POLYMER
·
2025
·
IF 4.5
Yonghao Lv,Hongyan Li,Zhubao Shao,Zhiming Jiang
Cycloaliphatic epoxy resins exhibit excellent dielectric properties but are often harder to be flame retarded. To address this issue, a magnolol-derived active ester DDA was synthesized and employed to prepare flame-retardant cycloaliphatic epoxy resins through the intrinsic incorporation of a phosphaphenanthrene moiety (DOPO). Compared with anhydride MHHPA-cured resins, DDA demonstrated superior char-forming capability and enhanced the compactness of carbon residues. Under equivalent phosphorus loadings, the DDA-cured resin (CFDAP) exhibited a significantly higher limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 30.2 %, notably surpassing the 26.7 % LOI of the MHHPA-cured counterpart. CFDAP effectively achieved reductions of 44 % in peak heat release rate and 50 % in total heat release during combustion. Importantly, ether bonds instead of ester bonds in the main chain of CFDAP enhanced the thermal stability and tensile strength relative to MHHPA-cured system. The chemical integration of DOPO moiety further improved the dielectric properties of epoxy resins at high frequencies by increasing free volume within the matrix. Collectively, the active ester curing agent DDA enables simultaneous enhancements in flame retardancy, thermal stability, mechanical properties, and dielectric performance of epoxy resins, presenting an efficient strategy for designing advanced electronic packaging materials suitable for high-frequency and high-speed electronic communication.
研究领域:
高分子科学
·
材料工程
·
阻燃材料
·
介电材料
·
电子封装材料
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE
·
2021
·Vol. 56
·期 30
·16999-17010
·
IF 4.22
Xu Yue,Liu Lubin,Yan Chentao,Hong Yukai,Xu Miaojun,Qian Lijun,Li Bin
In the field of electronic and electrical applications, it has always been a challenge to synchronously improve the flame-retardant and smoke-suppression properties for epoxy resins. In this research, a novel flame-retardant phosphonic acid piperazine salt (PTPAP) was successfully synthesized in an environmentally friendly manner and used to fabricate flame-retardant EP thermosets. The fire safety and flame-retardant mechanisms of EP/PTPAP thermosets were detailedly studied. When merely 6 wt% PTPAP was introduced into EP substrate, the EP/PTPAP thermosets gained UL-94V-0 grade and their LOI value improved from 21.3% of pure EP to 28.3% with the increase of 32.9%. The introduction of PTPAP promoted the premature degradation and charring of EP matrix, and the intumescent, compact, and sealed char layer was produced on the surface of EP/PTPAP thermosets during combustion. Besides, PTPAP decomposed and produced the PO· and inert gases, which efficaciously exerted the free radical trapping and dilution effect in vapor phase. Therefore, the emission of smoke and heat was distinctly constrained and the EP/PTPAP thermosets was endowed with the superior fire safety. This flame-retardant EP/PTPAP thermosets showed broad application prospects under the environment of sustainable development because of the eco-friendly and simplicity of the synthesis of PTPAP. Graphical abstract
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
·
消防安全
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
·
2022
·
IF 6.449
Chenxi Zhang,Chao Zhang,Zhiming Jiang,Ping Zhu
To decrease strength loss of flame-retardant cotton fabric using polycarboxylic acid as the crosslinker, a series of multi-amino phosphoramide (BPEI/DPn) was synthesized using branched polyethyleneimine (BPEI) and dimethyl phosphite (DP). The flame retardant coating was fabricated on cotton fabric with the assist of 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA). The optimum multi-amino phosphoramide was obtained by investigate the effect of different BPEI/DPn on washing durability and flame retardancy of modified cotton fabrics. The results found that BPEI/DP4 (mole ratio of BPEI and DP was 1:4) coated cotton fabric presented superior flame retardancy with self-extinguishing action and 27.9% of LOI value. Also, this flame-retardant cotton fabric can withstand a certain number of standard washing cycles. The heat and smoke release of cotton fabric during the combustion were significantly inhibited after modification with BPEI/DP4, and HRR value decreased by 35.0% compared with the unmodified cotton. Additionally, BPEI/DP4 can greatly improve the mechanical capability of cotton fabric modified with BTCA, and almost 80% of breaking force can be remained owning to partially neutralizing the acidic circumstance of BTCA solution, which might provide an efficient method to prepare functional cotton fabric with high performance.
研究领域:
纺织科学
·
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
·
2020
·
IF 4.032
Zhiyuan Chi,Zongwei Guo,Zice Xu,Mengjie Zhang,Ming Li,Lei Shang,Yuhui Ao
Searching a renewable and flame-retardant alternative to bisphenol A epoxy resins is a necessary development trend. Diphenolic acid , a plant derivative, has been proven to be one of the sustainable alternatives to bisphenol A. However, how to impart the flame-retardant property to diphenolic acid thermosets is still a challenge to synthesize high performance intrinsic flame-retardant bio-based epoxy resins. A flame-retardant bio-based epoxy resin (TEBA) was designed and synthesized via a three-step synthetic pathway from 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO)、diethanolamine and diphenolic acid (DPA). The chemical structures of the intermediate and final products were confirmed by 1 HNMR and FTIR spectroscopy. TEBA cured with 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM) curing agent was compared with a standard bisphenol A epoxy resin (DGEBA). Due to the combination of phosphorus and nitrogen in the main chain, the TEBA-DDM shows superior flame retardancy. Compared with DGEBA-DDM, LOI of TEBA-DDM increased from 25.8% to 42.3%, UL-94 test rating from no rating to V-0 rating, self-extinguishing within 3s. The peak heat release rate (PHRR) in the cone calorimetry test decreased by 67%. total heat release (THR) and total smoke generation (TSP) decreased by 27% and 35%, respectively. In addition, the flame retardant mechanism of TEBA epoxy thermosets was researched by FTIR, residual char photograph, SEM, TG-IR analysis and Raman spectroscopy . Meanwhile, TEBA-DDM and DGEBA-DDM have comparable mechanical properties .
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
·
高分子科学
·
可持续化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
·
2022
·
IF 9.965
Na Li,Gaowei Kang,Hao Liu,Weiwang Qiu,Qian Wang,Liu Liu,Xueli Wang,Jianyong Yu,Faxue Li,Dequn Wu
Flame retardant and antibacterial investigation of cellulose has attracted more and more attention. In order to improve the modification efficiency, inspired by multiple hydrogen bonding in spider silk, flame retardant and antibacterial dual function modified cellulose was achieved by multi structure hydrogen bonding in this research. A novel nano SiO 2 based Schiff base flame retardant (SiAPH) and dodecyl quaternary ammonium salt (HDAC) were synthesized. Tannin (TA) was introduced as medium to provide synergistic flame retardant and antibacterial with SiAPH and HDAC. The flame retardancy assessment demonstrated that the limiting oxygen index (LOI) of modified cotton fabrics increased from 18% to 26.1%, and the peak of heat release rate (pHRR) decreased by 41.0%, UL-94 vertical combustion proved the modified cotton fabrics had capability of self-extinguishing. The antibacterial of modified fabrics were confirmed against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, and the inhibition rate reached to 99.1%. In addition, it worth noting that the biocompatibility and antibacterial activity of modified fabrics were evaluated via MTS assay and establishment of animal wound model. Low toxicity of the fabrics was verified by the L929 fibroblast cells. The anti-infection experiment model showed that the modified fabrics had a positive effect on prevention of infection, and the wound healing rate reached to 86.8% after 14 days’ treatment. The flame retardancy, antibacterial and biocompatibility of the functional cotton fabrics indicated that they were ideal candidate for applications of vehicle interior, soft decoration in public and medical scene.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学
·
生物材料
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阻燃技术
·
抗菌技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
RSC Advances
·
2024
·Vol. 14
·期 12
·8204-8213
·
IF 3.9
Fangli Li,Ziqin Huang,Changjiang Liu,Meini Yang,Jixiang Wu,Wenhui Rao,Chuanbai Yu
Currently, additively efficient flame retardants are being developed to enhance the smoke suppression, flame retardancy, and thermal properties of composite materials. To this end, the current study designed and prepared a novel P/N/Si/Zn-containing organic–inorganic hybrid denoted as APHZ. Its inorganic part was 2-methylimidazole zinc salt (ZIF-8), which improved its smoke suppression and catalytic carbonization. The organic part (P/N/Si-containing compound) promoted its flame retardancy and interfacial compatibility between APHZ and epoxy resin (EP). The test results revealed that EP/APHZ-3 composites achieved a V-0 rating and a notable LOI value of 30.7% when introducing 3 wt% APHZ into the EP matrix. Cone calorimetry tests (CCT) further demonstrated that the average heat release rate (av-HRR), total smoke production (TSP), and CO production (COP) of EP/APHZ-3 were reduced by 23.3%, 14.0%, and 21.1%, respectively. Meanwhile, the char residual was increased by 60.6%, as compared to pure EP. Furthermore, the flame-retardant mechanism of EP/APHZ composites was investigated by the XPS, TG-FTIR, and Raman spectroscopy techniques. The observed synergistic effect of the imidazole skeleton ZIF-8 and P/N/Si-containing compound in APHZ facilitated the generation of a dense multi-element char layer, with the condensed phase flame-retardant mechanism playing a dominant role. These findings contribute to developing and designing high-performance flame-retardant EP.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
·
高分子科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2021
·
IF 13.273
Xin Wang,Haoxin Niu,Wenwen Guo,Lei Song,Yuan Hu
The development of high-performance thermosetting polymers has spawn extensive research interest over the past decade because of increasing awareness of environmental protection and sustainable policy. In this work, three cardanol-derived epoxy monomers named after CFGE, ECF, and ECFGE were synthesized, and ECFGE was selected to be further treated by flame-retardant owing to its superior thermal stability and mechanical strength. ECFGE was subsequently combined with cardanol-derived phosphate (DPP-CFR) to obtain flame-retardant bio-based epoxy materials as diglycidyl ether bisphenol A (DGEBA)-type epoxy substitutes. The chemical structure of CFGE, ECF, ECFGE, and DPP-CFR was well characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance and elemental analysis. The influence of DPP-CFR on the curing kinetics of the ECFGE/DDM system was investigated by the non-isothermal DSC . The addition of DPP-CFR imparted excellent flame-retardancy to the cured ECFGE/DDM system. Specifically, the cured ECFGE/DDM system with 15 wt% of DPP-CFR exhibited UL-94V-0 classification and LOI value of 31.0%, and its peak heat release rate was declined by 48% and 72%, respectively, compared to the cured ECFGE/DDM and DGEBA/DDM. Additionally, the cured ECFGE/DDM system with 15 wt% of DPP-CFR also showed better tensile strength and toughness than the cured DGEBA/DDM counterpart. This study demonstrates that cardanol can be utilized as a versatile platform for the fabrication of high-performance bio-based thermosetting polymers with excellent comprehensive properties.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
聚合物化学
·
可持续化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES
·
2022
·Vol. 33
·期 10
·3490-3500
·
IF 3.348
Wu Zhang,Weikang Xia,Yasheng Shi,Changlin Zhou,Ran Chen,Lei Wang,Jinqing Qu
Flame-retarded epoxy thermosets are highly desirable for electronics-related basic materials in the new-generation information applications. Herein, a DOPO-anchored benzothiadiazole flame retardant, namely DOPO-BTD , is designed and synthesized for P/N/S synergistic flame-retarded epoxy thermosets. DOPO-BTD possesses good thermal stability and excellent compatibility with the epoxy matrix. As reflected by UL 94 test, the DOPO-BTD coated EP passes the V0 rating and achieves a higher LOI value of 34.6% at ultralow P content of 0.39 wt%. The investigation of the DOPO-BTD -triggered P/N/S synergistic flame-retarded effect by thermal images further validated the flame retarded efficacy and dramatic inhibition of the flame. Meanwhile, the incorporation of 4.8 wt% DOPO-BTD into the epoxy matrix, the PHRR, THR, SPR, TSP, and COP are significantly decreased by 37.97%, 27.44%, 25.49%, 19.83%, and 31.70%, respectively. Additionally, the fire growth index (FGI) is sharply dropped 26.06%. Moreover, the TGIR and TGMS results convince the flame-retarded mechanism of DOPO-BTD through the combination of the gas-phase and condensed-phase pathways. The P/N/S synergistic DOPO-BTD can serve as a promising flame retardant for efficiently fabricating the flame-retarded epoxy thermosets, and this study sheds light on the development of multiple elements synergistic flame-retardants for functional polymers with great application potential.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
·
高分子科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2023
·
IF 15.1
Zongsheng Liu,Meng Ma,Bangdong Ge,Yi Zheng,Si Chen,Yanqin Shi,Huiwen He,Yulu Zhu,Xu Wang
Functionalization and high performance of polycarbonate (PC) is hardly achieved by using traditional flame retardants, which will improve the flame retardancy of PC at the expense of mechanical strength, thermal stability and transparency. Herein, a linear macromolecular of polydiphenyl phenyl borosiloxane (PDPBS) was synthesized by dehydration polycondensation in order to solve the conflict between fire safety and high performance of PC. Due to the role of PDPBS in catalyzing char formation and helping to form dense char layer during the combustion process of PC composites, and the outstanding flexibility of siloxane segments with excellent compatibility with PC matrix, PC/PDPBS composites can maintain almost the same transparency as that of PC and obtain excellent flame retardancy. The results of burning tests showed that the PC composites with 3 wt% PDPBS passed the UL 94V-0 rating with a LOI value of 29.1%. Meanwhile, the peak of heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release rate (THR) of PC/PDPBS-3 decreased by 12% and 15% respectively, and the ignition time (TTI) increased by 9%. More importantly, the PC/PDPBS-3 composite maintains a transparency at 87.5%. In addition, the tensile strength and elongation at break remained at the same level as that of neat PC. In a word, the addition of PDPBS can not only improve the flame retardancy of PC, but also keep its outstanding transparency and excellent mechanical properties. This work provides a new method for obtaining PC with both flame retardant and transparent properties, and also broadens the application of PC in electronic appliances and automobiles.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
·
消防安全工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES
·
2023
·
IF 3.4
Xiaodong Jin,Xinyi Wu,Qinyong Liu,Shibing Sun,Suping Cui,Sheng Zhang,Chen Chen
In this work, a metal organic framework (Fe-MOF) with the effect of absorbing toxic gases and good compatibility was synthesized by chelating a novel organic ligand contained carbonization groups (reacted by tris(hydroxymethyl) aminomethane and 1,4-piperazine dialdehyde) with iron salt. Then, it was used as the synergist to improve the efficiency of intumescent flame retardant (IFR) within polystyrene (PS) substrate. With the addition of 20% IFR and 2% Fe-MOF, the obtained PS composites exhibited a limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 28.3% and a UL rating of V-0. Moreover, the peak heat release rate (pHRR), total heat release (THR), and total smoke production (TSP) of PS composites were decreased by 77.6%, 35.2%, and 33.7%, respectively. According to the mechanism analysis, it was found that Fe-MOF mainly acted in the condensed phase, contributing to the existence of dense char residues with the presence of IFR system. In addition, the good compatibility of organic ligand in Fe-MOF with PS substrate could partially alleviate the deterioration of mechanical properties due to the addition of IFR. For PS-20%IFR/2%Fe-MOF, the impact strength was improved from 1.7 kJ/m 2 (PS-22%IFR) to 2.2 kJ/m 2 , the tensile strength was also increased from 21.3 MPa (PS-22%IFR) to 22.4 MPa.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
·
消防安全工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
·
2025
·
IF 5.4
Xiang Zeng,Guoqing Xiao,Miaojuan Zhang,Yuemei Zhang,Zhengwei Yang,Chunlin Chen,Chunyan Chen,Rutong Song
Epoxy resin (EP) is widely used across industries, driving the demand for multifunctional, high-performance flame-retardant systems. In this study, the molecular bridge strategy was applied to enhance flame retardant of EP, phosphonitrile derivatives (ATCP) was synthesized as a molecular bridge to bond mesoporous silica (MS) and MXene. The flame retardant constructed a stable organic-inorganic integrated interface, significantly enhancing the overall performance of EP composites. Only 2 wt% loading, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) increased from 27.1% to 34.2%, while the peak heat release rate (HRR) and total heat release (THR) decreased by 32.79% and 28.84%, respectively. Notably, the carbon monoxide production (COP) and total smoke production (TSP) were reduced by 32.15% and 58.14%, demonstrating excellent smoke suppression and toxicity mitigation. The layered structure induced an ordered char layer formation, enhancing barrier strength. The mesoporous framework and interfacial hydrogen bonding promoted the capture of smoke particles and inhibited smoke release. Furthermore, the KMS@ATCP@MX-Z interfacial compatibility and chemical resistance were improved, increasing the elongation at break by nearly 40% and reducing tensile loss by only 3-10 MPa after 30 days immersion. This work provides a promising strategy for fabricating high-performance EP composites with efficient flame retardancy, low smoke toxicity, and mechanical reinforce.
研究领域:
聚合物复合材料
·
材料科学
·
消防安全工程
·
纳米技术
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2024
·
IF 2.7
Chao Ling,Wen Zhang,Zhengzhou Wang
The preparation of biomass flame retardants with efficient flame-retardant properties is conducive to the realization of sustainable development and is of great practical significance. In this work, a green and sustainable biomass flame retardant PATAPEI was prepared by using phytic acid (PA), tannic acid (TA), and polyethyleneimine (PEI) as reactants via a one-step method to develop biomass flame retardants that can synchronize enhanced flame retardation, smoke suppression, and mechanical performance of epoxy resin (EP). The EP with only a 3% PATAPEI (EP/3PTP) has a LOI value of 28.5% with a UL-94 V-0 classification. The peak heat release rate (PHRR), total heat release (THR), and total smoke release (TSR) of EP/3PTP were decreased by 29.72%, 25.80%, and 21.16%, respectively, in comparison with the ones of pure EP. Additionally, the tensile and impact strengths of EP/3PTP are higher than the ones of pure EP. PATAPEI on heating decomposes to produce phosphorus-containing acids and biphenyltriol-containing compounds, which promote to form a good char layer with the aromatic structures during the combustion of EP/3PTP. Therefore, PATAPEI has prospects of wide application in the development of sustainable biomass flame retardant EP.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
·
可持续化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）