INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
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2026
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IF 8.3
Qiang Gao,Yang Hu,Hongyun Hu,Chan Zou,Xinhong Yuan,Xian Li,Hong Yao
Hydrogen production from organic solid waste via pyrolysis is a low-carbon and promising way. However, low hydrogen conversion capability limited by heat transfer and catalysis hinders highly efficient utilization of solid waste pyrolysis gases. In this study, the selected NaOH–Na 2 CO 3 binary salt was introduced to optimize H 2 production during thermal treatment of waste tires, and the characteristics of hydrogen distribution and its generation mechanism were investigated. The results demonstrated that molten salt treatment increased H 2 yield by 17 times compared to conventional pyrolysis at 575 °C, and H 2 share in pyrolysis gas exceeded 72 vol%. An increase in temperature also increased hydrogen yield under molten salt conditions, and the hydrogen yield rose to 14.3 mmol/g-feedstock at 575 °C. Additionally, molten salt exhibited large H 2 production with over 2 mmol/g-feedstock for large particle feedstocks with a particle size of 10 mm. According to oil analysis and rubber pure substance validation, molten salt promoted the Diels-Alder reaction and aromatization of butadiene monomers from the decomposition of cis -butadiene and styrene-butadiene rubber, leading to the release of hydrogen and increasing the H 2 concentration level in the pyrolysis gas. This study provides a technical practice for the hydrogen production from solid waste.
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SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
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2026
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IF 9.1
Yang-Hai Zheng,Wen-Hao Wang,Yun-Xue She,Yue-Lin Wang,Tong Shen,Sheng-Rong Guo,Yun Xue,Yong-De Yan
To address the disposal challenge of radioactive cellulose-based protective equipment (e.g., gloves) from nuclear power plants, this study evaluated the oxidation behavior of Sr-doped gloves via Molten Salt Oxidation (MSO) technology, comparing three molten salt systems (chloride, carbonate, nitrate). Key analysis focused on oxidation efficiency, residue characteristics, and Sr immobilization mechanisms. Experimental results identified the ternary eutectic carbonate system (Li₂CO₃-Na₂CO₃-K₂CO₃) as the optimal, featuring a low eutectic temperature (393 °C), high Destruction Removal Efficiency (DRE), high Capacity Reduction Efficiency (CRE), good thermal stability, and non-corrosiveness. Resource conservation and oxidation efficiency were balanced at a salt-to-waste mass ratio of 1:2. Sr showed two temperature-dependent effects: it accelerated cellulose degradation and decreased activation energy (from 98.194 kJ·mol −1 to 94.942 kJ·mol −1 ) at >450 °C, but it hindered oxidation at <400 °C (molten salt not totally molten). In order to achieve atomic-level immobilization, Sr first produced SrO at 400–450 °C. At ≥500 °C, a spontaneous reaction (Gibbs free energy <0) converted Sr into thermally stable SrCO₃ (decomposition Gibbs free energy >0), at 800 °C, the Sr interception rate reached 95.1%. This study confirmed MSO with the ternary carbonate system (1,2 ratio) achieves deep mineralization of organic matter in radioactive gloves while efficiently immobilizing Sr. It overcomes defects of traditional methods (incineration causing nuclide volatilization, vitrification consuming high energy, cement solidification having a high leaching rate), providing a safe, efficient, and eco-friendly solution for radioactive personal protective equipment disposal in nuclear power plants.
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Energy Sources Part A-Recovery Utilization and Environmental Effects
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2024
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IF 2.3
Yanhua Teng,Long Chen,Jinjie Song,Song Liu,Hanxu Li,Fei Xu
Silicon in coal gasification coarse slag (CGCS) accounts for more than 40%. CGCS can be developed into an inorganic silicon source to improve its utilization value. Alkali activation can increase extraction rate of silicon. In this study, the influence of Na2CO3 on the activation degree and microstructure of CGCS was investigated. The activation mechanism was discussed based on IR, XRD, SEM, and EDS data. The results showed that the dosage of Na2CO3 was positively correlated with SiO2/Al2O3 in CGCS, which is generally 0.8 ~ 1.3 times of CGCS. The activation temperature of CGCS was 800°C ~ 850°C. A small amount of residual carbon could slightly reduce the activation temperature. The alkali activation process involved depolymerizing the polymer structure into an oligomer, whereby the crystalline structure was transformed into an amorphous structure. Moreover, Q4 structure in CGCS could be more easily activated than Q3 or Q2 structure. The activation reaction was carried out under gas-liquid-solid three-phase conditions. The diffusion effect of CO2 gas could be fully utilized in the activation process to ensure the melting of heteroatoms and the formation of defects, which prevented the emergence of crystalline substances. This research provides a solid theoretical foundation for low-cost and high-quality extraction of silicon from CGCS.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
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2025
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IF 13.2
Kejin Yan,Haoyu Jiang,Shuai Yin,Yunhao Zhang,Yiheng Gong,Haijun Chen,Hao Peng
This study develops a novel microencapsulated carbon sorbent (MECS) by integrating a composite Na 2 CO 3 -MEA (monoethanolamine) absorbent with droplet microfluidics technology. Building upon the activation mechanism of MEA, the CO 2 absorption performances of Na 2 CO 3 -MEA composites at different molar ratios are systematically investigated. A multi-objective optimization function identifies an optimal composition that achieves a 149 % increase in CO 2 capture rate compared to Na 2 CO 3 solution alone, while maintaining excellent cost-effectiveness. Subsequently, this high-performance absorbent is encapsulated within a photocurable organosilicone shell via a triple-coaxial capillary microfluidic device, forming stable core-shell microcapsules (MECS@Na 2 CO 3 –MEA). By leveraging hydrodynamic tuning, we achieved precise control over the microcapsule's geometry, systematically tuning shell thickness and particle size to fundamentally optimize the performance for CO 2 absorption. Under a pressure of 0.7 atm and an optimized temperature of 40 °C, the MECS@Na 2 CO 3 –MEA demonstrates a 36 % higher CO 2 absorption capacity compared to an equivalent mass of the unencapsulated absorbent. This significant enhancement persists even under low CO 2 concentration conditions, where 33 % and 57 % improvement are observed at 1 vol% and 5 vol% CO 2 , respectively. Furthermore, the microfluidic fabrication method also permits the incorporation of magnetic nanoparticles, endowing the MECS with dual functionality: magnetic responsiveness that enables remote steering and further improves CO 2 absorption performance. This work presents a promising, cost-effective approach for developing high-performance materials for carbon capture applications.
研究领域:
化学工程
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环境科学
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材料科学
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微流控技术
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碳捕集技术
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JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA
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2026
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IF 2.4
Jia Xu,Xun Wang,Tongqing Wang,Ziwei Hu,Ruyi Lin,Dan Li,Yong Ma,Lingzong Meng,Yafei Guo,Guangli Zhou,Tianlong Deng
The isopiestic equilibria in the system Na2CO3–Cs2CO3–H2O at 308.15 K were investigated with an improved isopiestic method with a modified gravimetric isopiestic apparatus. The water activities and osmotic coefficients were determined based on the calcium chloride standard reference solution. The equilibrium vapor pressure was calculated with the water activity. Combining the Pitzer binary parameters of Na2CO3, the Pitzer binary parameters β(0), β(1), and Cφ of Cs2CO3 and Pitzer mixing parameters θNa+, Cs+ and ψNa+, Cs+, CO32– were fitted with the experimental osmotic coefficients on the basis of the Pitzer model. The water activities were then calculated by the Pitzer parameters, and the good agreement between the calculated water activities and experimental results of this ternary system indicated that the Pitzer parameters obtained in this work were reliable. The thermodynamic data and Pitzer parameters obtained in this work can provide fundamental thermodynamic data for development of universal chemical models for brine systems containing cesium carbonate.
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METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B-PROCESS METALLURGY AND MATERIALS PROCESSING SCIENCE
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2025
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IF 3.1
Wu Yongxin,Wang Hongya,Xiang Mengli,Hu Zuojun,Shi Hao,Pang Fangzhao,Wang Bingbing,Zhang Xiong,Wang Dihua,Liu Xiaowei,Yin Huayi
Alloying alkaline metals (AMs) and/or alkaline-earth metals (AEMs) with lead (Pb) is an effective way to increase the mechanical strength of Pb alloys that are commonly employed as grids of lead-acid batteries (LABs). However, current methods for making AM/AEM-Pb alloys by physically mixing pure AM/AEM and Pb face challenges such as instantaneous thermal runaway from exothermic alloy reactions and oxidation of AM/AEM. Herein, sodium-lead (Na–Pb) alloy is directly prepared by molten salt electrolysis without generating Cl 2 gas using a molten NaCl–Na 2 CO 3 electrolyte with a current efficiency of above 80 pct at 200 mA·cm -2 , because the discharge of CO 3 2− is significantly more favorable than that of Cl − at the graphite anode. Furthermore, the reduction of Na + on the liquid Pb electrode happens at a potential more positive than the reduction of pure Na. The diffusion coefficient of Na in liquid Pb is measured as 3.22 × 10 −4 cm 2 s −1 at 750 °C by the galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT), and the simulated electrolysis current density is 200 mA cm −2 . Moreover, the prepared Pb–Ca–Na–Al using the electrolytic Na-Pb alloys achieves a significant mechanical strength improvement (27 pct increase of the hardness, 60 pct increase of the creep resistance). Overall, molten salt electrolysis offers a clean and efficient method for preparing various Pb alloys for next-generation LABs and other applications.
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PROGRESS IN REACTION KINETICS AND MECHANISM
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2026
·Vol. 51
·期 1
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IF 4.8
Songsong Zhang,Daokuan Liang,Xiaofeng Li,Yaohui Fan,Heyi Huang,Xiao He,Lin Wang,Zhaoying Li,Yong Dong
As a major type of agricultural waste, bagasse is rich in volatile matter and low in ash, making it an ideal raw material for thermochemical conversion to hydrogen-rich gas. In this study, an ex-situ microwave-assisted catalytic pyrolysis technique was used. CaO and Na2CO3 and their mixed catalysts in different ratios were selected for the experiments at 550 °C. The aim is to optimize both the hydrogen yield and concentration of the components to produce high-quality fuel. Thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTG) revealed the influence of the catalysts: Na2CO3 significantly promotes low-temperature deoxygenation, and CaO can effectively adsorb CO2. Molecular dynamics simulations showed that elevated temperatures promote carbon chain breakage, but too high a temperature (2,500 K) may lead to a carbonization cascade reaction, which inhibits bond breakage. The gas-phase products indicate that the mixed catalyst is most effective at a ratio of CaO : Na2CO3 of 1:3, achieving the highest H2 yield (maximum 17.26%) along with significant hydrocarbon generation inhibition (24.90%), and CO content reduction (23.45%). Catalyst characterization confirmed the presence of CaCO3 in the mixed catalysts after pyrolysis. The CaO : Na2CO3 = 1:3 catalyst was found to have a unique fibrous structure and a microporous network. Raman spectroscopy reveals the ordering of the carbon structure and differences in functional groups under the action of different catalysts. This study provides a theoretical basis for further optimizing the pyrolysis process of bagasse, and helps improve the conversion efficiency of biomass energy.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
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2022
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IF 16.744
Yongqing Xu,Bowen Lu,Cong Luo,Fan Wu,Xiaoshan Li,Liqi Zhang
Calcium looping (CaL) is a promising thermochemical energy storage (TCES) technology to convert solar energy to power in CO 2 Brayton cycle. However, the energy storage density (ESD) of the CaO-based heat carries decays drastically over the CaL cycles, and the energy storage performance of the CaO-based materials in a close-loop CaL-TCES system is still unclear. In this work, a novel Na 2 CO 3 modified method was proposed to enhance the ESD of the CaO-based materials over the close-loop CaL-TCES process, and the enhancing mechanism was investigated by the simultaneous thermal analyzer, X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, N 2 physisorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The “10Na 2 CO 3 /CaO” showed more promising ESD over the cycles, even though it suffered sintering. After 60 cycles, the “10Na 2 CO 3 /CaO” still held an ESD of 594 kJ/kg, which was 2.27 times that of “Neat CaO” when cycled at “850 °C–900 °C” mode. Increase the carbonation temperature from 650 °C to 850 °C, the cyclic energy storage densities of the “10Na 2 CO 3 /CaO” ascended rapidly, which was opposite to the “Neat CaO”. The optimum operating condition for the “10Na 2 CO 3 /CaO” is “850 °C–900 °C” when operated in the close-loop CaL-TCES system. The Na + species that enriched on the surface of the CaO grains were in amorphous or melting state, and they would react with CaO to form Na-Ca solid solution over the cycles. The “10Na 2 CO 3 /CaO” has a tendency of sintering over the cycles, but Na 2 CO 3 improves reaction kinetics. One suggested mechanism is that the Na + species may break through the mass transfer barriers to absorb CO 2 during the carbonation process. Therefore, although the Na 2 CO 3 doped CaO materials had poorer surface topography, they held much higher ESD over the repeated cycles.
研究领域:
材料科学
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可再生能源
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太阳能技术
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JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
·
2023
·Vol. 99
·期 1
·183-194
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IF 3.4
Zhen Wang,Zhitao Han,Gang Liu,Zelu Zhou,Xi Wu,Song Zhou,Xinxiang Pan
BACKGROUND The large-scale practical application of CO 2 capture using carbonate solutions is mainly limited by their low CO 2 absorption rate. In view of this, it is feasible to improve CO 2 capture performance of carbonate solution by adding additives. In this paper, low-cost sodium carbonate (Na 2 CO 3 ) solution was selected as the main CO 2 absorbent, and the effects of different organic additives on CO 2 capture performance of Na 2 CO 3 solutions were systematically investigated. RESULTS The results showed that 0.04 mol/L tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB) could achieve a better enhancement effect on CO 2 capture performance of Na 2 CO 3 solution. After addition of TBAB, the maximum CO 2 absorption rate of Na 2 CO 3 solution was improved to 2.52 × 10 −3 mol/min, which increased by 105%. And the maximum CO 2 desorption rate could also be improved by 45%. TBAB/Na 2 CO 3 system not only realized a high CO 2 absorption capacity of 0.769 mol/mol, but also maintained 82% of the initial CO 2 absorption capacity after three cyclic tests. The regeneration heat duty of TBAB/Na 2 CO 3 solution was calculated to be 1136.6 kJ/mol, which was significantly lower than that of single Na 2 CO 3 solution and conventional MEA aqueous solution. The promotion mechanism of TBAB in Na 2 CO 3 solution was explored using Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) and 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis. CONCLUSION The introduction of TBAB additive could significantly improve CO 2 capture performance of Na 2 CO 3 solution and reduce regeneration heat duty, making it a possible option in the field of post-combustion CO 2 capture. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
研究领域:
化学工程
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环境科学
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IONICS
·
2019
·Vol. 26
·期 1
·263-272
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IF 2.289
Luo X. Y.,Meng B.,Xia Z. D.,Chen Q. B.,Dong D. Z.,Zhao M. Y.
In order to investigate the effects of Na 2 CO 3 /ZnO co-addition on the sinterability and electrical conductivity of BaZr 0.1 Ce 0.7 Y 0.1 Sc 0.1 O 3-δ (BZCYSc) ceramic, Na 2 CO 3 and ZnO were added and BZCYSc/ZnO/Na 2 CO 3 ceramic was prepared by mechanical ball milling and high-temperature sintering in air. The crystalline structure, micro-morphology, chemical composition, density, and electrical conductivity of the sintered ceramics were characterized by XRD, SEM, EDS, Archimedes method, and electrochemical impedance spectrum, respectively. The grains size of BZCYSc-2%ZnO-5%Na 2 CO 3 is about 2.5~5 μm. Na 2 CO 3 /ZnO co-addition is beneficial to improve the sinterability and electrical conductivity of BZCYSc. The sintering temperature of BZCYSc can be lowered from 1550 to 1350 °C when 2 mol%ZnO is added. At 550 °C, the electrical conductivities of BZCYSc-2%ZnO-10%Na 2 CO 3 and BZCYSc are 1.90 × 10 −3 S/cm and 1.81 × 10 −3 S/cm. The activation energies of BZCYSc and BZCYSc-2%ZnO-10%Na 2 CO 3 are 0.7529 eV and 0.5641 eV, respectively.
研究领域:
材料科学
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无机非金属材料
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固态离子学
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能源材料
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陶瓷工程
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Energies
·
2020
·Vol. 13
·期 14
·3668
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IF 2.702
Xiaobo Wang,Anqi Liu,Zengli Zhao,Haibin Li
Raw syngas conditioning using molten salts was carried out in a fixed-bed reactor. The effects of the reaction conditions, including temperature, gas velocity, bubble diameter, molten salt static liquid heights, and inlet gas composition, on the composition of the syngas product and the properties of the spent molten salts were investigated. The molten salt absorbed CO2in all of the experiments (at temperatures from 350 °C to 500 °C) and decreased its concentration down to 1%. The H2/CO increased from 0.94 to a maximum of 11.0, which may meet most of the synthetic process’ requirements. The temperature, gas velocity, and molten salt static liquid heights had significant effects on the H2and CO concentrations in the gas product. Molten salt raw syngas conditioning can be a suitable follow-up procedure for gasification and pyrolysis.
研究领域:
能源工程
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化学工程
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可再生能源
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气化技术
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ChemistrySelect
·
2025
·Vol. 10
·期 21
·e01026
·
IF 2
Guixian Li,Zhibin Liu,Weijun Li,Xiaowei Wang,Pengju Lei,Xinhong Zhao,Shoudeng Wang,Jichong Xia,Chengrong Kong,Dong ji,Hongwei Li
Graphical The research focuses on developing an efficient nickel-based catalyst for DNT hydrogenation to TDA in aqueous medium. By varying the Na 2 CO 3 /Ni molar ratio, the catalyst's structure and performance are optimized. The Ni/AC-1.8N catalyst shows excellent results with 100% DNT conversion and TDA selectivity in 6 min at 120 °C and 2.1 MPa, and good stability after 8 recycles. XRD, TEM, and so on analyses reveal its structural advantages. This study developed a supported nickel-based catalyst for the aqueous-phase hydrogenation of dinitrotoluene (DNT) to toluenediamine (TDA). Using Ni(NO 3 ) 2 ·6H 2 O as the nickel source, Na 2 CO 3 as the precipitating agent, and activated carbon as the support, catalysts were prepared by impregnation-precipitation. The effect of Na 2 CO 3 /Ni molar ratio on catalyst structure and performance was investigated. Results show that when the ratio is 1.8, the catalyst achieves complete DNT conversion and 100% TDA selectivity in 6 min at 120 °C and 2.1 MPa, effectively controlling tar formation. After 8 recycles, the catalyst remains highly stable, showing good industrial application prospects.
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