Yuan Liu,Xingliang Ji,Zhaoyang Zhu,Tao Wang,Jiawei Wang,Yongsheng Zhang,Wei-Ping Pan
Lithium zirconate (Li2ZrO3), as a high-temperature adsorbent with great prospects for development, has a high theoretical adsorption capacity and high recyclability, but it has difficulty achieving the largest possible adsorption capacity with low adsorption rates for practical applications, so the adsorption characteristics of Li2ZrO3 are improved by adopting elemental doping methods. Simulation and experimental methods were used to study the influence of K, Na, and Fe adulterating on the adsorption performance of Li2ZrO3 and the mechanism of the effect. It is found that the three-element doping can improve the adsorption performance of Li2ZrO3, the metal atoms through doping to change the surrounding electron arrangement and thus affect the potential of the surface, to improve the adsorption of CO2, and to promote the development of surface carbonate species.
All-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) with potentially improved energy density and safety have been recognized as the next-generation energy storage technology. However, their performances at subzero temperatures are rarely investigated, with rate-limiting process/mechanisms unidentified. Herein , the rate-limiting process/mechanisms for -40℃ ASSBs are accurately identified/analyzed by developing a standard test-analysis flow model. We reveal that the rate-limiting processes of LiCoO 2 (LCO)+sulfide solid electrolyte (SE) composite cathode are the sluggish ion transport across unfavorable interfacial reaction layer and charge transfer at damaged LCO cathode surface. After inserting Li 2 ZrO 3 (LZO) coating layer to suppress interfacial reactions, the rate-limiting process of LCO@LZO+sulfide SE composite cathode turns into the arduous ion transport across the interphase composed of the self-decomposition products of sulfide SE. Interestingly, by replacing sulfide SE with halide SE, LCO+halide SE composite cathode delivers fast charge transfer and the ion conduction through the thick SE separator becomes the rate-limiting process, thus enabling a superior capacity retention rate (41.4 %) at -40℃. Furthermore, the capacity retention of ASSB coupling LCO+halide SE composite cathode with Si anode can be boosted from 28.9 % to 38.6 % at -40℃ by employing superionic conductor with low activation energy. These successful identifications/modulations on rate-limiting process/mechanism and improvements on low-temperature performance demonstrate the significant role of this test-analysis flow in propelling the development of low-temperature ASSBs.
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