unencapsulated control (POV: 656.07 ± 2.14 mmol/kg oil; TBARS: 73.88 ± 0.27 mg/kg oil). This study supports the potential use of amyloid-fibril-stabilized natural interfaces for the efficient preservation of functional lipids, highlighting the superior synergistic protective effect of the HPP-AFS composite system. A PVA nanofiber membrane system was constructed by electrospinning to load the aqueous solution of proteins from Haematococcus pluvialis , algae oil, and chitosan soybean protein isolate, forming an AFS. This achieved the goal of protecting food from various forms of oxidation, including lipid oxidation, in practical applications. Download: Download high-res image (136KB) Download: Download full-size image
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PubMed
高影响因子
SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART A-MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY
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2025
·
IF 4.6
Shuju Guo,Na Yang,Wenjie Yu,Litao Zhang,Jianguo Liu
Accurate and reliable detection of trace copper ions (Cu 2+ ) is of great importance due to their dual role as essential micronutrients and potential environmental toxins. Herein, we report the first synthesis of deep red emissive CDs (CD-HP) derived from Haematococcus pluvialis residues, followed by nitrogen-doping modification (CD-HPE series) to enhance ion selectivity. Among them, CD-HPE2 exhibits excitation-independent emission at 674 nm with a narrow full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 34 nm, rivaling heavy metal-based quantum dots while retaining biocompatibility. The sensor demonstrates outstanding sensing performance, achieving an ultralow detection limit of 3.03 nM and a linear response range of 10–100 nM. The sensor shows excellent selectivity for Cu 2+ against potentially interfering ions and maintains stable fluorescence across pH 6–9 and salinity levels up to 50 ‰. Application to real seawater samples yielded recoveries of 94.10–106.45 %, confirming its reliability in complex matrices. Compared with recently reported biomass-derived CDs, CD-HPE2 offers unique optical properties, superior sensitivity, and strong anti-interference capability. This work highlights an eco-friendly strategy to upcycle microalgal residues into high-value nanosensors and establishes a robust platform for ultrasensitive Cu 2+ detection in environmental analysis.
研究领域:
环境分析
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纳米生物技术
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分析化学
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环境毒理学
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可持续材料
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水污染监测
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PubMed
高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2020
·Vol. 55
·期 9
·3182-3189
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IF 2.773
Zhang Ye,Xing-He Tan,Zhi-Wei Liu,Rana Muhammad Aadil,Yi-Cheng Tan,Muhammad Inam-ur-Raheem
Summary The robust cell wall structure of Haematococcus pluvialis ( H. pluvialis ) consists of polysaccharides and tough non-hydrolysable sporopollenins, which makes it difficult to extract superpotent antioxidant, astaxanthin from these cells. Therefore, breakdown of cell wall is a key step in the overall process of astaxanthin recovery. In this study, the mechanism of three well-established chemical techniques for cell disruption of H. pluvialis cysts [ionic liquids (IL), hydrochloric acid (HCl) and multiple enzymes (multi-enzyme, ME)] on deconstruction of the cyst cell wall of H. pluvialis was explored and characterised by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses. The results demonstrated that the three cell wall breakdown techniques exhibited high extraction efficacies for the recovery of astaxanthin from H. pluvialis [IL (86.71 ± 2.06%), HCl (80.52 ± 2.28%) and ME (71.08 ± 2.49%)]. However, their performances on disrupting the trilayered cell walls of H. pluvialis were significantly different, which were confirmed by distinct morphologies of the treated cell walls visualised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Meanwhile, the results of FTIR confirmed that, to some extent, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in the cell walls were hydrolysed by HCl, IL and ME treatments. However, ME exhibited a less hydrolytic effect on lignin than HCl and IL. Moreover, XRD and NMR analyses implied that the amorphous region of cell wall was susceptible to hydrolysis/breakdown by the three techniques.
研究领域:
生物化学
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植物学
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分析化学
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高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2018
·Vol. 53
·期 9
·2212-2219
·
IF 2.383
Zhi-Wei Liu,Xin-An Zeng,Jun-Hu Cheng,De-Bao Liu,Rana Muhammad Aadil
Summary The efficiency of various techniques pulsed electric field (PEF), ultrasound (US), high-pressure microfluidisation (HPMF), hydrochloric acid (HCl) and ionic liquids (ILs) for cell wall disruption in astaxanthin extraction from Haematococcus pluvialis was compared. The results indicated that ILs, HCl and HPMF treatment were shown the most efficient for cell disruption with more than 80% astaxanthin recovery. While the cell wall integrity of H. pluvialis cyst cell was less affected by US and PEF treatment. It was found that imidazolium-based ILs showed the greater potential for cell disruption than pyridinium-based and ammonium-based ILs. Among all the ILs examined, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Bmim] Cl) exhibited efficient cell disruption and capability of astaxanthin recovery at mild condition (pretreatment with 40% IL aqueous solution at 40 °C, followed by extraction with methanol at 50 °C) without extensive energy consumption and special facility requirement. In addition, recyclability of ILs was excellent.
研究领域:
生物技术
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藻类研究
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提取工艺优化
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高影响因子
SENSORS
·
2017
·Vol. 17
·期 9
·1997
·
IF 2.677
Weiwei Wei,Kang Xiao,Ming Tao,Lifu Nie,Dan Liu,Shanming Ke,Xierong Zeng,Zhangli Hu,Peng Lin,Yu Zhang
The freshwater unicellular microalgaHaematococcus pluvialis(H. pluvialis) has gained increasing attention because of its high-value metabolite astaxanthin, a super anti-oxidant. For the maximum astaxanthin production, a key problem is how to determine the senescent green vegetative phase ofH. pluvialiscells to apply the astaxanthin production inducers. The conventional methods are time-consuming and laborious. In this study, a novel platform based on organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) was produced. A significant channel current change of OECTs caused by settledH. pluvialiscells on the poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT: PSS) film was recorded commencing from 75 min and a stationary stage was achieved at 120 min after the combined treatment of blue light irradiation and sodium bicarbonate solution additives, which indicate the onset and maturation of the senescent green vegetative phase, respectively. Therefore, the appropriate time point (120 min after sample loading) to apply astaxanthin production inducers was determined by as-fabricated OECTs. This work may assist to develop a real-time biosensor to indicate the appropriate time to apply inducers for a maximum astaxanthin production ofH. pluvialiscells.Keywords:organic electrochemical transistor;real-time;senescent green vegetative phase;Haematococcus pluvialis
研究领域:
生物技术
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植物生理学
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PubMed
高影响因子
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
·
2025
·
IF 9
Haibin Lai,Qi'’an Yu,Yuya Liu,Zhiwei Liang,Yating Li,Jinheng Pan,Jing Gao
Astaxanthin (Ast), saccharides (Sac), and proteins (Prot) are the primary bioactive components in Haematococcus pluvialis ( H. pluvialis ). While previous studies have predominatly focused on Ast extraction or employed multi-step processes to isolate these compounds, this study introduces a thermo-switchable binary systems composed of deep eutectic solvents (DES) and water for their simulaneous extraction and separation from H. pluvialis . The system forms a three-phase configuration including two aqueous phases and a liquid-liquid interface which enhanced the partition efficiency . The binary systems exhibited lower critical solution temperature (LCST)-type phase behavior, and its phase formation, physicochemical properties, extraction efficiency, and separation coefficients were systematically investigated as functions of temperature. With increasing temperature, the system's conductivity rised while density decreased, improving phase formation and extraction performance. Notably, Ast preferentially migrated to the DES-rich phase, Sac to the water-rich phase, and Prot to the interfacial layer. Optimal performance was achieved using the system composed of tributyloctyl phosphonium bromide ([P 4448 ]Br):lactic acid and water at 323.15 K, yielding extraction efficiency of 44.50 mg/g (Ast), 37.03 mg/g (Sac), and 1.98 mg/g (Prot), with a partition coefficient of 291.58 for Ast and a Sac/Ast selectivity coefficients of 10.67. The water-rich phase shows optimal antioxidant activity, the interfacial phase has the strongest tyrosinase inhibitory activity, and the DES-rich phase achieves broad-spectrum antibacterial effects. This system enables polarity gradient-directed enrichment of diverse bioactive components, providing a novel strategy for the synchronized extraction of multifunctional natural products. This approach represents a significant advancement in natural product extraction, offering higher efficiency, reduced solvent use, and shorter processing times compared to sequential methods.
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高影响因子
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
·
2025
·
IF 9
Huiling Huang,Xi Lin,Wenwen Li,Fuzhen Liu,Jing Gao
Haematococcus pluvialis ( H. pluvialis) is rich in bioactive compounds. Traditional microemulsions (ME) can efficiently solubilize multipolar constituents, while fail to separate target products. In this study, a novel microemulsion (ME) composed of ionic liquid-based deep eutectic solvents (DES) was developed for multi-component extraction from H. pluvialis . The ME exhibited temperature-responsive UCST behavior, forming stable nanoparticles at 30 °C and demulsifying at 4 °C due to weakened intermolecular interactions and enhanced hydration effects at lower temperatures. Microstructure analysis revealed bicontinuous ME optimized co-extraction of hydrophobic and hydrophilic compounds. As compared with IL-based ME and conventional solvents, DES-ME achieved higher extraction efficiencies (carotenoids: 111.3 mg/g, lipids: 313.6 mg/g, proteins: 150.1 mg/g, carbohydrates: 26.98 mg/g). Post-extraction, cooling-enabled demulsification facilitated selective separation: carotenoids and lipids partitioned into the DES-rich phase (logK >0) due to strong CH-π/O interactions, while proteins migrated to the water-rich phase. DES-based ME significantly enhanced storage stability, delaying carotenoid degradation by encapsulating pigments in hydrophobic cores (ΔE = 7.89 vs. 9.71 for IL-based ME). The extract exhibited potent bioactivity of DPPH scavenging >95 % and exceptional antimicrobial effects against E. coli . Environmental assessment (GAPI score: 88) confirmed low toxicity, recyclability, and energy efficiency, positioning DES-based ME as a sustainable, high-performance alternative for extraction applications.
研究领域:
植物生物技术
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天然产物化学
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绿色化学
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食品科学
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药物递送系统
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分子生物学
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环境科学
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危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）