Insects
·
2025
·Vol. 16
·期 11
·1080
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IF 2.9
Xiuwei Li,Jiaqi Xing,Meng Yang,Naiwei Chen,Yaping Liang
Simple SummaryThe oriental armyworm (Mythimna separata) is a highly destructive migratory pest threatening cereal crops. With rising insecticide resistance and environmental concerns, novel bio-based alternatives are critically needed. This study evaluates hypaconitine—a diterpenoid alkaloid derived fromAconitum coreanum—for its insecticidal potential. We demonstrate that hypaconitine acts not only as a potent stomach poison and antifeedant, but also exploits a key physiological vulnerability in the pest: the high metabolic cost of sustained detoxification. Treated larvae exhibit prolonged development, severe pupal deformities, reduced adult emergence, and shortened lifespan—classic signs of fitness loss. Biochemical analyses confirm strong, prolonged induction of detoxification enzymes (CarE, GST, CYP450), indicating that the insect’s own defense response becomes a liability. By turning the pest’s detoxification system against itself, hypaconitine disrupts multiple life stages with a multi-modal mode of action that reduces the likelihood of rapid resistance evolution. These findings position hypaconitine as a promising, eco-friendly lead compound for next-generation bioinsecticides targeting resistant lepidopteran pests.Mythimna separata(Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a major migratory pest causing severe damage to cereal crops such as maize, wheat, and rice across Asia, and is also found in many parts of Oceania. With increasing insecticide resistance, botanical alternatives are urgently needed. This study evaluated the insecticidal potential of hypaconitine, a C19-diterpenoid alkaloid fromAconitum coreanum, againstM. separatalarvae. Hypaconitine exhibited significant stomach toxicity and strong antifeedant activity. It also caused pronounced growth inhibition, prolonged larval and pupal development, reduced pupation and adult emergence, induced morphological deformities, and significantly shortened adult longevity. Crucially, biochemical assays revealed sustained, time- and concentration-dependent upregulation of key detoxification enzymes—carboxylesterase (CarE), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and cytochrome P450 (CYP450)—over 72 h, indicating that hypaconitine imposes severe metabolic fitness costs rather than being readily detoxified. These effects collectively demonstrate that hypaconitine’s insecticidal efficacy arises not only from direct toxicity but also from exploiting the physiological trade-offs inherent in xenobiotic defense. Its multi-modal action—combining larvicidal, antifeedant, growth-regulatory, and metabolism-disrupting effects—presents a novel strategy for bioinsecticide development with a lower risk of resistance evolution. These findings highlight hypaconitine as a promising candidate for sustainable, integrated management ofM. separataand other resistant lepidopteran pests.
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高影响因子
PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY
·
2021
·
IF 3.963
Yifan Li,Hong Sun,Hassan Yasoob,Zhen Tian,Yue Li,Ruichi Li,Shengli Zheng,Jiyuan Liu,Yalin Zhang
Cantharidin (CTD) is a natural toxin with effective toxicity to lepidopteran pests. Nevertheless, little information is available on whether pests develop resistance to CTD. After being exposed to CTD (50 mg/L to 90 mg/L) or 10 generations, the resistance ratio of laboratory selected cantharidin-resistant Mythimna separata (Cantharidin-SEL) strain was only elevated 1.95-fold. Meanwhile, the developmental time for M. separata was prolonged (delayed1.65 in males and 1.84 days in females). The reported CTD target, the serine/threonine phosphatases (PSPs), have not been shown significant activity variation during the whole process of CTD-treatment. The activity of detoxification enzymes (cytochrome monooxygenase P450, glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and carboxylesterase) were affected by CTD selection, but this change was not mathematically significant. More importantly, no obvious cross-resistance with other commonly used insecticides was observed in the M. separata population treated with CTD for 10 generations (resistance ratios were all lower 2.5). Overall, M. separata is unlikely to produce target-site insensitivity resistance, metabolic resistance to CTD. Meanwhile, cantharidin-SEL is not prone to develop cross-resistance with other insecticides. These results indicate that CTD is a promising biogenetic lead compound which can be applied in the resistance management on M. separata .
研究领域:
昆虫学
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害虫管理
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毒理学
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高影响因子
CHEMISTRY & BIODIVERSITY
·
2024
·Vol. 21
·期 7
·e202400929
·
IF 2.3
Yuee Tian,Shiyue Ma,Yibo Liu,Yan Li,Genqiang Chen,Zhiping Che
In order to explore novel natural product-based insecticidal agent, two important intermediates ( 2 and 3 ) and 4-acyloxy-2′-bromo-6′-chloropodophyllotoxin derivatives ( 4 a – f and 5 a – f ) were designed and prepared, and their structures were confirmed by 1 H-NMR, 13 C NMR, HRMS, ESI-MS, optical rotation and melting point (mp). The stereochemical configuration of compound 4 b was unambiguously confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Moreover, we evaluated the insecticidal activity of target compounds 4 a – f and 5 a – f against a serious agricultural pest of Mythimna separata by using the leaf-dipping method. Among all tested compounds, compounds 4 d , 5 d and 5 f exhibited stronger insecticidal activity with a final mortality rate exceeding 60 %. Especially compound 5 d exhibited the best insecticidal activity, with a final mortality rate of 74.1 %. It has been proven that introducing bromine or chlorine atoms at the C-2′, C-2′ and C-6′ positions of the E ring of podophyllotoxin can produce more potent compounds. In addition, the configuration of the C-4 position is important for insecticidal activity, and 4β-configuration is optimal. This will pave the way for further design, structural modification, and development of derivatives of podophyllotoxin as insecticidal agents. Graphical
研究领域:
有机化学
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植物保护
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农业科学
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高影响因子
LANGMUIR
·
2024
·
IF 3.7
Shihao Gu,Mei Liu,Renle Xu,Xu Han,Yuhang Lou,Yue Kong,Yanqing Gao,Shibin Shang,Zhanqian Song,Jie Song,Jian Li
The exploration of environmentally friendly, less toxic, sustained-release insecticide is increasing with the growing demand for food to meet the requirements of the expanding population. As a sustained-release carrier, the unique, environmentally friendly intelligent responsive hydrogel system is an important factor in improving the efficiency of insecticide utilization and accurate release. In this study, we developed a facile approach for incorporating the natural compound rosin (dehydroabietic acid, DA) and zinc ions (Zn2+) into a poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) hydrogel network to construct a controlled-release hydrogel carrier (DA-PNIPAM-Zn2+). Then, the model insecticide avermectin (AVM) was encapsulated in the carrier at a drug loading rate of 36.32% to form AVM@DA-PNIPAM-Zn2+. Surprisingly, the smart controlled carrier exhibited environmental responsiveness, strongly enhanced mechanical properties, self-healing ability, hydrophobicity, and photostability to ensure a balance between environmental friendliness and the precision of the drug release. The release experiments showed that the carboxyl and amide groups in the polymer chains alter the intermolecular forces within the hydrogel meshes and ingredient diffusion by changing temperatures (25 and 40 °C) and pH values (5.8, 7.4, and 8.5), leading to different release behaviors. The insecticidal activity of the AVM@DA-PNIPAM-Zn2+ against oriental armyworms was good, with an effective minimum toxicity toward aquatic animals. Therefore, AVM@DA-PNIPAM-Zn2+ is an effective drug delivery system against oriental armyworms. We anticipate that this ecofriendly, sustainable, smart-response carrier may broaden the utilization rosin and its possible applications in the agricultural sector.
研究领域:
农业科学
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环境科学
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材料科学
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE
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2014
·
IF 0.921
Wenping Xu,Qingchun Huang,Xiwei Wu,Xiaoqin Yu,Xuexiao Wang,Liming Tao
Midgut α-amylase is an important digestive enzyme involved in larval energy metabolism and carbohydrate assimilation. In this article, the properties of midgut α-amylase from the Oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), larvae were characterized, and its in vitro responses to chemical inhibitors were also determined. The kinetic parameters Km and Vmax of midgut α-amylase were 0.064 M, 4.81 U mg pro(-1) in phosphate buffer, and 0.128 M, 1.96 U mg pro(-1) in barbiturate-acetate buffer; α-amylase activity linearly increased as starch concentration increased. α-Amylase activity was not influenced by amino acids such as Pro, Met, Try, His, Ala, and Phe but was strongly activated by antioxidants. Reduced glutathione, 1,4-dithiothreitol, β-mercaptoethanol, and ascorbic acid improved the activity of α-amylase about 2.06, 3.46, 3.37, and 6.38 times, respectively, relative to the control. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, sodium dodecyl sulfonate, and N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) strongly inhibited α-amylase. α-, β-, and γ-cyclodextrin were not the preferred substrates for α-amylase. Kinetic analysis showed that IC50 value of NBS against α-amylase was 1.52 (±0.26) µM, and the mode of action of NBS with Ki as 2.53 (0.35) µM was a mixed-type inhibition that indicated a combination of partial competitive and pure noncompetitive inhibition. The midgut α-amylase of armyworm larvae may be a potential target for novel insecticide development and pest control.
研究领域:
昆虫生理学
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酶学
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害虫控制
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生物化学
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分子生物学
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高影响因子
PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE
·
2021
·Vol. 78
·期 3
·1194-1205
·
IF 4.845
Xueqing Yang,Xinru Li,Xinzhu Cang,Jianglong Guo,Xiujing Shen,Kongming Wu
BACKGROUND The seasonal long-distance migration of pests amongst different seasonal habitats may encounter different degrees of insecticide selection pressure, but knowledge of the evolution of resistance and the underlying mechanisms remains sparse. Here, we show that the development of resistance of the oriental armyworm Mythimna separata (Walker), a notorious agricultural pest that migrates between northern and northeast China seasonally across the Bohai Gulf, is influenced by seasonal migration. RESULTS There are two conspicuous migrations of M. separata , the northeastwards population in the second half of May and the returning population in the second half of August, between northern and northeast China per year, and the abundance values of migrants from April to October are significantly different. The resistance levels of seasonal migratory populations to λ-cyhalothrin vary in different months, and the resistance levels and estimated frequency of the resistance allele of the first northeastward population (second half of May, May.-2) in spring are significantly higher than those of the returning populations in autumn. Moreover, resistance decline was observed in migrating population Jul.-2, with the resistance levels in the F 1 progeny higher than those in their F 2 progeny. Synergism tests indicate that cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) play a major role in resistance. Enzymatic assays show that P450 activity is significantly correlated with resistance levels in migratory populations, indicating that increased P450 activity is the main mechanism of resistance. The expression levels and correlation analysis of the relative expression of P450s with resistance levels show that three ( CYP9A144 , CYP9G40 , and CYP6B79 ) out of 23 genes from CYP6 and CYP9 subfamilies are potentially involved in resistance to λ-cyhalothrin. CONCLUSION Our results show that the resistance of M. separata to λ-cyhalothrin is unstable and likely to be metabolically driven by enhanced P450 activity mediated by the overexpression of multiple P450 genes. Notably, the development of resistance is probably affected by seasonal migration.
研究领域:
昆虫学
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生态毒理学
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分子生物学
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高影响因子
PHYTOPARASITICA
·
2018
·Vol. 46
·期 5
·627-634
·
IF 1.007
Yasoob Hassan,Abbas Naeem,Li Yifan,Zhang Yalin
The maize armyworm, Mythimna separata is a polyphagous insect pest of sporadic occurrence. Thiamethoxam is a neonicotinoid insecticide used for the management of many pests in many parts of the world. To develop a resistance management strategy, selection for resistance, the larval fitness parameters and the biochemical mechanisms of resistance to thiamethoxam were studied for thiamethoxam-selected and susceptible M. separata strains based on laboratory observations. The results of our bioassay showed that the thiamethoxam-selected strain was 17.03-fold more resistant than the susceptible strain. The thiamethoxam-selected strain had prolonged larval durations, lower pre-pupal weight of males, and a longer development time from egg to adult than the susceptible strain. The biochemical analyses showed that the GST, CarE and cytochrome P450 enzymes are associated with the development of thiamethoxam resistance in the thiamethoxam-selected strain of M. separata . In this study, the occurrence of resistance may cost developmental fitness for the thiamethoxam-selected strain and provide useful information for designing management strategies to delay resistance.
研究领域:
昆虫学
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害虫管理
·
生物化学
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高影响因子
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