ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY
·
2024
·Vol. 117
·期 3
·e70004
·
IF 1.5
Kai Tian,Jiang Zhu,Xinghui Qiu
Furanocoumarins are a class of chemical compounds with phototoxic properties. For herbivores, efficient detoxification of such defense compounds is the prerequisite to feed successfully on furanocoumarin-containing plants. The cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera is a very important polyphagous pest in agriculture, but how it copes with toxic furanocoumarins in some of its host plants is not well understood. Given that cytochrome P450s are well known for their capacity in xenobiotic metabolism, this study attempted to explore the potential roles of cytochrome P450s in furanocoumarin transformation in this pest. Our data showed that two linear structures (psoralen and xanthotoxin) could be metabolized by three recombinant CYP9A enzymes, but no detectable depletion was observed for the linear one with the 8-dimethylallyloxy substituent on the coumarin moiety (imperatorin) and the angular furanocoumarin (angelicin). Initial epoxidation of the double bond connecting C2' and C3' of the furano ring following by cleavage of the epoxidated furan ring, leading to the formation of more soluble, less reactive and nonphotosensitizing metabolites, was identified as a common mechanism of linear furanocoumarin metabolism using a quadrupole/time-of-flight (Q-TOF) mass spectrometry interfaced with a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system. Our data demonstrated that multiple P450s were involved in the detoxification of linear furanocoumarins in the cotton bollworm. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the biochemical basis of adaptation to plant defense chemicals in this economically important pest. Summary CYP9A12, CYP9A14, and CYP9A17 are capable of metabolizing psoralen and xanthotoxin. Epoxidation of the C2'−C3' double bond of the furano ring is the common pathway. The three CYP9A enzymes exhibit no detectable activity against angelicin and imperatorin.
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PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY
·
2021
·
IF 3.963
Kai Tian,Jing Feng,Jiang Zhu,Jiagao Cheng,Mei Li,Xinghui Qiu
The cotton bollworm , Helicoverpa armigera , is a polyphagous pest threatening many economically important crops worldwide. Until recently, synthetic pyrethroids remain in wide use for controlling pest insects including the cotton bollworm. Understanding the metabolic mechanism of pyrethroids in a given pest can provide significant implication for a smart choice of insecticides, and such information is useful for the development of novel selective and safe insecticides. In this study, we used complexes of recombinant H. armigera cytochrome P450 CYP9A and NADPH-dependent cytochrome P450 reductase to investigate the capacity of three CYP9A paralogs in the transformation of seven structurally different pyrethroids by metabolism assays. The results showed that the three paralogous CYP9As were able to metabolize multiple pyrethroids. Interestingly, all the three CYP9As transformed pyrethrin-resembling pyrethroids (e.g. bioallethrin) more efficiently than the heavily modified ones (e.g. bifenthrin). These findings suggest that herbivorous insects can cope with synthetic insecticides using their physiological systems that initially evolved to survive exposure to the defensive chemicals in their host plants, adding support to the pre-adaptation hypothesis.
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JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2019
·
IF 3.571
Zi-Guo Wang,Shan-Shan Jiang,David Mota-Sanchez,Wei Wang,Xin-Ru Li,Yu-Lin Gao,Xu-Peng Lu,Xue-Qing Yang
Resistance to pyrethroid and organophosphate insecticides has been a growing problem in the management of cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) populations in the Yangtze River and Yellow River valleys of China, but resistance status and mechanisms of H. armigera populations from northeast China are less documented. In this study, a field strain collected from Shenyang in northeast China (SYR) is up to 16-fold more resistant than a susceptible strain (SS) to λ-cyhalothrin, while the resistance level to phoxim remained low (2.6-fold). Synergist tests and enzymatic assays show that increased cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (P450) activity is the main mechanism for λ-cyhalothrin resistance. Eight out of 10 genes from CYP6 and CYP9 subfamilies were significantly overexpressed in the SYR strain, and CYP6AE11 was the mostly overexpressed P450 (59-fold). These results suggest that overexpression of multiple P450 enzymes contributes to λ-cyhalothrin resistance in the SYR strain of H. armigera from northeast China.
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JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2025
·
IF 6.2
Ya-Lan Sun,Ya-Hui Sun,Ke Wang,Pengjun Xu,Jun-Feng Dong
Helicoverpa armigera is one of the most serious pests attacking tobacco around the world. Nicotiana rustica is widely used as a trap crop in the fields of Nicotiana tabacum in China. However, the chemical and molecular bases guiding N. rustica recognition in H. armigera are still unknown. In this study, we found 15 volatiles emitted from N. rustica induced EAG responses of H. armigera, while β-ocimene, α-pinene, and linalool were attractive to the moths in Y-tubes. Oviposition tests showed that H. armigera prefers to lay eggs on tobacco plants treated with β-ocimene and α-pinene. Further assays showed that an antenna-enriched chemosensory protein, HarmCSP1, binds robustly with β-ocimene, benzaldehyde, and (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate. Structural analyses revealed that several key amino acid residues are involved in ligand binding. This study increases the understanding of the chemosensory mechanism of H. armigera’s recognition of N. rustica and provides the foundation for the design of attractants for H. armigera management.
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PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY
·
2022
·
IF 4.966
Yun Huang,Peizhuo Wu,Junyue Zheng,Lihong Qiu
Cytochrome P450-mediated detoxification plays an important role in the development of insecticide resistance . Previous studies have shown that cytochrome P450 CYP6B7 was induced by fenvalerate and involved in fenvalerate detoxification in Helicoverpa armigera . However, the transcriptional regulation of CYP6B7 induced by fenvalerate remains unclear. Here, a series of progressive 5′ deletions of CYP6B7 promoter reporter genes were constructed, and the relative luciferase activities were detected. The results revealed that the relative luciferase activity of plasmid p (−655/−1) was significantly induced by fenvalerate. Further deletion of the region between −655 and −486 bp showed that the highest luciferase activity induced by fenvalerate was observed in plasmid p (−528/−1), while p (−485/−1) had the lowest fenvalerate-induced luciferase activity. Moreover, internal deletion and mutation in the region between −508 and −486 bp resulted in a significant reduction in fenvalerate-induced CYP6B7 promoter activity, suggesting that the cis -acting element responsible for fenvalerate in the CYP6B7 promoter was located between −508 and −486 bp. These results promote an understanding of the expression regulation mechanism of P450 genes that conferring resistance to insecticides .
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COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
·
2026
·
IF 2.5
Weihuan Xu,Zhiheng Xu,Shimeng Guo,Chaoyang Peng,Hongjin Shen,Hongyan Zhang,Yongqiang Li
CarE001C variants with multiple mutations were generated and expressed in E. coli . • The mutants showed significantly reduced esterase activity toward α -naphthyl acetate. • Several mutants acquired enhanced catalytic efficiency toward specific insecticides. Carboxylesterases (CarEs) are key phase I detoxification enzymes that either directly metabolize insecticides or sequester insecticide molecules, thereby reducing their toxicity. Previous studies demonstrated that the A127D mutation in carboxylesterase 001C (CarE001C) of Helicoverpa armigera significantly enhanced hydrolase activity toward the model organophosphate substrate diethyl 4-methylumbelliferyl phosphate (dEUP). To further explore the functional implications of this mutation, six CarE001C variants containing multiple site mutations were generated using the CarE001C A127D mutant as a template through a multiple site-directed mutagenesis approach. The recombinant proteins were successfully expressed in Escherichia coli , purified, and confirmed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot analyses. Enzyme kinetics assays revealed that all multiple-site mutants exhibited significantly reduced esterase activity toward α -naphthyl acetate compared with the wild-type CarE001C. In vitro metabolism assays indicated that several of these mutants exhibited improved hydrolase activity toward specific insecticides. Among them, three mutants (OP4, OP5, and OP6) showed elevated hydrolase activities toward chlorpyrifos, with specific activities ranging from 26.3 to 38.8 nmol·min −1 ·mg protein −1 . Additionally, two mutants demonstrated increased detoxification capacities for beta -cypermethrin and methomyl, exhibiting specific activities of 13.2 and 1.7 nmol·min −1 ·mg protein −1 , respectively. Collectively, these results suggest that multiple site mutations can significantly alter the catalytic properties of H. armigera CarE001C, leading to qualitative changes in insecticide hydrolase activity. This work provides new insights into the adaptive potential of insect esterases in insecticide detoxification, thereby deepening our understanding of their roles in resistance evolution and potential applications in bioremediation. Download: Download high-res image (149KB) Download: Download full-size image
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Biology-Basel
·
2026
·Vol. 15
·期 2
·175
·
IF 3.5
Jie Zhao,Hao-Ran Kan,Xin-Xin Jin,Jiang-Yuan Zhang,Hong-Run Zhou,Xiao-Qiang Han,Jing Ye
The cotton bollworm ( Helicoverpa armigera ), a globally significant agricultural pest, displays notable host adaptability and insecticide resistance. This study utilized five algorithms to assess the expression stability of eleven candidate reference genes in H. armigera under stress from four plant secondary substances (tannic acid, quercetin, 2-tridecanone, and ZQ-8) and two insecticides (chlorantraniliprole and indoxacarb). The findings indicated that the optimal combination of reference genes varied across different stress conditions. Additionally, ribosomal protein RPL32 and RPL27 exhibited relatively consistent expression levels under plant secondary substance and insecticide treatments, respectively. Additionally, larvae exposed to sublethal doses of plant secondary substances and insecticides showed a significant upregulation of growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible gene 45 ( GADD45 ) expression, indicating its involvement in the detoxification metabolism of H. armigera . This research establishes a standardized foundation for using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to explore the molecular regulatory pathways of H. armigera in response to plant secondary substance and insecticide stress. It also identifies potential novel target sites for the management of insecticide resistance in this pest. The cotton bollworm ( Helicoverpa armigera , Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a globally distributed agricultural pest. When conducting expression analysis of its functional genes, appropriate reference genes should be selected to ensure the reliability of the results. In this study, five algorithms including Delta Ct, GeNorm, Normfinder, BestKeeper, and RefFinder were used to evaluate the expression stability of eleven candidate reference genes under different developmental stages, larval tissues, adult sexes, plant secondary substance stresses, and insecticide treatments in H. armigera . The candidate genes included Actin , Tubulin , EF-1α , RPS3 , RPS15 , RPL27 , RPL32 , 28S , GAPDH , SOD , and TRX . The reliability of the recommended reference gene combinations was validated using the growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible gene 45 ( GADD45 ). The results showed that normalizing relative expression of the target gene with the combination of the two most stable reference genes is recommended. Specifically, the combination of RPS3 + RPL27 is recommended for developmental stage comparisons; RPL32 + RPL27 for larval tissues; RPS3 + RPL27 for adult sex comparisons; GAPDH + RPL32 under tannic acid stress; RPL32 + RPS3 under quercetin stress; RPS15 + RPL32 under 2-tridecanone stress; RPS3 + RPL32 under ZQ-8 stress; RPL27 + TRX following chlorantraniliprole treatment; and RPL27 + RPL32 following indoxacarb treatment. Moreover, larvae exposed to three concentrations of plant secondary substances and to sublethal doses of insecticides exhibited significant upregulation of GADD45 : after 4 h of exposure to 1% tannic acid, 0.1% and 1% quercetin, 1% 2-tridecanone, and 0.05% ZQ-8; after 15 h of chlorantraniliprole treatment; and after 24 h of indoxacarb treatment. Thus, GADD45 was overexpressed in response to various plant secondary substances and insecticide treatments, indicating its involvement in the detoxification and metabolism of H. armigera . This study proves to be helpful for selecting reference genes in H. armigera under plant secondary substance and insecticide stress and lays the foundation for further research utilizing GADD45 as a molecular target for pest control.
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INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
·
2018
·Vol. 28
·期 1
·23-34
·
IF 2.492
Y.-L. Sun,J.-F. Dong,C. Ning,P.-P. Ding,L.-Q. Huang,J.-G. Sun,C.-Z. Wang
Parasitic wasps rely on olfaction to locate their hosts in complex chemical environments. Odorant receptors (ORs) function together with well-conserved odorant coreceptors (ORcos) to determine the sensitivity and specificity of olfactory reception. Campoletis chlorideae (Hymenoptera: Ichneunmonidae) is a solitary larval endoparasitoid of the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera , and some other noctuid species . To understand the molecular basis of C. chlorideae ’s olfactory reception, we sequenced the transcriptome of adult male and female heads (including antennae) and identified 211 OR transcripts, with 95 being putatively full length. The tissue expression profiles, as assessed by reverse-transcription PCR, showed that seven OR s were expressed only or more highly in female antennae. Their functions were analysed using the Xenopu slaevis oocyte expression system and two-electrode voltage-clamp recordings. CchlOR62 was tuned to cis -jasmone, which was attractive to female C. chlorideae adults and H. armigera larvae in the subsequent behavioural assays. Further bioassays using caged plants showed that the parasitism rate of H. armigera larvae by C. chlorideae on cis -jasmone-treated tobacco plants was higher than on the control plants. Thus, cis -jasmone appears to be an important infochemical involved in the interactions of plants, H. armigera and C. chlorideae , and CchlOR62 mediates the attractiveness of cis -jasmone to C. chlorideae .
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JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2024
·
IF 5.7
Yongmei Chang,Weihuan Xu,Shan Wang,Mengyao Zhu,Yanan Ru,Zhiheng Xu,Guangyou Chen,Yongqiang Li
Helicoverpa armigera Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a globally devastating pest and has evolved with varying levels of resistance to a broader spectrum of insecticides. CarEs are major enzymes involved in insecticide detoxification and metabolic resistance. Four CarE genes were identified and cloned from H. armigera, and the expression pattern analyses indicated that they were predominantly expressed in the detoxifying tissues and larval feeding periods. The insecticide inductive assays further suggested that these CarE genes with expressions were significantly upregulated after beta-cypermethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, malathion, and chlorpyrifos exposures. The purified recombinant proteins of both CarE016B and CarE016C by bacterial expression exhibited significantly higher catalytic efficiency toward α-naphthyl acetate and also showed relatively stronger binding with both β-cypermethrin and λ-cyhalothrin compared to the CarE006C and CarE015A. In vitro metabolism assay with HPLC suggests that CarE016B and CarE016C have the ability to metabolize β-cypermethrin, λ-cyhalothrin, and malathion with varying hydrolase activities. GC-MS/MS analysis identified 3-phenoxybenzaldehyde (3-PBAld) as the metabolite of both β-cypermethrin and λ-cyhalothrin. Homology modeling and molecular docking analyses further indicate that these three types of insecticides could be anchored into the active pocket of both CarEs. Collectively, these results demonstrate that both CarE016B and CarE016C play a critical role in the detoxification of pyrethroid and organophosphate insecticides in H. armigera. This study provides the foundations for a comprehensive understanding of the role of the CarEs family in insecticide detoxification and resistance in H. armigera.
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INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
·
2026
·
IF 4.3
Zhen Yang,Haoyu Tan,Xiaoqing Yang,Yuling Zhang,Junhao Liang,Wenqing Kuang,Zhanfeng Zhang,Tong-Xian Liu,Xiangfeng Jing
Cholesterol homeostasis is crucial for cellular function in insects and other animals. However, the function of lipases in maintaining cholesterol homeostasis in insects was rarely investigated. In this study, we aimed to identify cholesterol-metabolizing lipases in the gut and explore their function in cholesterol regulation, using Helicoverpa armigera as a model organism. We identified 24 lipase genes containing the PF04083 domain in the H. armigera genome, four of which exhibited gut-enriched expression. Functional assays revealed that all four recombinant lipases hydrolyzed cholesterol esters, with two also capable of processing triacylglycerols (TAG). Molecular docking analyses further supported substrate specificity among these lipases. Single-gene knockout of HaOG200589 resulted in compensatory upregulation of two other lipases and cholesterol acyltransferase ( ACAT ). In contrast, simultaneous knockout of HaOG200551 , HaOG200552 , HaOG200553 , and HaOG200589 led to significant downregulation of the genes coding for Niemann–Pick Type C1b ( NPC1b ) and ACAT . Interestingly, intestinal free cholesterol level remained relatively stable despite these gene disruption events. These findings highlight the essential role of gut-localized lipases in insect sterol metabolism.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
·
2023
·
IF 8.2
Yun Huang,Li Xu,Junyue Zheng,Peizhuo Wu,Yu Zhang,Lihong Qiu
As we known, inducibility is an important feature of P450 genes. Previous studies indicated that CYP6B7 could be induced and involved in fenvalerate detoxification in Helicoverpa armigera . However, the regulatory mechanism of CYP6B7 induced by fenvalerate is still unclear. In this study, CYP6B7 promoter of H. armigera was cloned and the cis -acting element of fenvalerate was identified to be located between −84 and − 55 bp of CYP6B7 promoter. Subsequently, 33 candidate transcription factors ( CYP6B7 -fenvalerate association proteins, CAPs) that may bind to the cis -acting element were screened and verified by yeast one-hybrid. Among them, the expression levels of several CAPs were significantly induced by fenvalerate. Knockdown of juvenile hormone-binding protein-like (JHBP), RNA polymerase II-associated protein 3 (RPAP3), fatty acid synthase-like (FAS) and peptidoglycan recognition protein LB-like (PGRP) resulted in significant expression inhibition of CYP6B7 , and increased sensitivity of H. armigera to fenvalerate. Co-transfection of reporter gene p (−84/−55) with pFast-CAP showed that JHBP, RPAP3 and PGRP could significantly increase the activity of CYP6B7 promoter. These results suggested that trans -acting factors JHBP, RPAP3 and PGRP may bind with cis -acting elements to regulate the expression of CYP6B7 induced by fenvalerate, and play an important role in the detoxification of H. armigera to fenvalerate.
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JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2023
·
IF 6.1
Yun Huang,Junyue Zheng,Peizhuo Wu,Yu Zhang,Lihong Qiu
Cytochrome P450 CYP6B7 has previously been proved to be associated with fenvalerate-resistance in Helicoverpa armigera. Here, how CYP6B7 is regulated and involved in the resistance of H. armigera is studied. Seven base differences (M1–M7) were found in CYP6B7 promoter between a fenvalerate-resistant (HDTJFR) and a susceptible (HDTJ) strain of H. armigera. M1–M7 sites in HDTJFR were mutated into the corresponding base in HDTJ, and pGL3-CYP6B7 reporter genes with different mutation sites were constructed. Fenvalerate-induced activities of reporter genes mutated at M3, M4, and M7 sites were significantly reduced. Transcription factors Ubx and Br, whose binding sites contain M3 and M7, respectively, were overexpressed in HDTJFR. Knockdown of Ubx and Br results in significant expression inhibition of CYP6B7 and other resistance-related P450 genes, and increase of sensitivity of H. armigera to fenvalerate. These results indicate that Ubx and Br regulate the expression of CYP6B7 to mediate the fenvalerate-resistance in H. armigera.
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